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| 2. |
- Kakkar, Aditya, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive study of equalization-enhanced phase noise in coherent optical systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 33:23, s. 4834 -4841
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A thorough analysis of equalization-enhanced phase noise (EEPN) and its impact on the coherent optical system is presented. We show with a time-domain analysis that EEPN is caused due to the interference of multiple delayed versions of the dispersed signal, generated by intermixing of the received dispersed signal, and the noise side bands of the local oscillator (LO) in the photodetectors. We derive statistical properties such as the mean, variance, and error vector magnitude of the received signal influenced with EEPN. We show that in coherent optical systems utilizing electronic dispersion compensation, this noise corresponds to multipath fading in wireless communication systems. Closed-form expressions of necessary LO linewidth and/or mitigation bandwidth for a general system configuration and specified OSNR penalty are given. The expressions for system design parameters, validated with system simulations, show that higher order modulation formats, such as 16-quadrature amplitude modulation and beyond, put stringent demands on the LO linewidth unless a mitigation technique is used.
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| 3. |
- Leong, Miu Yoong, et al.
(författare)
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Dimensioning BCH Codes for Coherent DQPSK Systems With Laser Phase Noise and Cycle Slips
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 32:21, s. 3446-3450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forward error correction (FEC) plays a vital role in coherent optical systems employing multi-level modulation. However, much of coding theory assumes that additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is dominant, whereas coherent optical systems have significant phase noise (PN) in addition to AWGN. This changes the error statistics and impacts FEC performance. In this paper, we propose a novel semianalytical method for dimensioning binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes for systems with PN. Our method involves extracting statistics from pre-FEC bit error rate (BER) simulations. We use these statistics to parameterize a bivariate binomial model that describes the distribution of bit errors. In this way, we relate pre-FEC statistics to post-FEC BER and BCHcodes. Our method is applicable to pre-FEC BER around 10(-3) and any post-FEC BER. Using numerical simulations, we evaluate the accuracy of our approach for a target post-FEC BER of 10(-5). Codes dimensioned with our bivariate binomial model meet the target within 0.2-dB signal-to-noise ratio.
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| 4. |
- Piels, Molly, et al.
(författare)
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Laser Rate Equation-Based Filtering for Carrier Recovery in Characterization and Communication
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 33:15, s. 3271-3279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We formulate a semiconductor laser rate equation-based approach to carrier recovery in a Bayesian filtering framework. Filter stability and the effect of model inaccuracies (unknown or unuseable rate equation coefficients) are discussed. Two potential application areas are explored: Laser characterization and carrier recovery in coherent communication. Two rate equation-based Bayesian filters, the particle filter and extended Kalman filter, are used in conjunction with a coherent receiver to measure frequency noise spectrum of a photonic crystal cavity laser with less than 20 nW of fiber-coupled output power. The extended Kalman filter is also used to recover a 28-GBd DP-16 QAM signal where a decision-directed phase-locked loop fails.
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| 5. |
- Agrell, Erik, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Capacity of a nonlinear optical channel with finite memory
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 32:16, s. 2862-2876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The channel capacity of a nonlinear, dispersive fiber-optic link is revisited. To this end, the popular Gaussian noise (GN) model is extended with a parameter to account for the finite memory of realistic fiber channels. This finite-memory model is harder to analyze mathematically but, in contrast to previous models, it is valid also for nonstationary or heavy-tailed input signals. For uncoded transmission and standard modulation formats, the new model gives the same results as the regular GN model when the memory of the channel is about ten symbols or more. These results confirm previous results that the GN model is accurate for uncoded transmission. However, when coding is considered, the results obtained using the finite-memory model are very different from those obtained by previous models, even when the channel memory is large. In particular, the peaky behavior of the channel capacity, which has been reported for numerous nonlinear channel models, appears to be an artifact of applying models derived for independent input in a coded (i.e., dependent) scenario. © 1983-2012 IEEE.
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| 6. |
- Agrell, Erik, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Behavioral Models on Multiuser Channel Capacity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 33:17, s. 3507-3515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to characterize the channel capacity of a wavelength channel in a wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) system, statistical models are needed for the transmitted signals on the other wavelengths. For example, one could assume that the transmitters for all wavelengths are configured independently of each other, that they use the same signal power, or that they use the same modulation format. In this paper, it is shown that these so-called behavioral models have a profound impact on the single-wavelength achievable information rate. This is demonstrated by establishing, for the first time, upper and lower bounds on the maximum achievable rate under various behavioral models, for a rudimentary WDM channel model.
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| 7. |
- Agrell, Erik, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Power-efficient modulation formats in coherent transmission systems
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 27:22, s. 5115-5126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coherent optical transmission systems have a four-dimensional (4-D) signal space (two quadratures in two polarizations). These four dimensions can be used to create modulation formats that have a better power efficiency (higher sensitivity) than the conventional binary phase shift keying/quadrature phase shift keying (BPSK/QPSK) signals. Several examples are given, with some emphasis on a 24-level format and an 8-level format, including descriptions of how they can be realized and expressions for their symbol and bit error probabilities. These formats are, respectively, an extension and a subset of the commonly used 16-level dual-polarization QPSK format. Sphere packing simulations in 2, 3, and 4 dimensions, up to 32 levels, are used to verify their optimality. The numerical results, as the number of levels increases, are shown to agree with lattice-theoretical results. Finally, we point out that the use of these constellations will lead to improved fundamental sensitivity limits for optical communication systems, and they may also be relevant as a way of reducing power demands and/or nonlinear influence. © 2009, IEEE. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Ahmed, Jawwad, et al.
(författare)
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A Dynamic Bulk Provisioning Framework for Concurrent Optimization in PCE-Based WDM Networks
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - : IEEE. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 30:14, s. 2229-2239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A centralized network control and management plane, such as the one based on a path computation element (PCE), is highly beneficial in terms of resource optimization in wavelength division multiplexing optical networks. Benefits of centralized provisioning are even more evident when connection requests are provisioned in batches, i.e., they allow a better use of network resources via concurrent optimization. In this study, a dynamic bulk provisioning framework is presented with the objective of optimizing the use of network resources that also presents, as an additional benefit, the ability to yield a reduction of the control plane overhead. The rationale behind the proposed framework is based on a mechanism in which the PCE client is allowed to bundle and simultaneously send multiple labeled switch path (LSP) requests to the PCE where, in turn, several bundles can be concurrently processed together as a single bulk. From the network deployment perspective, a PCE-based network architecture is proposed to practically realize this approach. For dynamic bulk provisioning of optical LSP requests, a time-efficient integer linear programming (ILP) model (LSP BP ILP) is presented to minimize the request blocking, the network resource consumption, and the network congestion. In addition, a heuristic based on a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP), namely LSP_BP_GRASP, is also proposed as a scalable alternative. The presented results demonstrate significant advantages of the proposed PCE bulk provisioning framework based on concurrent optimization in terms of reduced blocking probability and control overhead when compared with conventional dynamic connection provisioning approaches processing a single connection request at a time.
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| 9. |
- Alfredsson, Arni, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Joint-Polarization Phase-Noise Estimation and Symbol Detection for Optical Coherent Receivers
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 34:18, s. 4394-4405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of optimal symbol detection in the presence of laser phase noise is studied, for uncoded polarization-multiplexed fiber-optic transmission. To this end, the maximum a posteriori (MAP) symbol detector is presented. Specifically, it is emphasized that obtaining phase-noise point estimates, and treating them as the true values of the phase noise, is in general suboptimal. Furthermore, a pilot-based algorithm that approximates the MAP symbol detector is developed, using approaches adopted from the wireless literature. The algorithm performs joint-polarization phase-noise estimation and symbol detection, for arbitrary modulation formats. Through Monte Carlo simulations, the algorithm is compared to existing solutions from the optical communications literature. It is demonstrated that joint-polarization processing can significantly improve upon the single-polarization case, with respect to linewidth tolerance. Finally, it is shown that with less than 3% pilot overhead, the algorithm can be used with lasers having up to 6 times larger linewidths than the most well-performing blind algorithms can tolerate.
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| 10. |
- Alfredsson, Arni, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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On the Performance of Joint-Core Carrier-Phase Estimation in the Presence of Intercore Skew
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 37:20, s. 5291-5298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sharing of lasers in space-division multiplexed multicore-fiber transmission yields correlated phase noise across the spatial channels. As a result, system performance can be improved through the use of joint-core carrier-phase estimation (CPE). However, the presence of intercore skew can reduce the potential of such schemes. This paper studies the effects of skew on pilot-aided joint-core CPE, where via simulations, it is shown that joint-core processing can be made to perform similarly to or better than separate-core processing for any amount of skew. It is shown that for a given signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and skew, the performance of joint-core CPE relative to separate-core CPE is highly dependent on the ratio of the light-source linewidth to the local oscillator (LO) linewidth. In general, the performance of joint-core CPE in the presence of skew improves as the LO linewidth decreases compared to the light-source laser linewidth, assuming that the spatial channels are digitally realigned at the receiver.
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