| 1. |
- Aneheim, Emma, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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A TBP/BTBP-based GANEX Separation Process. Part 1: Feasibility
- 2010
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Ingår i: Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0736-6299 .- 1532-2262. ; 28:4, s. 437-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A GANEX (Group ActiNide EXtraction) separation system for transmutation has been developed. In this separation process the actinides should be extracted as a group from the lanthanides and the fission and corrosion/activation products. This can be achieved by combining BTBP (bis-triazine-bipyridine) with TBP (tri-butyl phosphate) in cyclohexanone. From 4M nitric acid this organic system extracts the actinides (log(DAm) = 2.19, log(DPu) = 2.31, log(DU) = 1.03, log(DNp) = 0.53) and also separates them from the lanthanides (log(DLa) = -2.0, log(DCe) = -1.72, log(DNd) = -1.05, log(DSm) = -0.18, log(DEu) = -0.02). One problem encountered is that some of the fission and corrosion products are also extracted. The new system however still looks feasible.
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| 2. |
- Aneheim, Emma, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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A TBP/BTBP-Based GANEX Separation Process Part 3: Fission Product Handling
- 2013
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Ingår i: Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0736-6299 .- 1532-2262. ; 31:3, s. 237-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Group ActiNide EXtraction (GANEX) separation system for transmutation has been developed, combining CyMe4-BTBP with TBP and cyclohexanone. This new GANEX solvent has proven efficient in actinide extraction but also been found to extract some undesired fission products and corrosion products. Three major fission products were primarily selected for the study: Mo, Zr, and Pd. There are three main strategies for handling the extraction problem, all of which have been investigated and discussed; these are Pre-extraction, Suppression, and Scrubbing. The only strategy that was found to control the behavior of all three main fission products was suppression by the combination of two water-soluble complexing agents bimet and mannitol.
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| 3. |
- Aneheim, Emma, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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A TBP/BTBP-based GANEX Separation ProcessPart 2: Ageing, Hydrolytic, and Radiolytic Stability
- 2011
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Ingår i: Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0736-6299 .- 1532-2262. ; 29:2, s. 157-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The waste from nuclear power plants worldwide has to be isolated from man and his environment for about 100,000 years to equal the levels of natural uranium. If, however, the long-lived actinides could be separated from the spent fuel and transmuted, then the isolation time could be shortened to about 1,000 years. This does, however, require the selective separation of the actinides from the rest of the waste. Several processes exist for such a separation, of which one is the Group ActiNide Extraction (GANEX) process. A novel GANEX process has been developed at the Chalmers University of Technology utilizing the properties of already well known extractants by combining BTBP and TBP into one solvent. The stability provided by this GANEX solvent towards ageing, hydrolysis, and radiolysis has been investigated. The results show that the actinide distribution ratios are maintained after a long duration of contact with strong nitric acid. The solvent has also been found to be stable towards radiolysis up to 200 kGy in contact with 4 M nitric acid.
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| 4. |
- Ashour, Radwa M., et al.
(författare)
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Rare Earth Ions Adsorption onto Graphene Oxide Nanosheets
- 2017
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Ingår i: Solvent extraction and ion exchange. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0736-6299 .- 1532-2262. ; 35:2, s. 91-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized and used as a coagulant of rare earth elements (REEs) from aqueous solution. Stability and adsorption capacities were exhibited for target REEs such as La(III), Nd(III), Gd(III), and Y(III). The parameters influencing the adsorption capacity of the target species including contact time, pH, initial concentration, and temperature were optimized. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were studied. The method showed quantitative recovery (99%) upon desorption using HNO3 acid (0.1 M) after a short contact time (15 min).
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Babain, V., et al.
(författare)
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Fluorinated Diluents- A Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0736-6299 .- 1532-2262. ; 41:3, s. 253-291
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The history of the development of fluorinated compounds as potential diluents in solvent extraction processes is described. Fluorinated diluents were first investigated in the former Soviet Union and later in the United States and Europe. Fluorinated diluents represent a class of compounds that can be used as primary diluents or as phase modifiers. They are of particular utility when extractant solubility is limited in traditional hydrocarbon diluents and a polar diluent is needed. The chemical and physical characterisitics of fluorinated diluents are provided for a broad range of compounds. Other properties such as toxidcity and resistance to radiolysis are described. Fluorinated compounds have been studied for over 40 years and have been used at industrial scale as a primary diluent for cesium and strontium extraction in Russia and as a phase modifer for an insustrial-scale cesium extraction process in the United States. The advantages and disadvantages of traditional hydrocarbon diluents are compared with chlorinated diluents, chlorinated and fluorinated diluents, and a number of different types of fluorinated diluents. Developing trends for teh use of fluorinated diluents in solvent extraction processes are discussed. This article should provide assistance to researchers investigating new or improved solvent extraction processes where traditional hydrocarbon diluents may not be appropriate.
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| 7. |
- Ekberg, Christian, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Determining Stability Constants Using the AKUFVE Technique
- 2019
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Ingår i: Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0736-6299 .- 1532-2262. ; 37:3-4, s. 213-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The AKUFVE techniques were developed by Rydberg and co-workers in the 1960s. The main aim was to be able to perform a series of liquid-liquid extraction data varying one or more parameters and at the same time achieve very pure phases. As such, this technique was later used for short-lived isotope studies in the SISAK system, but also as a standalone unit for a large number of thermodynamic studies of extraction systems both for fundamental understanding as well as more applied investigations. In this paper, the apparatus with modifications made over the decades is described. In addition, studies with stability constant determinations for the zirconium-water-acetylacetone system as well as lanthanide extraction using bromodecanoic acid are exemplified to demonstrate the potential use of the technique. The results shown clearly demonstrate the versatility and ability of the AKUFVE system.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ekberg, Christian, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2019
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Ingår i: Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0736-6299 .- 1532-2262. ; 37:3-4, s. 211-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Halleröd, Jenny, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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On the Basic Extraction Properties of a Phenyl Trifluoromethyl Sulfone-Based GANEX System Containing CyMe4-BTBP and TBP
- 2018
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Ingår i: Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0736-6299 .- 1532-2262. ; 36:4, s. 360-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Grouped ActiNide EXtraction (GANEX) process for the extraction of actinides from used nuclear fuel for transmutation purposes has been investigated. The studied solvent consists of phenyl trifluoromethyl sulfone (FS-13), CyMe4-BTBP, and TBP, a combination that has previously shown promising results. The time to reach extraction equilibrium for the system has been found to be less than 20 min. A 2:1 complex has been found between CyMe4-BTBP and americium(III) or curium(III), whereas plutonium(IV) and CyMe4-BTBP create a 1:1 complex. The extraction of fission product is low in the system.
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