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  • Garpenholt, Ö., et al. (författare)
  • Invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae type b during the first six years of general vaccination of Swedish children
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227 .- 0000-0000. ; 89:4, s. 471-474
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Since 1992-93 vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) has been included in the general Swedish childhood vaccination programme. The aim of the present study is to describe the epidemiology, identify and describe vaccine failures and calculate vaccine effectiveness during the first 6 y after introduction of vaccination against Hib. Laboratory reports of blood and cerebrospinal isolates to the Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control were used as the source for identifying the patients. Additional information was subsequently obtained from physicians and parents of children who had developed the disease during the study period. Vaccine failures were identified and vaccine effectiveness calculated. During the study period, 152 cases of invasive H. influenzae were identified in the age group 0-14 y. During the 6-y period, 6 true vaccine failures, 6 apparent vaccine failures and 1 possible vaccine failure were found in nearly two million vaccinated child-years. The effectiveness of the Hib vaccination in the birth cohort of children 1993 to 1997 in Sweden was calculated to be 96.1% (95% confidence interval 94.2-97.5). The study supports earlier studies from several countries that conjugated Hib vaccination introduced in general childhood vaccination programs is effective and substantially decreases suffering from invasive Hib diseases.
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  • Almqvist, Catarina, et al. (författare)
  • Individual maternal and child exposure to antibiotics in hospital : a national population-based validation study
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica: Nurturing the Child. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: Exposure to antibiotics in early life may affect future health. Most antibiotics are prescribed in outpatient care, but inpatient exposure is also important. We estimated how specific diagnoses in hospitals corresponded to individual antibiotic exposure. Methods: All pregnant women and children from birth to five-years-of-age with infectious diseases and common inpatient diagnoses between July 2005 and November 2011were identified from the Swedish National Patient Register. Random samples of individuals from pre-defined groups were drawn and medical records received from the clinics were manually reviewed for antibiotics. Results: Medical records for 4,319 hospital visits were requested and 3,797 (88%) were received. A quarter (25%) of children diagnosed as premature had received antibiotics and in children from one to five-years-of-age, diagnoses associated with bacterial infections were more commonly treated with antibiotics (62.4-90.6%) than those associated with viruses (6.3-22.2%). Pregnant women who had undergone a Caesarean section were more likely to be treated with antibiotics than those who had had a vaginal delivery (40.1% versus 11.1%). Conclusions: This study defines the proportion of new mothers and young children who received individual antibiotic treatment for specific inpatient diagnoses in Sweden and provides a useful basis for future studies focusing on antibiotic use.
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