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- Gooch, Pernille
(författare)
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Van Gujjars: The Persistent Forest Pastoralists
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nomadic Peoples. - 0822-7942. ; 8:2, s. 125-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decade the condition of life has changed in many ways for the pastoral Van Gujjar who have their winter camps in the interior of the forests of the Shiwalik foot hills of Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal in northern India. While the Gujjar in most of northern India are a very large and ethnically as well as religiously diversified population, the pastoral Gujjar in this particular area are all Muslims and constitute a rather homogenous, specialised community based on the production of buffalo milk from pastoralism in state forest. Although most other pastoral communities in the Himalayan region have a village base where they practice agriculture for part of the year, this is not so for the Van Gujjar, who live scattered in temporarily erected huts, made from forest materials, in both their winter and summer pastures in the interior of the forests. During summer they migrate to the spruce forests and alpine meadows of Uttaranchal or to the Shimla hills in Himachal Pradesh. I visited the Gujjar of this area for the first time in 1987 and conducted the main part of my fieldwork among them in 1989-1992. What I found in 1987 was a non-literate, not very well known, pastoral people living with their herds at the periphery of local Indian society. Socially and politically marginalised and heavily exploited by both forest officials and middlemen, they appeared to have all odds against them (Gooch 1992).
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- Konstantinov, Yulian, et al.
(författare)
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The performative machine : Transfer of ownership in a northwest Russian reindeer herding community (Kola Peninsula)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nomadic Peoples. - : Berghahn Journals. - 0822-7942 .- 1752-2366. ; 10:2, s. 166-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article is based on longitudinal fieldwork with reindeer herders in the Kola Peninsula, northwest Russia. Its main ethnographic focus is SKhPK 'Tundra' (sel'sko khoziastvennaia proizvoditel'naia kooperatsiia – agricultural producing cooperative) of Lovozero. The main argument is that a state of communal affairs under the dominance of the state farm (sovkhoz), during the Soviet period, privileged domestic economies of the farm workers to be supported by the collective assets of the farm. The authors see this state of 'private-in-the-collective' arrangement as 'sovkhoism' and view the present variety of rural organisational forms in Russia as greater or lesser departures from it.
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- Zhang, Qian, 1977-
(författare)
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The Dilemma of Conserving Rangeland by Means of Development : Exploring Ecological Resettlement in a Pastoral Township of Inner Mongolia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nomadic Peoples. - Montreal : Commission on Nomadic Peoples. - 0822-7942 .- 1752-2366. ; 16:1, s. 88-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last decade environmental policies, particularly ecological resettlement, have changed China's pastoral areas. This paper explores the difficulty in conserving rangeland through ecological resettlement. The paper focuses on how ecological resettlement policy has been translated into practice, and how the affected people responded with migration decisions. Empirical findings in a pastoral township in Inner Mongolia demonstrate that local politicians have used the projects to stress economic restructuring, promotion of non-farming activities and urbanization. Meanwhile, affected households haved used migration strategies to adapt to the changing economic and social environments rather than the changing natural environment. The difficulty of conserving rangelands and the marginalization of environmental concerns is a result of locally defined modernization development interests and the affected households' adaptive behaviours.
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