| 1. |
- Belfrage, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring the outcome of structured spousal violence risk assessments using the B-SAFER : risk in relation to recidivism and intervention
- 2012
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Ingår i: Behavioral sciences & the law (Print). - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0735-3936 .- 1099-0798. ; 30:4, s. 420-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, 216 risk assessments conducted by law enforcement officers in a suburb of Stockholm using the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER) were followed up and correlated to both recidivism and type of protective actions implemented by the police. The results showed high recidivism rates across all risk categories, except in the highest risk group, where the recidivism rate was significantly lower. This finding suggests a poor, and even negative, predictive power of the police risk assessments: the higher the police-assessed risk, the lower the recidivism rate. However, it was clear that the police did very little, or nothing, in cases not assessed as high risk. All resources appear to have been directed to the high-risk cases, which seems to have had a preventive effect. Our results point to the importance of studying the nature and extent of protective actions taken in response to risk assessment, before drawing conclusions about the predictive validity of risk assessment instruments.
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| 2. |
- Corovic, Jelena, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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From Crime Scene Actions in Stranger Rape to Prediction of Rapist Type : Single-Victim or Serial Rapist?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Behavioral sciences & the law (Print). - : Wiley. - 0735-3936 .- 1099-0798. ; 30:6, s. 764-781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The differences in crime scene actions in cases of stranger rape committed by convicted offenders were examined between 31 single-victim rapists and 35 serial rapists. Data were collected from police files, court verdicts, psychiatric evaluations, and criminal records. Findings indicate that the serial rapists were more criminally sophisticated than the single-victim rapists, during their first and second rapes. The single-victim rapists were significantly more likely to engage in the interpersonal involvement behavior of kissing the victim, and to engage in pre-assault alcohol use, than the serial rapists. There was, however, no significant difference in physically violent or sexual behaviors. To investigate the possibility of predicting rapist type, logistic regression analyses were performed. Results indicate that three behaviors in conjunction, kissed victim, controlled victim, and offender drank alcohol before the offense, predicted whether an unknown offender is a single-victim or serial rapist with a classification accuracy of 80.4%. The findings have implications for the classification of stranger rapists in offender profiling.
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| 3. |
- Diesfeld, Kate, et al.
(författare)
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Interpretive flexibility : Why doesn´t insight incite controversy in mental health law?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Behavioral sciences & the law (Print). - : Wiley. - 0735-3936 .- 1099-0798. ; 25:1, s. 85-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research investigates how the term ‘‘insight’’was employed in 25 decisions from mental health reviewproceedings in Victoria, Australia. The application ofinsight appears problematic in these decisions. First, thereis little clarification of its meaning. Second, the logicapplied when insight is related to compliance is oftenunclear. Third, there are frequent allusions to an implicitand undefined scale of insight, offering the appearance ofobjectivity. We have analysed insight as an ‘‘interpretiveresource’’, focusing on its various functions in the complexsocial context of commitment hearings and with aview to its therapeutic jurisprudence implications.The variable application of insight—its interpretive flexibility—appears useful in addressing complex problemsfaced by review boards. Hence, a key function of insight isto bridge between legal and clinical discourses. Insight isalso a convenient means to avoid complicated debatesregarding the person’s credibility. By analysing insightin Victoria, we hope to contribute to better theoreticalunderstanding of decision-making patterns in mentalhealth law in general.
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| 4. |
- Hendry, Melissa C., et al.
(författare)
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Construct Measurement Quality Improves Predictive Accuracy in Violence Risk Assessment : an Illustration Using the Personality Assessment Inventory
- 2013
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Ingår i: Behavioral sciences & the law (Print). - : Wiley. - 0735-3936 .- 1099-0798. ; 31:4, s. 477-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much of the risk assessment literature has focused on the predictive validity of risk assessment tools. However, these tools often comprise a list of risk factors that are themselves complex constructs, and focusing on the quality of measurement of individual risk factors may improve the predictive validity of the tools. The present study illustrates this concern using the Antisocial Features and Aggression scales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (Morey, 1991). In a sample of 1,545 prison inmates and offenders undergoing treatment for substance abuse (85% male), we evaluated (a) the factorial validity of the ANT and AGG scales, (b) the utility of original ANT and AGG scales and newly derived ANT and AGG scales for predicting antisocial outcomes (recidivism and institutional infractions), and (c) whether items with a stronger relationship to the underlying constructs (higher factor loadings) were in turn more strongly related to antisocial outcomes. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) indicated that ANT and AGG items were not structured optimally in these data in terms of correspondence to the subscale structure identified in the PAI manual. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on a random split-half of the sample to derive optimized alternative factor structures, and cross-validated in the second split-half using CFA. Four-factor models emerged for both the ANT and AGG scales, and, as predicted, the size of item factor loadings was associated with the strength with which items were associated with institutional infractions and community recidivism. This suggests that the quality by which a construct is measured is associated with its predictive strength. Implications for risk assessment are discussed.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Holmberg, Ulf, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Murderers' and sexual offenders' experiences of police interview and their inclination to admit or deny crime
- 2002
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Ingår i: Behavioral sciences & the law (Print). - 0735-3936 .- 1099-0798. ; 20:1-2, s. 31-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research concerns murderers' and sexual offenders' experiences of Swedish police interviews and their attitudes towards allegations of these serious crimes. The explorative study is based on a questionnaire answered by 83 men convicted of murder or sexual offences. Results show that when police officers interview murderers and sexual offenders, the individuals perceive attitudes that are characterized by either dominance or humanity. Logistic regression shows that police interviews marked by dominance are mainly associated with a higher proportion of denials, whereas an approach marked by humanity is associated with admissions. When suspects feel that they are respected and acknowledged, they probably gain more confidence and mental space, allowing them to admit criminal behaviour.
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| 7. |
- Holmberg, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Murderers' and sexual offenders' experiences of police interview and their inclination to admit or deny crime
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Behavioral sciences & the law (Print). - : Wiley. - 0735-3936 .- 1099-0798. ; 20:1-2, s. 31-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research concerns murderers' and sexual offenders' experiences of Swedish police interviews and their attitudes towards allegations of these serious crimes. The explorative study is based on a questionnaire answered by 83 men convicted of murder or sexual offences. Results show that when police officers interview murderers and sexual offenders, the individuals perceive attitudes that are characterized by either dominance or humanity. Logistic regression shows that police interviews marked by dominance are mainly associated with a higher proportion of denials, whereas an approach marked by humanity is associated with admissions. When suspects feel that they are respected and acknowledged, they probably gain more confidence and mental space, allowing them to admit criminal behaviour.
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| 8. |
- Lindholm, Johanna, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Legal assessments of victims of human trafficking for sexual purposes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Behavioral sciences & the law (Print). - : Wiley. - 0735-3936 .- 1099-0798. ; 34:1, s. 218-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated how Swedish district court judges assessed child victims' credibility and the reliability of their testimony in cases of alleged human trafficking for sexual purposes. Court files from 12 different cases, involving 16 alleged child victims (aged 13–17 years old), all of them girls, were qualitatively analyzed with particular attention paid to how the judges described credibility and reliability. Results indicated that, although the judges' assessments to a large extent were based on the Swedish Supreme Court's criteria for credibility and reliability, they were applied somewhat arbitrarily and subjectively. They were also applied as if obvious and grounded on shared experiences, although their meaning was never explored. The way that credibility was assessed may also reinforce gender and victim stereotypes. Moreover, there seems to exist a confusion surrounding the credibility and reliability concepts, as they were sometimes used interchangeably despite the intention that they are two different assessments. Overall, an apparent need exists to increase judges' awareness that their subjective impressions should decrease when legitimizing judicial decisions.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Spain, S E, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between psychopathic features, violence and treatment outcome : The comparison of three youth measures of psychopathic features
- 2004
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Ingår i: Behavioral sciences & the law (Print). - : Wiley. - 0735-3936 .- 1099-0798. ; 22:1, s. 85-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies have compared self-report and clinician-administered measures of youth psychopathic features in juvenile-justice settings in terms of antisocial behavior and treatment indices. In a sample of 85 adjudicated delinquents, the predictive validities of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD), the modified Childhood Psychopathy Scale (mCPS), and the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) were tested. Three indices of institutional antisocial behavior (physical aggression; verbal aggression; administrative infractions) and two indices of treatment progress (time to treatment level promotion; whether treatment levels were dropped) were used as external correlates. The self-report measures (mCPS more so than APSD) were more consistently and strongly related to antisocial behavior and to the days required to progress in treatment than the PCL:YV. The following issues are discussed: (i) implications of the potential impact of measurement format on the understanding and predictive validity of youth psychopathy features and measures; (ii) the differential predictive validity of self-report versus clinician-administered measures; and (iii) the potential practical utility of measures of psychopathic features in youth. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
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