| 1. |
- Martin, Sylvia
(författare)
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Why using “consciousness” in psychotherapy? : Insight, Metacognition and Self-Consciousness
- 2023
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Ingår i: New ideas in psychology. - : Elsevier. - 0732-118X .- 1873-3522. ; 70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since its early development, clinical psychology has questioned the impact of “consciousness” on the determination of human responsibility across psychiatric disorders. In recent years, specific clinical approaches have focused on “consciousness” work that could play a key role in psychotherapy. We focused our research on clinical psychology's consciousness-related concepts of insight, self-consciousness, and metacognition. Insight and metacognition, for example, have prompted increased interest in schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and, more recently, borderline personality disorder (BPD) treatments as representative of the latest advances in the cognitive and behavioral therapy field. Here we review cognitive, social, and clinical psychology research measuring “consciousness” in BPD, SZ, and BD, exploring the implications of different conceptualizations of consciousness-like concepts for treatment adherence, symptom evolution, and related aspects of psychotherapy. Our results show the overall relevance of using measures of clinical and cognitive insight, emphasizing the more central role of cognitive insight and metacognition in psychotherapy, as it appears that consciousness can remain useful if understood as a cognitive skill. The inclusion of a conceptualization of self-consciousness is important in order to address the social component of psychotherapy, as it does in biopsychosocial approaches. We discuss the implications of such results for global efficacy, for the relevance of the “consciousness” concept to clinical psychology, and for the potential need to keep operationalizing different conceptualizations of it in psychotherapy. We open the debate on the definition of consciousness to motivational aspects of change and to general considerations of both legal and ethical aspects.
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| 2. |
- Millroth, Philip
(författare)
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Toward a richer understanding of human cognition : Unleashing the full potential of the concurrent information-processing paradigm
- 2021
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Ingår i: New ideas in psychology. - : Elsevier. - 0732-118X .- 1873-3522. ; 63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most influential working hypotheses in psychology, to this day, is that human information processing in higher-order cognition (e.g., judgment and decision-making) is constrained by having to process objects serially, one at a time. However, a rather large body of research, accumulated over the past 50 years, has demonstrated that serial-processing models provide a poor descriptive account of human information processing. An alternate to the serial-processing view is that people can process information concurrently; many cognitive processes can advance independently of each other even if the system involves only a single central informationprocessing unit (i.e., central executive). Perhaps this general idea can be advanced beyond its present standing and is to provide new powerful tools in the pursuit of understanding human behavior. To this end, the article provides a review of (i) the conceptual differences between different types of processing (serial, concurrent, parallel), (ii) recent advancements in the field of computer science, and (iii) existing research on human information-processing, which is in line with the advancements in computer science. Finally, the article provides a discussion of outstanding research questions gleaned from these reviews-questions that could stimulate entirely new research programs.
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| 3. |
- Morse, Anthony F., et al.
(författare)
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The role of robotic modelling in cognitive science
- 2011
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Ingår i: New ideas in psychology. - : Elsevier. - 0732-118X .- 1873-3522. ; 29:3, s. 312-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the perspective of cognitive robotics, this paper presents a modern interpretation of Newell’s (1973) reasoning and suggestions for why and how cognitive psychologists should develop models of cognitive phenomena. We argue that the shortcomings of current cognitive modelling approaches are due in significant part to a lack of exactly the kind of integration required for the development of embodied autonomous robotics. Moreover we suggest that considerations of embodiment, situatedness, and autonomy, intrinsic to cognitive robotics, provide an appropriate basis for the integration and theoretic cumulation that Newell argued was necessary for psychology to mature. From this perspective we analyse the role of embodiment and modes of situatedness in terms of integration, cognition, emotion, and autonomy. Four complementary perspectives on embodied and situated cognitive science are considered in terms of their potential to contribute to cognitive robotics, cognitive science, and psychological theorizing: minimal cognition and organization, enactive perception and sensorimotor contingency, homeostasis and emotion, and social embedding. In combination these perspectives provide a framework for cognitive robotics, not only wholly compatible with the original aims of cognitive modelling, but as a more appropriate methodology than those currently in common use within psychology.
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| 4. |
- Riva, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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From intention to action : the role of presence
- 2011
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Ingår i: New ideas in psychology. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0732-118X .- 1873-3522. ; 29:1, s. 24-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research in neuroscience has tried to understand human action from two different but converging perspectives: the cognitive and the volitional. On one side, cognitive studies analyze how action is planned and controlled in response to environmental conditions. On the other side, volitional studies analyze how action is planned and controlled by a subject's needs, motives and goals. In this paper we suggest that the notion of presence may be the missing link between these two approaches, explaining how can we differentiate between perception, action and concepts.In particular, a consideration of presence can explain how can we distinguish between a perceived action, a planned or an executed one. We argue that the evolutionary role of presence is the control of agency through the unconscious separation of “internal” and “external” and the enaction/reenaction of intentions.The model makes sense in terms of evolutionary psychology and is beginning to be supported by evidence of the neural and other physical correlates of action, imitation and self-monitoring. Another strength of this model is that it provides testable predictions about how to improve the experience of presence in media: maximal presence in a mediated experience arises from an optimal combination of form and content, able to support the intentions of the user.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Linell, Per, 1944
(författare)
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On agency in situated languaging: Participatory agency and competing approaches
- 2016
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Ingår i: New Ideas in Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0732-118X. ; 42, s. 39-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This theoretical paper discusses different linguistic theories that have dealt (or in some cases: not dealt) with how situated utterances are built in natural language: What is the role of abstract systems of linguistic norms or impersonal brain mechanisms? Can individual speakers make decisions about their own utterances? In this paper some traditional, structuralist, interactionist and dialogist theories are mutually contrasted. Starting out from a dialogist framework, a notion of participatory agency will be developed, based on the fact that speakers' situated languaging occurs in various activity types in direct or indirect interaction with others. Recent theories of interbodily dynamics, or intercorporeality, are discussed. A version of extended dialogism is proposed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Maurer, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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What is the process of Personal Growth? Introducing the Personal Growth Process Model
- 2023
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Ingår i: New Ideas in Psychology. - 0732-118X. ; 70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personal growth as a process remains vaguely understood. We introduce the Personal Growth Process (PGP) model based on Carl Rogers’s organismic valuing process (OVP). The PGP model explains personal growth as a sociocognitive embodied process whereby an individual undergoes multiple mental shifts that make up an ongoing, fluctuating process over the long term, starting from a place of psychological safety. The mental shifts occurring throughout the growth process are broadly categorized as self-awareness, openness towards experiencing and change, existential courage, autonomy/internal locus of control, takin responsibility for the self and others, self compassion, and compassion towards others. These shifts all represent progress toward well-being, defined here as authenticity, harmony and life-satisfaction. Importantly, the model does not include only individual psychological constructs, but ties the process to one’s social environment and common social responsibility.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Artur
(författare)
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Personality psychology as the integrative study of traits and worldviews
- 2014
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Ingår i: New Ideas in Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0732-118X. ; 32, s. 18-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personality psychology inevitably studies human beings not just as mechanical systems, but also as rational agents, whose experiences and actions are imbued with meaning. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the implications of taking this core element of personality psychology seriously, and to thereby contribute to the development of an integrative and normative framework for the field. I argue that personality can be studied both through trait constructs, referring to objective behavioral regularities, and through worldview constructs, referring to subjective sources of meaning, and try to show that worldviews are, contrary to popular belief, not inherently less universal, or in other ways less basic, than traits. I conclude by emphasizing the importance of more systematic study of worldviews, integration across the trait-worldview divide, and complementation of the individual differences approach with personalistic methods, for the development of richer and more unified portraits of personalities.
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| 10. |
- Rohner, Jean Christophe, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying definitional relations in psychological measurement
- 2020
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Ingår i: New Ideas in Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0732-118X. ; 56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantitative inferences about psychological attributes, such as extraversion, depression and empathy, involve measurement instruments as well as mathematical models that specify how indicators should be aggregated. The type of model that is appropriate for doing so is conditional on the type of relation that exists between an attribute, its facets and its indicators. The common assumption is that such relations are causal relations. Here, instead, we address definitional attribute-facet relations. Our aim is to find an appropriate mathematical model for when an attribute is defined in terms of facets, instead of causing or being caused by facets. In doing so, we describe the semantics of definitions in logical form. From this form we then derive continuous functions for attribute-facet relations using fuzzy logic. A model with main effects and interactions between facets seems to be more powerful for representing definitional relations than traditional formative and reflective models. This has important implications for measurement in basic and applied research.
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