| 1. |
- Aldenius, Malin
(författare)
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Influence of public bus transport organisation on the introduction of renewable fuel
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0739-8859. ; 69, s. 106-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need to decrease emissions from the transport sector is getting urgent and public transport can play an important role in the transition to low emission fuels. To a large extent, public transport in Europe is provided by regional authorities who controls the traffic to a varying degree, from complete public monopoly to competitive tendering. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyse how the organisation of the public bus transport market influences the introduction of renewable fuels. The focus is on understanding what the motivation is for the use of different organisational forms and what challenges and opportunities the authorities in a region encounter during the introduction of renewable fuels. Interviews with authorities in ten Swedish public transport regions show that when functional requirements are used in competitive tendering it will exclusively result in the cheapest renewable fuel available. Thus, if new fuels or technologies should be able to enter the market, either it will be necessary for regional authorities to take more control using specific requirements or publicly management, or the national government must introduce policy instruments that enable new renewable fuels to become competitive on the market.
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| 2. |
- Alexandersson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Coopetition between commercial and subsidized railway services : The case of the greater Stockholm region
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1875-7979 .- 0739-8859. ; 69:SI, s. 349-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important ingredient of the Swedish railway system is the increased involvement of public actors in the provision of local and regional railway services. The local and regional railway services show the strongest growth of all market segments in the Swedish passenger railway market. The strong growth is due both to changes in travel patterns and improved subsidized railway services. One important factor in the success of the regional public transport authorities’ (PTA) railway services is the redefinition of the scope of these railway services by interconnecting regional railway networks into bigger entities.In 2017, nearly all local and regional railway services in Sweden's most populated region, Mälardalen, became part of a network of railway services subsidized by the PTAs in the greater region. We analyse the cooperative and competitive interactions between the stakeholders in the greater region using the key concepts in the theory of hybrid organizations. We find that despite moving towards a unified public transport market covering many counties the hybrid organizations use different governance structures and have different principles for sharing value creation. The closer cooperation paradoxically enhances competition in the regional railway market, both between subsidized travel cards and between subsidized and commercial railway services.
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| 3. |
- Alexandersson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial: Thredbo 15 conference
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1875-7979 .- 0739-8859. ; 69:SI, s. 3-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This volume of Research in Transportation Economics collects the workshop reports as well as the best papers presented at the 15th International Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport (the Thredbo Series) held in Stockholm, Sweden in 2017. The 15th conference in the series followed in the footsteps of previous conferences by bringing together academics, government officials, consultants, policy makers, politicians, students and public transport operators to review trends in ownership and competition issues in public transport. It was attended by a record number of well over 200 delegates from 31 countries and involved 130 papers. The conference included eight workshops (of which one was split in two). For the first time, the theme of Mobility as a Service had its own workshop.
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| 4. |
- Alexandersson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid markets in public transport – contract design, performance and conflicts
- 2020
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1875-7979 .- 0739-8859. ; 83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nearly all regional public bus services in Sweden have been competitively tendered for 30 years. The way to perform tenders has undergone significant changes since the first tenders were carried out in the late 1980s. The most important changes are: 1) pure gross cost contracts have been replaced with contracts that include bonus and malus clauses to safeguard the quality of the service or contracts with passenger incentives; 2) bundling of bus lines into larger networks; 3) requirements on operators to provide buses that use specific types of fuel, for example electricity or gas; and 4) bundling of bus and railway services into one contract. The case in Sweden for using incentives based on the number of passengers is to a high extent motivated by a national goal to double the market for regional public transportation and is partly motivated as a way to solve practical problems encountered by the PTAs. Building on previous research, the goal of this paper is to explore and compare how the contract design in tendered regional bus services in Sweden influences performance in terms of costs, passenger growth, and on the frequency of major conflicts between the contracting parties. The economic performance and other effects of the different contract types are measured using a database on all Sweden's regional bus services, collected by the government agency Transport Analysis, and national data on public bus services published annually by the same agency. The conflict aspects are studied using the annual reports of the PTAs procuring the bus services.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Almotairi, Badi, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Information flows supporting hinterland transportation by rail: Applications in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0739-8859. ; 33:1, s. 15-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses how information and communication technology (ICT) is used to support the hinterland transport of maritime containers. It focuses on the way information is conveyed between actors using an ICT facility structure, and how integrative information is used by different partners’ information systems to make different transport operations more efficient and to offer improved service. The analysis includes the identification of the actor network and the management components in line with supply chain management perspectives. To support this analysis, a conceptual model showing the relationship between integrative information and integrative technology was constructed and related to business processes and an ICT maturity model found in the literature. Interviews were conducted with actors involved in Swedish hinterland rail transport. The information flows were mapped and the analysis shows that while the current level of integration and ICT maturity is fairly low, several actors are currently modernising their systems. Their main motivation is to reduce the administrative task load, and at the same time achieve better supply chain integration. The actors are focused on their own tasks and do not see the advantages of advanced integration of the information flows. The risk is identified that the IT level is increasing faster than business integration processes between the companies, which might lead to inefficiencies.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Matts, et al.
(författare)
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A method for measuring and valuing transport time variability in logistics and cost benefit analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979. ; 66, s. 59-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The freight transport system is subject to delays and disturbances, which influence investment and planning decisions made by governments and infrastructure authorities. Traditionally relying on Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) they are dependent on correct and up-to-date input data. So far, little success has been reached in estimating the effects of disturbances for freight. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of disturbances in freight transport by reviewing and classifying the effects occurring due to transport time variability (TTV) and to suggest a calculation model to estimate the value of transport time variability (VTTV). In order to validate the model and its usability it was successfully tested in a case study for a large Swedish retail company. The effects of delays can be divided into four main types: System Killers, Catastrophic Events, Expected Risks, and Contingencies, of which the last two are relevant for VTTV. The model applies these in a two-step cost function with a fixed and variable part, building on previous studies of VTW for passenger transport based on the scheduling utility approach. A main theoretical result is that the estimation of VTTV is derived mathematically independently of which measure that is chosen for the quantification of TTV.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Matts, et al.
(författare)
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Transaction and transition costs during the deregulation of the Swedish Railway market
- 2016
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : JAI Press Ltd. - 0739-8859. ; 59, s. 349-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The research on regulatory reform has identified and measured three types of costs associated with the shift from monopoly to competition: transaction costs, misalignment costs and transition costs. In this article we use a case study approach to measure and compare these costs during the deregulation of the Swedish railway system from 2000-2015. Our case studies confirm earlier research that vertical separation and the introduction of competition in the railway markets result in comparatively small direct transaction costs. Extraordinary transaction costs in the form of interrupted contracts are also a minor problem for the railway system as a whole but might create major problems for the affected region. Our research concurs with earlier research on the British railway system and a CER study that misalignment costs seem to be significantly bigger and more troublesome to handle than direct transaction costs. Railway maintenance costs in Sweden using competitive tenders are increasing four to five times faster than railway operations with no measurable improvement in performance. Transition costs have been and continue to be important in the deregulated Swedish railway system. First, procrastination in the form of delayed changes in the allocation of train paths results in misalignment costs that seem to be growing. Second, adjustment costs in the form of handouts to the former monopolist have been ten times higher than the costs for interrupted contracts.
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| 9. |
- Asplund, Disa, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal fares and frequencies for bus services in a small city
- 2019
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979. ; 80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper evaluates the welfare effects of optimizing bus service fares and frequencies in small cities by modeling street congestion and crowding in public transport vehicles. The model is calibrated to the Swedish city of Uppsala. A simple demand model is used. Sensitivity analyses suggest that this is sufficient for representing important welfare effects. The results indicate that there would be large, robust welfare gains from reducing public transport supply in Uppsala, especially in the outer zone of the city where reductions of supply would be large compared to the current situation. The welfare gains from adjusting fares would be smaller.
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| 10. |
- Beckers, Joris, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Logistics-as-a-Service to integrate the consumer into urban freight
- 2023
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - 0739-8859. ; 101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- E-commerce established the consumer as a freight actor. This new reality in the e-commerce supply chain holds economic, social, and environmental opportunities. First, logistics service providers can capitalize on the willingness to pay of consumers with tailored logistics services. Second, consumers can be confronted with the correct costs of delivery options, raising awareness and influencing their choices' sustainability. Third, policymakers can steer the consumer directly, nudging their behaviour to reach urban freight policy objectives. Until now, the lack of interaction between the logistics service provider and the consumer prevented exploiting these opportunities. In this paper, we look at passenger transport, specifically the concept of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), for inspiration on how to integrate the consumer into the logistics market. We propose conceptualizations for a Logistics-as-a-Service (LaaS) platform with different levels of integration and discuss the role of various stakeholders. We conclude with a suite of research questions that deserve attention to develop further the LaaS idea and its proof of concept for consumer logistics.
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