| 1. |
- Andersson, Benita, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal Profile of Ultrastructural Changes in Cortical Neurons after a Compression Lesion
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physiological Research. - : Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences. - 0862-8408 .- 1802-9973. ; 55:3, s. 339-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the occurrence of apoptosis and secondary delayed cell death at various time points in the penumbra zone, which is the target for therapeutic intervention after stroke. A compression lesion was induced in the right sensory motor cortex of rat brains. At 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after lesioning, motor functions were evaluated by behavioral tests, and cortical layers IV and V were examined by electron microscopy. Behavioral recovery was observed at 48 h after lesioning. At 0.5-1 h in the lesioned area, the neuropil was expanded and contained affected cells. Apoptotic cells were found between 0.5-72 h, and at 12 h, 47.3 % of the total cell number was apoptotic cells. On the contralateral side, cells showed an enlarged endoplasmic reticulum at 3 h, indicating secondary delayed cell death. Our results show that a compression lesion is a useful model for studying ultrastructural changes in injured cells. The lesion results in the penumbra zone with apoptotic cell death between 0.5-72 h. As secondary delayed cell death occurred on the contralateral side at three hours after lesioning might be the time period during which injured, but still viable, neurons can be targets for acute treatment.
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| 2. |
- Dogan, SA, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling mitochondrial dysfunction in mice
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physiological research. - : Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences. - 1802-9973 .- 0862-8408. ; 60:Suppl 1, s. S61-S70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding mitochondrial role in normal physiology and pathological conditions has proven to be of high importance as mitochondrial dysfunction is connected with a number of disorders as well as some of the most common diseases (e.g. diabetes or Parkinson’s disease). Modeling mitochondrial dysfunction has been difficult mainly due to unique features of mitochondrial genetics. Here we discuss some of the most important mouse models generated so far and lessons learned from them.
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| 3. |
- Kristek, J., et al.
(författare)
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Early Uterine Transplant Graft Loss Due to Thrombosis: Single-Center Experience With Causes, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physiological Research. - : Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences. - 0862-8408 .- 1802-9973. ; 71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uterus transplantation (UTx) is a promising treatment option for women who wish to give birth but suffer from absolute uterine factor infertility. This paper presents an interim analysis of a trial focusing on the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and management of graft thrombosis. Our team analyzed 10 cases of UTx (recipients numbered 1 to 10). Early thrombosis developed in 2 of 10 (20 %) recipients, and thrombectomy and temporary viability preservation were achieved in both cases. However, re-thrombosis developed in both cases, and a graft hysterectomy was carried out. In recipient number 2, vascular changes might have contributed to graft thrombosis. The histopathological finding of the explant revealed subintimal excentric fibrosis with focal sclerotic changes. In recipient number 8, thrombosis was facilitated by external compression of the vascular pedicles by the hematoma as well as production of de novo donor-specific antibodies. Thrombosis led to graft loss in both cases despite an attempt at a thrombectomy. Therefore, the focus must be on the prevention including a thorough evaluation of the donor candidate. In the postoperative course, perfusion is closely followed-up with an ultrasound, Doppler flow monitoring, and macroscopic evaluation of the cervix. In the case that findings are unclear, a relaparotomy should be promptly indicated. If thrombosis is revealed, a thrombectomy and an attempt to salvage of the graft are indicated; however, the role of this strategy is questionable due to the low chance of long-term success. The indication of upfront graft removal and early re-transplantation in the treatment of uterine graft remains debatable.
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| 4. |
- Mraz, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Intake of Carp Meat From Two Aquaculture Production Systems Aimed at Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease a Follow-up Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physiological Research // Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca. - 0862-8408 .- 1802-9973. ; 66, s. S129-S137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our previous study showed that a diet enriched with 400 g of carp per week improved plasma lipids in subjects after aortocoronary bypass (CABG). The aim of the present study is to determine whether the different carp farming systems have an impact on the effects of carp meat in secondary cardiovascular prevention. We examined 3 groups of patients after CABG over a 4-week period of spa treatment (108 persons, 73 males, 35 females, age over 60 years). We found no differences in baseline values of blood pressure or plasma lipids. The patients were given a standard spa diet (controls; N=36) or a diet enriched of 400 g of carp meat per week, enriched omega-3 (N=37) or cereal carp (N=35). Plasma lipid parameters were examined at start and after 4 weeks in a routine laboratory setting. Group consuming omega-3 carp showed the largest decline in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and an increase in HDL cholesterol (all p<0.01). We found that carp meat from the two production systems showed significantly different effects on plasma lipids. Further trials should be performed to clarify the exact causes of the differences.
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| 5. |
- Pickova, Jana
(författare)
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Importance of Knowledge on Lipid Composition of Foods to Support Development towards Consumption of Higher Levels of n-3 Fatty Acids via Freshwater Fish
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physiological Research // Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca. - 0862-8408 .- 1802-9973. ; 58, s. S39-S45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need of better labelling of fats in processed animal origin products is urgent. The lack of information makes it possible to exclude n-3 fatty acids in preparations of foods. The higher fat content, the higher n-6/n-3 ratio seems to be a rule. It is desirable to broaden the labelling into which oils have been used when foods are processed. The dietary balance of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids is important for homeostasis and normal development in humans. The ratio between n-6/n-3 fatty acids suggested to be evolutionary developed is between 1 and 4. The main conclusion is that the fat sources used during processing and preparation of convenient foods have the largest impact on the food FA content and composition. A proposal is therefore that this should be declared on the product label especially the n-3 FA content. It is also of large importance to increase consumption of freshwater fish fed suitable feeds containing n-3 fatty acids in central Europe to enable a generally lower n-6/n-3 ratio in the human diet. Therefore optimizing feeds to freshwater fish in culture is urgent and important.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Sarabi, Mahziar, et al.
(författare)
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Local vasodilatation with metacholine, but not with nitroprusside, increases forearm glucose uptake
- 1999
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Ingår i: Physiological Research. - 0862-8408 .- 1802-9973. ; 48:4, s. 291-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin is known to increase blood flow in parallel to glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. However, it is not known if an increase in blood flow by itself is associated with an increase in glucose uptake in the absence of hyperinsulinemia. To investigate further this matter, the effect of increased blood flow on forearm glucose uptake was studied in the fasting state during intra-arterial infusions of two different vasodilators, metacholine and nitroprusside, in 19 hypertensive subjects. Both metacholine (4 microg/min) and nitroprusside (10 microg/min) increased resting forearm blood flow, measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, to a similar degree (180 % and 170 %, respectively, p<0.0001 for both). However, metacholine infusion increased the forearm glucose uptake from 2.0+/-0.9 (S.D.) during rest to 5.5+/-3.0 umol/min/100 ml tissue (p<0.0001), while no significant change in glucose uptake was seen during nitroprusside infusion (2.3+/-1.4 micromol/min/100 ml tissue). In conclusion, vasodilatation induced by metacholine, but not by nitroprusside, increased glucose uptake in the forearm of hypertensive patients. Thus, an increase in forearm blood flow does not necessarily improve glucose uptake in the forearm during the fasting state.
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| 8. |
- Trattner, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Dietary Sesamin, a Bioactive Compound on Fatty Acids and Expression of Some Lipid Regulating Genes in Baltic Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Juveniles
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physiological Research // Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca. - 0862-8408 .- 1802-9973. ; 60, s. 125-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of inclusion of sesamin / episesamin in Baltic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) diets based on vegetable oils were studied. The study was designed as a dose response study with two control diets, one diet based on fish oil (FO) and one diet based on a mixture of linseed and sunflower oil (6:4 by vol.) (MO). As experimental diets three different levels of inclusion of sesamin / episesamin (hereafter named sesamin) to the MO based diet and one diet based on sesame oil and linseed oil (SesO) (1:1 by vol.) were used. The dietary oils were mirrored in the fatty acid profile of the white muscle. Sesamin significantly decreased the levels of 18:3n-3 in the white muscle phospholipid (PL) fraction of all groups fed sesamin, no significant differences were found in the triacylglycerol fraction (TAG). Slightly increased levels of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) in PL and TAG were found in some of the sesamin fed groups. Sesamin significantly affected the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a, scavenger receptor type B and hormone sensitive lipase, in agreement with previous studies on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) hepatocytes published by our group. No significant effects on toxicological response measured as ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity was found. The total cytochrome P450 enzymes were significantly higher in MO 0.29 and SesO group. The amount of alpha- and y-tocopherols in liver and the amount of.-tocopherol in white muscle were significantly lower in fish fed the FO diet compared to the MO diet, but no difference after inclusion of sesamin was found in this study. Increased inclusion of sesamin increased the levels of sesamin and episesamin in the liver, but did not affect the amounts in white muscle.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Gradin, Kathryn, et al.
(författare)
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Endothelin A Receptor Blockade Improves Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Obese Woman
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physiological Research. - 0862-8408. ; 67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypertension in obesity is associated with increased insulin resistance, vascular mass and body mass index (BMI). The purpose of the study was to visualize endothelin-1 (ET-1) mediated constriction in arteries isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue from obese hypertensive women previously operated by gastric bypass. Functional studies were conducted in a microvascular myograph. Expressed as percentage of contraction elicited by 124 mM KCI concentration-response curves for ET-1 were shifted leftward in arteries from obese hypertensive patients compared to healthy normotensive subjects. The vasodilator response to the ET-1 antagonist BQ123 (1 mu M) was significantly higher in arteries from obese hypertensive patients (p<0.001). BQ123 induced relaxation was inhibited by NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (0.1 nM). Preincubation with BQ123 enhanced the relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh; 0.1 nM - 0.1 mM) (p<0.001), but not that induced by NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 0.1 nM - 0.1 mM), in arteries from obese hypertensive patients. The present study show that hypertension yet prevail after gastric bypass surgery and the ETA receptor antagonist BQ123 may be a useful tool in reducing blood pressure in obese hypertensive patients.
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