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- Sellgren, C., et al.
(författare)
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The Association Between Schizophrenia and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Nationwide Population-Based Swedish Study on Intraindividual and Familial Risks
- 2014
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Ingår i: Schizophrenia Bulletin. - Stockholm : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0586-7614 .- 1745-1701. ; 40:6, s. 1552-1559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous studies have reported a reduced risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in schizophrenia. The mechanisms are unknown, but recent genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia have shown strong associations with markers spanning the major histocompatibility complex region, indicating a possible role for adaptive immunity also in schizophrenia. In this population-based cohort study, we assess the associations between RA and schizophrenia and the extent to which any observed associations are specific to RA/schizophrenia. We then extend the assessments per RA subtype and to risks in first-degree relatives. The study population included every individual identified in the Swedish Population Register born in Sweden between 1932 and 1989. The risk for RA in schizophrenia was significantly decreased (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.59-0.80), but similar reductions were noted for osteoarthritis (a noninflammatory joint disorder) and ankylosing spondylitis (a non-RA inflammatory disorder). Comparable associations were seen in schizoaffective subjects while no significant associations were observed in bipolar disorder. Overall, first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients were not at reduced risk of RA, but the risk for seronegative RA was significantly decreased in children and siblings of schizophrenia probands (HR = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.02-0.95 and HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 049-0.92, respectively). In conclusion, our intraindividual analyses suggest that differential misclassification bias is an important factor for the observed inverse association and emphasize the need of optimized care-provision for nonpsychiatric symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Our familial analyses indicted the possibility of an inverse coinheritance of schizophrenia and seronegative RA.
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- Alem, Atalay, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical course and outcome of schizophrenia in a predominantly treatment-naive cohort in rural Ethiopia
- 2009
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Ingår i: Schizophrenia Bulletin. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0586-7614 .- 1745-1701. ; 35:3, s. 646-654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The established view that schizophrenia may have a favorable outcome in developing countries has been recently challenged; however, systematic studies are scarce. In this report, we describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia among a predominantly treatment-naive cohort in a rural community setting in Ethiopia. The cohort was identified in a 2-stage sampling design using key informants and measurement-based assessment. Follow-up assessments were conducted monthly for a mean duration of 3.4 years (range 1-6 years). After screening 68 378 adults, ages 15-49 years, 321 cases with schizophrenia (82.7% men and 89.6% treatment naive) were identified. During follow-up, about a third (30.8%) of cases were continuously ill while most of the remaining cohort experienced an episodic course. Only 5.7% of the cases enjoyed a near-continuous complete remission. In the final year of follow-up, over half of the cases (54%) were in psychotic episode, while 17.6% were in partial remission and 27.4% were in complete remission for at least the month preceding the follow-up assessment. Living in a household with 3 or more adults, later age of onset, and taking antipsychotic medication for at least 50% of the follow-up period predicted complete remission. Although outcome in this setting appears better than in developed countries, the very low proportion of participants in complete remission supports the recent observation that the outcome of schizophrenia in developing countries may be heterogeneous rather than uniformly favorable. Improving access to treatment may be the logical next step to improve outcome of schizophrenia in this setting.
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- Allerby, Katarina, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Person-Centered Psychosis Care (PCPC) In An Inpatient Setting : Ward Level Data And Staff Workload
- 2019
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Ingår i: Schizophrenia Bulletin. - : Oxford University Press. - 0586-7614 .- 1745-1701. ; 45:Supplement 2, s. S304-S304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The person-centered care approach has been little tested in inpatient settings for persons with schizophrenia. An intervention, PersonCentered Psychosis Care (PCPC), was created to increase person-centered care through an educational intervention for staff. The education had a participatory approach where participants were involved in shaping the education and creating projects aimed at care development. The PCPC intervention focused on the patient’s narrative, the creation of a partnership between the patient and staff, and on coming to an agreement between the patient and staff concerning the care. The present study aims to compare staff experienced workload and ward level data before and after implementation of the intervention.Methods: The study was carried out on 4 hospital wards (43 beds) at the Psychosis Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden. Data was collected during a 6-month pre-intervention period, followed by an implementation period of 3 years, and finally a post intervention data collection period (9 months). During both data collection periods, one nurse per ward filled out a measure of daily subjective workload (a VAS scale with 0 indicating no burden at all and 10 indicating the highest imaginable burden). Additional ward level data (length of hospital stay, involuntary interventions, rehospitalization rates) were collected via the clinic’s electronic monitoring system.Results: The pre-intervention ratings (n=505) showed a mean subjective workload of 5.48 (SD=1.94). The post intervention workload (n=465) showed a mean of 4.51 (SD=2.08) which represents a significant reduction of experienced workload (t (968) = p <.0005). Analyses regarding length of hospital stay, involuntary interventions, and rehospitalization rates are underway and will be presented.Discussion: The findings indicate an improvement in the work environment for hospital staff and provide a quantitative result in line with staff experiences previously reported in our focus group study. The before and after design has its limitations, but the positive findings motivate further testing with a more rigorous design such as a cluster randomized study.
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