| 1. |
- Ceccato, Vania, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of rural areas : an assessment of clusters of employment in Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 18:1, s. 49-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are numerous examples in the empirically based literature, which argue in favour of the importance of firms' agglomeration in space as a way of creating and sustaining economic competitive advantages. One way to identify the degree of agglomeration of economic activity is through identification of the trends in clustering patterns relating to employment. The objective of this paper is thus to investigate patterns of clustering in both traditional and modern branches of the economy for two Swedish rural study regions (two leading areas and two lagging ones), assessing their location in relation to national economic dynamics. Standardised Employment Rates (SERs) are calculated and mapped using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for thirty-seven economic branches. The Getis-Ord statistic is used to identify clusters of employment. The findings show that the study areas are to different degrees included in most of the clusters of the traditional branches, but not in a uniform way. Well performing areas often tend to be included in clusters composed of traditional private businesses, whilst lagging areas tend to be part of clusters in which the public sector is responsible for employment. This is particularly so in the sparsely populated areas of North Sweden. Most of the robust clusters relating to the modern branches of the economy are concentrated in the larger urban areas of Sweden, though in some cases, also in other larger regional urban centres. The most surprising result was perhaps that clusters of employment within such modern branches are relatively over-represented in certain parts of some lagging areas. A fact that may reflect the effects of regional policy measures on the decentralisation of R&D and post secondary education. Maps showing SERs and patterns of employment using clustering analysis often reflect the boundaries of functional regions, the degree of economic specialisation. and the dynamism of a region in a national context. All or which suggests that such a methodology can be utilised in the new toolbox designed to help aid the process of regional policy programme evaluations.
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| 2. |
- Dahlström, Margareta, 1958-
(författare)
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Young women in a male periphery : experiences from the Scandinavian north
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 12:3, s. 259-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with the migration of young women from rural areas in northern Scandinavia. The way from adolescence to adulthood is discussed and the notionof a male periphery is presented. An attempt is made to shift focus in studies ofrural youth migration. The emphasis here is on the socially constructed space thatthe young women leave. Is one reason behind the rural migration pattern to be foundin the male periphery? The periphery is dominated by male economic and leisureactivities. Women in the rural areas are less visible, and their activities arenot as valued as the male activities. Young men tend to follow in the footstepof their fathers, while young rural women break with the mothers on their lifepaths. There are few modern role models for the daughters in the periphery. Astudy of young women and men in Troms county in northern Norway is used toillustrate the women's paths from adolescence to adult life. Young women inrural Troms do, to a much larger extent than the young rural men, take highereducation. They have ambitions of highly qualified jobs, either in towns or intheir home localities. The young rural women break new ground by continuing inhigher education. The young men run the risk of being left behind as losers.
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| 3. |
- Abraham, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
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Crime and safety in rural areas : A systematic review of the English-language literature 1980-2020
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 94, s. 250-273
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the nature and frequency of crimes and people's safety perceptions in rural areas using a systematic review of the literature. It explores four decades of English-language publications on crime and safety in rural areas from several major databases; mainly Scopus, JSTOR and ScienceDirect. The number of retrieved documents was 840, of which 410 were selected for in-depth analysis and their topics later categorized by theme. We found that rural crime research took off after the mid-1980s and experienced an increase during the 2010s. Despite the domination by North American, British and Australian scholarship, studies from other parts of the world (including the Global South) are increasingly being published as well. Publications on rural crime patterns (e.g., farm crime) compose over one-fifth of the reviewed literature. This together with rural policing/criminal justice and violence constitute the three largest themes in rural criminology research. With ever-increasing links between the local and the global, this review article advocates for tailored multilevel responses to rural crimes that, more than ever, are generated by processes far beyond their localities.
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| 4. |
- Alobo Loison, Sarah
(författare)
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Household Livelihood Diversification and Gender: Panel Evidence from Rural Kenya
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0743-0167. ; 69, s. 156-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are high hopes that livelihood diversification could contribute to goals of poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study uses household panel data collected in 2008 and 2013, combined with a mixed methodology to examine the regional and gender disparities, as well as the determinants of change in livelihood diversification in the regions of Nyeri and Kakamega in rural Kenya. The study period was characterised by important structural changes in the composition and sources of household cash incomes. More specifically, farm incomes declined significantly, pushing female headed households into absolute poverty. Whereas nonfarm income share in total household cash incomes increased significantly, especially in Kakamega. The econometric results show that whether or not household fixed effects are included, there is a positive and significant relationship between changes in household asset wealth and changes in livelihood diversification, implying that diversification is mainly an accumulation strategy for wealthier farm households. Increase in livelihood diversification was also determined by the initial level of diversification, household demographic characteristics such as age, gender (being female), education level and hiring labour. In contrast, increased access to agricultural input credit and more secure land rights seemed to promote specialisation in farming rather than diversification. Finally, food security indicators had a positive and significant effect on change in livelihood diversification. The results have implications for development policy in rural Kenya – highlighting the need to harness the positive aspects of livelihood diversification for poverty reduction, while reducing the negative effects on poorer households by reducing asset entry barriers into remunerative activities.
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| 5. |
- Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes
(författare)
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Translocal livelihoods research and the household in the Global South – A gendered perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0743-0167. ; 86, s. 16-23
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article combines perspectives from feminist agricultural economics and agrarian feminist Marxism to conceptualize the spatial process of translocality from a gender perspective arguing for the resurrection of the household as a unit of study in the context of translocality. Engendering the emerging field of translocal livelihoods research requires understanding the household both as a process, but also as an institution that upholds patriarchal control over resources and gender based norms, in relation to its members as well as the broader community. Gender roles may be renegotiated as a result of translocality but they occur in contexts that uphold broader patriarchal norms. The material, social and emotional bases for engaging in processes of translocal householding and re-negotiating gender roles differ, in relation to the livelihood options of particular households, but also with respect to broader social and economic processes.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Elina, et al.
(författare)
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Gambling in the garden: Pesticide use and risk exposure in Ugandan smallholder farming
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0743-0167. ; 82, s. 76-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use and promotion of pesticides is on the increase in many sub-Saharan African countries, including in the smallholder sector. This paper stems from placed-based research in Uganda and aims at advancing current knowledge on smallholder farmers' motivations for pesticide use, the extent and character of such use, as well as on lived experiences regarding the impacts of pesticides. Data was generated through a household survey, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with farmers, complemented by field observations and interviews with local agricultural actors. Conceptually, we draw on political ecology to link local practice to broader conditions and processes and their social-environmental outcomes. Our findings demonstrate that a large majority of farmers have resorted to pesticides as their primary strategy for pest control. Current practices entail substantial human health and environmental risks which tend to be socially differentiated, including along gender lines. Many farmers are concerned about the impacts and uncertainties surrounding pesticides, but face numerous barriers to behavioral change. While intensifying pest pressure is one such immediate barrier, our findings also suggest that deep structural forces shape farmers' adoption of pesticides and prevent adequate protective measures. Rapid market liberalization combined with poor regulation enforcement have resulted in widespread promotion of agro-chemicals and a large informal market for cheap, poor-quality products, including counterfeits. Low public spending on the agricultural sector, a malfunctioning extension system and systematic lack of development and promotion of strategies not centered on synthetic pesticides furthermore severely constrain farmers’ access to support on, and indeed options for, pest control. This lacking capacity and effort to adequately protect smallholders from pesticide exposure and ensure their ability to make informed decisions on pest management clearly places the burden of risk disproportionately on an already vulnerable group.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Rural to urban long-distance commuting in Sweden : Trends, characteristics and pathways
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 59, s. 67-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rise of ICT and the shift toward jobs with more flexibility in working hours and places of work sparked popular debates about potential for a ‘rural renaissance’. A key argument was that there are increasing possibilities to live in the countryside while being employed in large cities. This paper uses data spanning two decades to examine trends in and characteristics of employee–employer ties between rural and urban areas in Sweden. Our main results suggest that rural-to-urban long-distance commuting is rapidly increasing, but not as fast as commuting flows elsewhere. Compared to the rural population at large, rural residents working in large cities constitute a strongly selected group of workers who are well paid, have long educations, are young and also have advanced knowledge-intensive occupations. Only about 30 percent of those who become rural-to-urban long-distance commuters have moved from urban areas; the vast majority constitute those who already lived in rural areas before starting to commute to urban areas. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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| 9. |
- Arora Jonsson, Seema, et al.
(författare)
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Lives in limbo : Migrant integration and rural governance in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 82, s. 19-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two long-term trends characterized the response to the influx of asylum seekers in rural Sweden in 2015. First, a result of current policy-making on integration policy, is the focus increasingly focussed on individual immigrants, especially in relation to education, employment and housing provided the framework for the response. Second, the shift of rural governance from state control to collaborative arrangements with nonstate actors, enabled the unprecedented involvement of civil society in the reception and integration of asylum-seekers in rural areas. The consequences of the confluence of these two approaches are most visible in rural areas. In this paper, we explore the new landscape of collaborative governance in relation to migrant reception and integration and ask: what kind of space for maneuver might be available for migrants in the context of collaborative governance of integration in rural Europe? We argue that the new context of rural governance in tandem with integration policies focusing on individual migrants/ families rather than also considering group and ethnic belongings can leave newcomers at the mercy of an informal and unknown institutional terrain of collaborative governance, one that can exacerbate their vulnerability and lead to a situation of “double isolation”- from co-ethnic networks as well as from local society.
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| 10. |
- Arvidsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Pigs as a shortcut to money? Social traps in smallholder pig production in northern Uganda
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 94, s. 319-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent decades have seen a growing market for pork in Uganda. The government and donors have promoted pig rearing as a potential route out of poverty for poor smallholders. The idea is that upscaling and commercialisation of smallholder pig production can be a successful way out of poverty. Drawing on the concepts of trust and social traps, this article describes how pig production fails as a pathway out of poverty in post-conflict communities in northern Uganda due to tensions created by the focus on individual wealth creation. Results from ethnographic fieldwork reveal that there is a strong moral obligation in the studied communities for individuals who fare better to contribute to the community and share their wealth. Social tensions remaining from the period of conflict are stoked by the focus on individual wealth creation in pig production, resulting in acts of harming, stealing and killing other people's pigs. Locally these acts are said to be caused by “jealousy”, which for many smallholders is a more significant problem than disease in pig production. The findings suggest that poverty reduction measures would be more successful if they focused on distributed approaches aimed at raising the general level of welfare in communities and supporting the collective rather than the individual
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