| 1. |
- Frumence, Gasto, et al.
(författare)
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Access to social capital and risk of HIV infectionin Bukoba urban district, Kagera region, Tanzania
- 2014
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Ingår i: Archives of Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 72:38, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Kagera is one of the 22 regions of Tanzania mainland, which has witnessed a decline in HIV prevalence during the past two decades; decreasing from 24% in 1987 to 4.7 in 2009 in the urban district of Bukoba. Access to social capital, both structural and cognitive, might have played a role in this development. The aim was to examine the association between individual structural and cognitive social capital and socio-economic characteristics and the likelihood of being HIV infected.METHODS:We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 3586 participants, of which 3423 (95%) agreed to test for HIV following pre-test counseling. The HIV testing was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody detection tests. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the impact of socio-economic factors, individual structural and cognitive social capital and HIV sero-status.RESULTS:Individuals who had access to low levels of both structural and cognitive individual social capital were four and three times more likely to be HIV positive compared to individuals who had access to high levels. The associations remained statistically significant for both individual structural and cognitive social capital after adjusting for potential confounding factors such as age, sex, marital status, occupation, level of education and wealth index (OR =8.6, CI: 5.7-13.0 and OR =2.4, CI: 1.6-3.5 for individual structural and cognitive social capital respectively). For both women and men access to high levels of individual structural and cognitive social capital decreased the risk of being HIV infected. This study confirms previous qualitative studies indicating that access to structural and cognitive social capital is protective to HIV infection.CONCLUSIONS:We suggest that policy makers and programme managers of HIV interventions may consider strengthening and facilitating access to social capital as a way of promoting HIV preventive information and interventions in order to reduce new HIV infections in Tanzania.
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| 2. |
- Stenevi-Lundgren, S., et al.
(författare)
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The increase in physical performance and gain in lean and fat mass occur in prepubertal children independent of mode of school transportation. One year data from the prospective controlled Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Archives of Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 67:2, s. 88-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this 12-month study in pre-pubertal children was to evaluate the effect of school transportation on gain in lean and fat mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Methods: Ninety-seven girls and 133 boys aged 7-9 years from the Malmö Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention Study were included. Regional lean and fat mass were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, isokinetic peak torque of knee extensors and flexors by a computerised dynamometer and physical performance by vertical jump height. Level of physical activity was assessed by accelerometers. The 12-month changes in children who walked or cycled to school were compared with changes in those who travelled by bus or car. Results: There were no differences in baseline or annual changes in lean or fat mass gain, muscle strength or physical performance between the two groups. All children reached the internationally recommended level of 60 minutes per day of moderate or high physical activity by accelerometers. Conclusion: The choice of school transportation in pre-pubertal children seems not to influence the gain in lean and fat mass, muscle strength or functional ability, probably as the everyday physical activity is so high that the mode of school transportation contributes little to the total level of activity.
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| 3. |
- Hellström, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding and defining bullying - adolescents' own views
- 2015
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Ingår i: Archives of Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 73, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe negative consequences of peer-victimization on children and adolescents are major public health concerns which have been subjected to extensive research. Given all efforts made to analyze and estimate the social and health consequences of peer-victimization, the adolescents' own experiences and understandings have had surprisingly little impact on the definition of bullying. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to explore adolescents' definitions of bullying.MethodsA questionnaire study (n = 128) and four focus group interviews (n = 21) were conducted among students aged 13 and 15. First, gender and age differences were analyzed with respect to what behaviors are considered bullying (questionnaire data). Second, analysis of what bullying is (focus group interviews) was conducted using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe adolescents own understanding and definition of bullying didn't just include the traditional criteria of repetition and power imbalance, but also a criterion based on the health consequences of bullying. The results showed that a single but hurtful or harmful incident also could be considered bullying irrespective of whether the traditional criteria were fulfilled or not. Further, girls and older students had a more inclusive view of bullying and reported more types of behaviors as bullying compared to boys and younger students.ConclusionsThe results of the current study adds to the existing literature by showing that adolescents consider the victim's experience of hurt and harm as a criterion for defining bullying and not only as consequences of bullying. This may be of special relevance for the identification and classification of bullying incidents on the internet where devastating consequences have been reported from single incidents and the use of the traditional criteria of intent, repetition and power imbalance may not be as relevant as for traditional bullying. It implies that the traditional criteria included in most definitions of bullying may not fully reflect adolescents' understanding and definition of bullying. Assessments of bullying behaviors that ask adolescents to strictly adhere to the traditional definition of bullying might not identify all adolescents experiencing peer victimization and therefore not provide estimates of prevalence rates reflecting adolescents' own understanding of bullying.
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| 4. |
- Nordin, Steven, et al.
(författare)
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The environmental hypersensitivity symptom inventory : metric properties and normative data from a population-based study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Archives of Public Health. - : BioMed Central Ltd.. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 71:18, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: High concomitant intolerance attributed to odorous/pungent chemicals, certain buildings, electromagnetic fields (EMF), and everyday sounds calls for a questionnaire instrument that can assess symptom prevalence in various environmental intolerances. The Environmental Hypersensitivity Symptom Inventory (EHSI) was therefore developed and metrically evaluated, and normative data were established. The EHSI consists of 34 symptom items, requires limited time to respond to, and provides a detailed and broad description of the individual's symptomology.METHODS: Data from 3406 individuals who took part in the Vasterbotten Environmental Health Study were used. The participants constitute a random sample of inhabitants in the county of Vasterbotten in Sweden, aged 18 to 79 years, stratified for age and gender.RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis identified five significant factors: airway symptoms (9 items; Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 coefficient, KR-20, of internal consistency = 0.74), skin and eye symptoms (6 items; KR-20 = 0.60), cardiac, dizziness and nausea symptoms (4 items; KR-20 = 0.55), head-related and gastrointestinal symptoms (5 items; KR-20 = 0.55), and cognitive and affective symptoms (10 items; KR-20 = 0.80). The KR-20 was 0.85 for the entire 34-item EHSI. Symptom prevalence rates in percentage for having the specific symptoms every week over the preceding three months constitute normative data.CONCLUSIONS: The EHSI can be recommended for assessment of symptom prevalence in various types of environmental hypersensitivity, and with the advantage of comparing prevalence rates with normality.
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| 5. |
- Ruano, Ana Lorena, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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‘It’s the sense of responsibility that keeps you going’ : stories and experiences of participation from rural community health workers in Guatemala
- 2012
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Ingår i: Archives of Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 70, s. 18-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In 1978, the Alma-Ata declaration on primary health care (PHC) recognized that the world’s healthissues required more than just hospital-based and physician-centered policies. The declaration called for a paradigmchange that would allow governments to provide essential care to their population in a universally acceptablemanner. The figure of the community health worker (CHW) remains a central feature of participation within thePHC approach, and being a CHW is still considered to be an important way of participation within the healthsystem.Methods: This study explores how the values and personal motivation of community health workers influencestheir experience with this primary health care strategy in in the municipality of Palencia, Guatemala. To do this, weused an ethnographic approach and collected data in January-March of 2009 and 2010 by using participantobservation and in-depth interviews.Results: We found that the CHWs in the municipality had a close working relationship with the mobile health teamand with the community, and that their positions allowed them to develop leadership and teamwork skills that mayprove useful in other community participation processes. The CHWs are motivated in their work and volunteerism is akey value in Palencia, but there is a lack of infrastructure and growth opportunities.Conclusion: Attention should be paid to keeping the high levels of commitment and integration within the healthteam as well as keeping up supervision and economic funds for the program.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Vanaelst, B, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of negative life events and chronic adversities in European pre- and primary-school children: results from the IDEFICS study.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Archives of Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 70:22, s. 1-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Children are not always recognized as being susceptible to stress, although childhood stressors may originate from multiple events in their everyday surroundings with negative effects on children's health. METHODS: As there is a lack of large-scale, European prevalence data on childhood adversities, this study presents the prevalence of (1) negative life events and (2) familial and social adversities in 4637 European pre- and primary-school children (4--11 years old), using a parentally-reported questionnaire embedded in the IDEFICS project ('Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS'). RESULTS: The following findings were observed: (1) Certain adversities occur only rarely, while others are very regular (i.e. parental divorce); (2) A large percentage of children is shielded from stressors, while a small group of children is exposed to multiple, accumulating adversities; (3) The prevalence of childhood adversity is influenced by geographical location (e.g. north versus south), age group and sex; (4) Childhood adversities are associated and co-occur, resulting in potential cumulative childhood stress. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the importance of not only studying traumatic events but also of focusing on the early familial and social environment in childhood stress research and indicated the importance of recording or monitoring childhood adversities.
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| 8. |
- Ahmed, Anisuddin, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of an integrated maternal and neonatal health intervention on maternal healthcare utilisation addressing inequity in Rural Bangladesh
- 2023
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Ingår i: Archives of Public Health. - : Springer Nature. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 81:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although Bangladesh has made significant improvements in maternal, neonatal, and child health, the disparity between rich and poor remains a matter of concern.Objective: The study aimed to increase coverage of skilled maternal healthcare services while minimising the inequity gap among mothers in different socioeconomic groups.Methods: We implemented an integrated maternal and neonatal health (MNH) intervention between 2009 and 2012, in Shahjadpur sub-district of Sirajganj district, Bangladesh. The study was quasi-experimental in design for the evaluation. Socioeconomic status was derived from household assets using principal component analysis. Inequity in maternal healthcare utilisation was calculated using rich-poor ratio and concentration index to determine the changes in inequity between the baseline and the endline time period.Result: The baseline and endline surveys included 3,158 (mean age 23.5 years) and 3,540 (mean age 24.3 years) recently delivered mothers respectively. Reduction in the rich-poor ratio was observed in the utilisation of skilled 4+ antenatal care (ANC) (2.4:1 to 1.1:1) and related concentration index decreased from 0.220 to 0.013 (p < 0.001). The rich-poor ratio for skilled childbirth reduced from 1.7:1 to 1.0:1 and the related concentration index declined from 0.161 to -0.021 (p < 0.001). A similar reduction was also observed in the utilisation of skilled postnatal care (PNC); where the rich-poor gap decreased from 2.5:1 to 1.0:1 and the related concentration index declined from 0.197 to -0.004 (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The MNH intervention was successful in reducing inequity in receiving skilled 4+ ANC, delivery, and PNC in rural Bangladesh.
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| 9. |
- Apitzsch, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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The physical and mental impact of surviving sepsis – a qualitative study of experiences and perceptions among a Swedish sample
- 2021
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Ingår i: Archives of Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 79:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sepsis is a critical illness with high morbidity and mortality rates. Each year, sepsis affects about 48.9 million people all over the world. This study aims to illuminate how sepsis survivors experience sepsis and the impact of sepsis, as well as the health-related quality of life thereafter. Methods: An interview study with eight sepsis survivors was carried out in Sweden with an inductive qualitative method. The data were analyzed with content analysis. Results: Four themes were identified during the analysis; The experience of health care and being a sepsis patient, New circumstances´ impact on life, Family and social interactions, and The psychological impact on life. The lack of information about how sepsis can impact the survivors’ lives and what to expect can lead to prolonged agony. The long recovery time comes as an unexpected and unpleasant surprise to those affected. Initially, the sepsis survivors are almost euphoric that they have survived, which can later lead to chock and trauma when they realize that they could have died. This insight needs to be processed in order to reach reconciliation with life after sepsis. Conclusion: Sepsis has a huge impact on both physical and mental aspects of life. Many survivors suffer from persistent residual symptoms of varying degrees, to which they have to adapt. The sepsis survivors need individually adjusted information about the sepsis recovery trajectory, and what to expect during and after the hospital stay.
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| 10. |
- Bajraktari, Saranda, et al.
(författare)
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Health-promoting and preventive interventions for community-dwelling older people published from inception to 2019 : a scoping review to guide decision making in a Swedish municipality context
- 2020
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Ingår i: Archives of Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 78:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite the promising evidence of health-promoting and preventive interventions for maintaining health among older people, not all interventions can be implemented due to limited resources. Due to the variation of content in the interventions and the breadth of outcomes used to evaluate effects in such interventions, comparisons are difficult and the choice of which interventions to implement is challenging. Therefore, more information, beyond effects, is needed to guide decision-makers. The aim of this review was to investigate, to what degree factors important for decision-making have been reported in the existing health-promoting and preventive interventions literature for community-dwelling older people in the Nordic countries.Methods: This review was guided by the PRISMA-ScR checklist (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews), the methodological steps for scoping reviews described in the Arksey and O ' Malley's framework, and the Medical Research Council's (MRC) guidance on complex interventions. Eligible studies for inclusion were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) concerning health promotion or primary prevention for community-dwelling older people implemented in the Nordic countries. Additionally, all included RCTs were searched for related papers that were reporting on additional factors. Eligible studies were searched in seven databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Academic Search Elite, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, and SPORTDiscus.Results: Eighty-two studies met the inclusion criteria (twenty-seven unique studies and fifty-five related studies). Twelve studies focused on fall prevention, eleven had a health-promoting approach, and four studies focused on preventing disability. All interventions, besides one, reported positive effects on at least one health outcome. Three studies reported data on cost-effectiveness, three on experiences of participants and two conducted feasibility studies. Only one intervention, reported information on all seven factors.Conclusions: All identified studies on health-promoting and preventive interventions for older people evaluated in the Nordic countries report positive effects although the magnitude of effects and number of follow-ups differed substantially. Overall, there was a general lack of studies on feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and experiences of participants, thus, limiting the basis for decision making. Considering all reported factors, promising candidates to be recommended for implementation in a Nordic municipality context are 'Senior meetings', 'preventive home visits' and 'exercise interventions' on its own or combined with other components.
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