| 1. |
- Alexandersson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Coopetition between commercial and subsidized railway services : The case of the greater Stockholm region
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1875-7979 .- 0739-8859. ; 69:SI, s. 349-359
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important ingredient of the Swedish railway system is the increased involvement of public actors in the provision of local and regional railway services. The local and regional railway services show the strongest growth of all market segments in the Swedish passenger railway market. The strong growth is due both to changes in travel patterns and improved subsidized railway services. One important factor in the success of the regional public transport authorities’ (PTA) railway services is the redefinition of the scope of these railway services by interconnecting regional railway networks into bigger entities.In 2017, nearly all local and regional railway services in Sweden's most populated region, Mälardalen, became part of a network of railway services subsidized by the PTAs in the greater region. We analyse the cooperative and competitive interactions between the stakeholders in the greater region using the key concepts in the theory of hybrid organizations. We find that despite moving towards a unified public transport market covering many counties the hybrid organizations use different governance structures and have different principles for sharing value creation. The closer cooperation paradoxically enhances competition in the regional railway market, both between subsidized travel cards and between subsidized and commercial railway services.
|
|
| 2. |
- Alexandersson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Editorial: Thredbo 15 conference
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1875-7979 .- 0739-8859. ; 69:SI, s. 3-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This volume of Research in Transportation Economics collects the workshop reports as well as the best papers presented at the 15th International Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport (the Thredbo Series) held in Stockholm, Sweden in 2017. The 15th conference in the series followed in the footsteps of previous conferences by bringing together academics, government officials, consultants, policy makers, politicians, students and public transport operators to review trends in ownership and competition issues in public transport. It was attended by a record number of well over 200 delegates from 31 countries and involved 130 papers. The conference included eight workshops (of which one was split in two). For the first time, the theme of Mobility as a Service had its own workshop.
|
|
| 3. |
- Alexandersson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Hybrid markets in public transport – contract design, performance and conflicts
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1875-7979 .- 0739-8859. ; 83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nearly all regional public bus services in Sweden have been competitively tendered for 30 years. The way to perform tenders has undergone significant changes since the first tenders were carried out in the late 1980s. The most important changes are: 1) pure gross cost contracts have been replaced with contracts that include bonus and malus clauses to safeguard the quality of the service or contracts with passenger incentives; 2) bundling of bus lines into larger networks; 3) requirements on operators to provide buses that use specific types of fuel, for example electricity or gas; and 4) bundling of bus and railway services into one contract. The case in Sweden for using incentives based on the number of passengers is to a high extent motivated by a national goal to double the market for regional public transportation and is partly motivated as a way to solve practical problems encountered by the PTAs. Building on previous research, the goal of this paper is to explore and compare how the contract design in tendered regional bus services in Sweden influences performance in terms of costs, passenger growth, and on the frequency of major conflicts between the contracting parties. The economic performance and other effects of the different contract types are measured using a database on all Sweden's regional bus services, collected by the government agency Transport Analysis, and national data on public bus services published annually by the same agency. The conflict aspects are studied using the annual reports of the PTAs procuring the bus services.
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Matts, et al.
(författare)
-
A method for measuring and valuing transport time variability in logistics and cost benefit analysis
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979. ; 66, s. 59-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The freight transport system is subject to delays and disturbances, which influence investment and planning decisions made by governments and infrastructure authorities. Traditionally relying on Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) they are dependent on correct and up-to-date input data. So far, little success has been reached in estimating the effects of disturbances for freight. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of disturbances in freight transport by reviewing and classifying the effects occurring due to transport time variability (TTV) and to suggest a calculation model to estimate the value of transport time variability (VTTV). In order to validate the model and its usability it was successfully tested in a case study for a large Swedish retail company. The effects of delays can be divided into four main types: System Killers, Catastrophic Events, Expected Risks, and Contingencies, of which the last two are relevant for VTTV. The model applies these in a two-step cost function with a fixed and variable part, building on previous studies of VTW for passenger transport based on the scheduling utility approach. A main theoretical result is that the estimation of VTTV is derived mathematically independently of which measure that is chosen for the quantification of TTV.
|
|
| 5. |
- Asplund, Disa, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimal fares and frequencies for bus services in a small city
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979. ; 80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper evaluates the welfare effects of optimizing bus service fares and frequencies in small cities by modeling street congestion and crowding in public transport vehicles. The model is calibrated to the Swedish city of Uppsala. A simple demand model is used. Sensitivity analyses suggest that this is sufficient for representing important welfare effects. The results indicate that there would be large, robust welfare gains from reducing public transport supply in Uppsala, especially in the outer zone of the city where reductions of supply would be large compared to the current situation. The welfare gains from adjusting fares would be smaller.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bekius, Femke, et al.
(författare)
-
Collaboration patterns in the Dutch railway sector : Using game concepts to compare different outcomes in a unique development case
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979. ; 69, s. 360-368
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decision-making on changes to large infrastructural systems is complex. It involves many actors, the system shows unpredictable behaviour and the environment in which decision-making takes place is dynamic. In a unique development case of the Dutch railway sector two decision-making processes regarding the same issue are performed in two consecutive years. Although, from a technical perspective, the elements of the processes are similar, the decisions in each year are different. In this paper, we use game concepts to explain the different outcomes. Other frequently adopted decision-based models that focus on the technical perspective do not distinguish between both processes. Game concepts are able to reveal the hidden actor and context dynamics of the process and provide action perspective. To identify the game concepts present in the decision-making process, we first consider whether these concepts are mentioned in interviews with decision-makers in our case. Thereafter, we interpret the processes using the identified game concepts. The fact that, in the second year, more external issues are discussed and pressure increased created room for another decision.
|
|
| 7. |
- Björklund, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Critical factors for viable business models for urban consolidation centres
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979. ; 64, s. 36-47
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Although urban consolidation centres (UCC) worldwide have improved urban freight distribution and reduced externalities, other UCC initiatives have not materialised due to problems such as for example, business model limitations. All the same, researchers have rarely described business model components relevant to city logistics. In response, the purpose of this article is to analyse critical factors for viable business models of city logistics initiatives involving UCCs. Following an extensive literature review and multiple-case study of five initiatives with UCCs, we identified seven critical factors of viable city logistics business models: the ability to scale up and down the UCC solution; an ability to continuously develop and adapt to a dynamic environment; the important entrepreneurial role of the initiator as well; the acknowledgment of society; ability to innovate new services; logistics and supply chain management competence; and the ability to take full advantage of advanced IT. All seven factors describe continuously redeveloped business models seeking to seize new and unexpected opportunities, yet also indicate that city logistics systems require local authorities and municipalities to act as initiators, enablers, and customers. The models also underscore differences between purely commercial and purely municipal city logistics initiatives.
|
|
| 8. |
- Börjesson, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Land-use impacts in transport appraisal
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979. ; 47, s. 82-91
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Standard cost-benefit analysis (CBA) does not take into account induced demand due to relocation triggered by infrastructure investments. Using an integrated transport and land-use model calibrated for the Stockholm region, we explore whether this has any significant impact on the CBA outcome, and in particular on the relative ranking of rail and road investments. Our results indicate that induced demand has a larger impact on the benefit of rail investments than on the benefit of road investments. The effect on the relative ranking is still limited for two reasons. First, the number of houses that are built over 20 30 years is limited in comparison to the size of the existing housing stock. Second, the location of most of the new houses is not affected by any single infrastructure investment, since the latter has a marginal effect on total accessibility in a city with a mature transport system. A second aim of this paper is to investigate the robustness of the relative CBA ranking of rail and road investments, with respect to the planning policy in the region 25 years ahead. While the results suggest that this ranking is surprisingly robust, there is a tendency that the net benefit of rail investments is more sensitive to the future planning policy than road investments. Our results also underscore that the future land-use planning in the region in general has a considerably stronger impact on accessibility and car use than individual road or rail investments have.
|
|
| 9. |
- Camén, Carolina, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Dominating factors contributing to the high(er) costs for public bus transports in Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979. ; 59, s. 292-296
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of what are the underlying reasons for the increasing cost of public transport in general and bus services in particular in a Swedish context. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with managers at the bus operators as well as the authority organizations. This paper contributes by identifying nine categories that can be the dominating factors behind the increasing costs of public bus services in Sweden.The identified categories of cost drivers are; of traffic appearance (peak times), greening of buses, age requirements, the contract period, the accessibility customization, special requirements on buses, collective agreements (working time regulation), tendering and contracting process, and finally, counterproductive political governance. It can be concluded that many of the cost drivers originate from the circumstances of the process of public procurement, such as different demands for different regions in Sweden as well as the trade-off between the bus operators' wishes for higher flexibility in the contracts and the traffic authorities' fear of more risks and thereby higher bids in the end.
|
|
| 10. |
- Camén, Carolina, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Flexibility in contract design - is that possible?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979. ; 83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public procurement is widely used in order to incorporate competition into public services. Competition in procurement often leads to efficiency but the process can also raise some problems. While providing the procurement documents you do not know who will be your upcoming partner. Another aspect is how flexibility can be managed in contract design while maintaining a high service quality. The aim of this study is twofold. Firstly, the aim is to investigate how flexibility has been expressed and historically described in bus tendering documents. Secondly, to explore how the actors define or describe flexibility and its importance in tendering. Data was collected from ten years of tendering documents in the bus sector in Sweden and from interviews and a workshop. The results showed that flexibility in tendering documents has been and still is low for the operators. However, the actors wish for more flexibility and new forms of contracts can make it easier to include higher degrees of flexibility in future contracts. The paper contributes to the ongoing discussion about how to design contracts and to manage flexibility. The study has potential to create knowledge and contribute to better decision making for future procurement of bus transport.
|
|
