| 1. |
- Anderson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Habituation to Environmental Enrichment in Captive Sloth Bears - Effect on Stereotypies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Zoo Biology. - Online : Wiley-Liss, Inc.. - 0733-3188 .- 1098-2361. ; 28:6, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The benefits to captive animals of environmental enrichment (EE) are widely recognized. Few studies have, however, studied how to maximise the effect of EE. One issue with EE programs seems to be habituation to the enrichment device. To study the effect of habituation to EE, 14 captive sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) were subjected to two different EE treatments. Treatment one presented EE (logs with honey containing holes) for five consecutive days, whereas treatment two presented EE on intermittent days for five days. Intermittent presentations tended to reduce habituation toward the EE. Both consecutive and intermittent presentations significantly reduced stereotypies; however, the consecutive presentations had a longer-lasting effect. Explorative behaviors increased in both treatments, consistent with earlier findings that EE increase levels of natural behaviors. Other behaviors were unaffected by the EE presentations. The results show that intermittent presentation of EE objects may secure the interest of the animals, but continuous access to enrichment may be more efficient in reducing stereotypies in the long run.
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| 2. |
- Berio, Fidji, et al.
(författare)
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Husbandry conditions of spotted ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei, Chimaeriformes) in aquaria for successful embryonic development and long-term survival of juveniles
- 2024
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Ingår i: Zoo Biology. - 0733-3188 .- 1098-2361. ; 43:2, s. 188-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spotted ratfish Hydrolagus colliei is the most common holocephalan species exhibited in aquaria worldwide for introducing deep-sea environments and raising awareness of their conservation. However, little is known about the biology of H. colliei. Current practices in aquaria allow long-term survival of sexually mature H. colliei specimens; however, this species struggles to complete a reproductive cycle in captivity mostly because embryos do not reach the hatchling stage. The aquarists of Planet Ocean Montpellier (POM, France) have bred H. colliei for 15 years and recorded parameters suitable for this species' successful embryonic and post-embryonic development. POM aquarists now regularly record egg-laying events of H. colliei and use four tanks to incubate eggs and raise neonates, late hatchlings, early and intermediate juveniles, subadults, and sexually mature specimens. In this work we provide the first long-term biometric data on H. colliei from the hatchling to the subadult stage. We also report the biotic and abiotic parameters sufficient to breed H. colliei in aquaria. We finally describe the methods used to facilitate individual monitoring of specimens along the ontogeny and several pathologies identified in this species, their putative causes, and the corresponding treatments. This work highlights the importance of ex situ research and points to the valuable outcomes of collaborative efforts between aquaria and academia in deciphering the biology of species whose study in the wild remains challenging.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, P, et al.
(författare)
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Current Husbandry of Red Pandas (Ailurus fulgens) in Zoos
- 2010
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Ingår i: ZOO BIOLOGY. - : John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. - 0733-3188 .- 1098-2361. ; 29:6, s. 732-740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The endangered red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is held in zoos worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine how red pandas are kept and managed in captivity and to compare it with the management guidelines. Sixty-nine zoos, mainly from Europe but also from North America and Australia/New Zealand, responded to our survey. The results revealed that in general zoos follow the management guidelines for most of the investigated issues. The average enclosure is almost four times larger than the minimum size recommended by the management guidelines, although seven zoos have smaller enclosures. About half the zoos do not follow the guidelines concerning visitor access and number of nest boxes. Other issues that may compromise animal welfare include proximity of neighboring carnivore species and placement of nest boxes. Zoo Biol 29: 732-740, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Mello, I., et al.
(författare)
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Reactions of three bottlenose dolphin dams with calves to other members of the group in connection with nursing
- 2005
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Ingår i: Zoo Biology. - : Wiley. - 0733-3188 .- 1098-2361. ; 24:6, s. 543-555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The suckling behavior of three bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) mother-calf pairs at the Kolmården Wild Animal Park, Sweden, was followed from birth until the calves were 1 year old, with emphasis on the behavior of the mothers toward other dolphins present in pool. The results show that 80.44% of the sucklings occurred when the dams were not accompanied by another member of the group. This preference declined, as the calf grew older, for all three dams. Three factors influenced this company preference in relation to nursing and contributed to the total variance in a detectable way: the month post partum, company preference, and the mother's ID, i.e., which mother was involved. The time between the category "dam leaves company" and the beginning of nursing increased over the months for all three dams. These results indicate that another dolphin is not automatically an asset to a dam with a newborn, and that, in human care, ample space and limited number of pool mates must be provided to allow the dam the necessary privacy in connection with nursing. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 6. |
- Scharis, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-fostering in gray wolves (Canis lupus lupus)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Zoo Biology. - : Wiley. - 0733-3188 .- 1098-2361. ; 34:3, s. 217-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross-fostering in canids, with captive-bred pups introduced into endangered wild populations, might aid conservation efforts by increasing genetic diversity and lowering the risk of inbreeding depression. The gray wolf (Canis lupus lupus) population in Scandinavia suffers from severe inbreeding due to a narrow genetic base and geographical isolation. This study aimed at evaluating the method to cross-foster wolf pups from zoo-born to zoo-born litters. The following was assessed: female initial acceptance of foster pups, growth rate in relation to age difference between foster pups and pups in recipient litters and survival over the first 33 weeks. The study included four litters added by two foster pups in each. The age differences between the foster pups and the recipient litters were 2-8 days. After augmentation, all four females accepted the foster pups, demonstrated by her moving the entire litter to a new den site. Growth rate was dependent on the age difference of the pups in the foster litters, with a considerably slower growth rate in the 8 days younger pups. However, these pups later appeared to be at no disadvantage. Foster pups had a higher survival rate than females pups, however, the causes of death were probably not kin or non-kin related. The results indicate that cross-fostering works in gray wolves and that this might be a plausible way to increase genetic variation in the wild population.
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