| 1. |
- Bozovic, Gracijela, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging of the Lungs in Organ Donors and its Clinical Relevance : A Retrospective Analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of thoracic imaging. - Philadelphia, USA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0883-5993 .- 1536-0237. ; 32:2, s. 107-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic imaging that potential lung donors undergo, the reader variability of image interpretation and its relevance for donation, and the potential information gained from imaging studies not primarily intended for lung evaluation but partially including them.Materials and methods: Bedside chest radiography and computed tomography (CT), completely or incompletely including the lungs, of 110 brain-dead potential organ donors in a single institution during 2007 to 2014 were reviewed from a donation perspective. Two chest radiologists in consensus analyzed catheters and cardiovascular, parenchymal, and pleural findings. Clinical reports and study review were compared for substantial differences in findings that could have led to a treatment change, triggered additional examinations such as bronchoscopy, or were considered important for donation.Results: Among 136 bedside chest radiographs, no differences between clinical reports and study reviews were found in 37 (27%), minor differences were found in 28 (21%), and substantial differences were found in 71 (52%) examinations (P<0.0001). In 31 of 42 (74%) complete or incomplete CT examinations, 50 of 74 findings with relevance for lung donation were not primarily reported (P<0.0001).Conclusions: The majority of donor patients undergo only chest radiography. A targeted imaging review of abnormalities affecting the decision to use donor lungs may be useful in the preoperative stage. With a targeted list, substantial changes were made from initial clinical interpretations. CT can provide valuable information on donor lung pathology, even if the lungs are only partially imaged.
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| 2. |
- Hope, Michael D., et al.
(författare)
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Cardiothoracic Magnetic Resonance Flow Imaging
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of thoracic imaging. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0883-5993 .- 1536-0237. ; 28:4, s. 217-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multidimensional blood flow imaging with magnetic resonance has rapidly evolved over the last decade. The technique, often referred to as 4-dimensional (4D) flow, can now reliably image the heart and principal vessels of the chest in ≤15 minutes. In addition to dynamic 3D flow visualization, a range of unique quantitative hemodynamic markers can be calculated from 4D flow data. In this review article, we describe some of the more promising of these hemodynamic markers, including pulse wave velocity, pressure, turbulent kinetic energy, wall shear stress, and flow eccentricity. Evaluation of a range of cardiothoracic disorders has been explored with 4D flow, and many applications have been proposed. We also review the potential clinical applications of 4D flow in 4 broad contexts: the aorta, the pulmonary artery, acquired heart disease, and complex congenital heart disease. Promising preliminary results will be highlighted, including the use of abnormal systolic blood flow to risk-stratify patients for progressive valve-related aortic disease, turbulent kinetic energy to directly assess the hemodynamic impact of a stenotic lesion, and altered intracardiac flow to identify early heart failure. We discuss ongoing research efforts in the context of the larger clinical goals of 4D flow: the use of unique hemodynamic markers to (1) identify cardiovascular disease processes early in their course before clinical manifestation so that preemptive treatment can be undertaken; (2) refine the assessment of cardiovascular disease so as to better identify optimal medical or surgical therapies; and (3) enhance the evaluation and monitoring of the hemodynamic impact of different treatment options.
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| 3. |
- Lundin, M., et al.
(författare)
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Diffusely Increased Myocardial Extracellular Volume with or without Focal Late Gadolinium Enhancement: Prevalence and Associations with Left Ventricular Size and Function
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic Imaging. - 0883-5993 .- 1536-0237. ; 37:1, s. 17-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV) using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can identify diffuse lesions not detected by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). We aimed to determine the prevalence of increased ECV and its relation to other CMR findings. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients (n=609, age median [interquartile range] 53 [39 to 66] y, 62% male) underwent CMR at 1.5 T. Focal lesions on LGE images were noted. ECV in regions without focal LGE findings defined diffuse changes. Pronounced increases in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume index and LV mass index, and pronounced decreases in LV ejection fraction were defined as >3 SD from the sex-specific mean in healthy volunteers. Results: Of 609 patients without amyloidosis or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 8% had diffusely increased ECV and 5% of all patients had diffusely increased ECV without any focal LGE findings. Multivariate analysis showed that a pronounced increase in the LV end-diastolic volume index was associated with increased ECV (P=0.001), but not LGE (P=0.52). A pronounced decrease in LV ejection fraction was associated with the presence of LGE (P<0.001), but not with increased ECV (P=0.41). Conclusions: Eight percent of patients in this clinical cohort with known or suspected heart disease had diffusely increased ECV and 60% of these lacked focal LGE findings. LV size is independently associated with increased ECV, whereas systolic dysfunction is independently associated with LGE. This image-based clinical study demonstrates that ECV-CMR provides additional information negligibly related to the results of LGE imaging, and thereby increases the diagnostic yield of CMR. © 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Binka, Edem, et al.
(författare)
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Biventricular Pressure-Volume Loop Assessment Before and After Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Tetralogy of Fallot
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic Imaging. - 0883-5993. ; 37:5, s. 70-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) may undergo pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) after initial full repair. We investigated indices of biventricular function, work and efficiency of TOF patients' using noninvasive pressure-volume (PV) loop analysis on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) images and compared pre-and post PVR groups. Biventricular segmentations of steady state free precession CMR images were performed using custom validated software (Segment version 2.0 R7067). Brachial cuff pressure estimated left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure. Right ventricular (RV) inputs were obtained from pre-PVR cardiac catheterization data. Biventricular PV loops were then derived using a time-varying elastance model. Twenty seven patients were studied: (22 pre-PVR, 5 post-PVR), mean age of 20±10.5 years and 83% male. RV stroke volume significantly differed before and after PVR (73.2±25 ml vs. 41±10 mL, P=0.01). RV stroke work (SW) and mean external power (MEP) were significantly less post-PVR, but there were no significant differences in the LV hemodynamic indices. TOF patients have reduced RV SW and MEP post-PVR suggesting improved hemodynamics. Noninvasive biventricular PV loop analysis shows potential for integration into standard CMR imaging of TOF and provides hemodynamic data that could influence management decisions.
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| 7. |
- Mantini, Cesare, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and Clinical Relevance of Extracardiac Findings in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic Imaging. - 0883-5993. ; 34:1, s. 48-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To assess the prevalence of extracardiac findings (ECF) during cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) examinations and their downstream effect on clinical management. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively identified 500 consecutive patients. Trans-axial balanced steady-state free precession nongated images acquired from the upper thorax to the upper abdomen were evaluated independently by 2 radiologists. ECF were classified as nonsignificant (benign, with no need for further investigation), significant (mandatory to be reported/monitored), and major (clinically remarkable pathology, mandatory to be reported/investigated/treated). Fifteen-month clinical follow-up information was collected through hospital records. Results: Of 500 patients, 108 (21.6%) showed a total of 153 ECF: 59 (11.8% of the entire study population; 38.5% of all ECF) nonsignificant, 76 (15.2%; 49.7%) significant, and 18 (3.6%; 11.8%) major ECF. The most frequent ECF were pleural effusion, hepatic cyst, renal cyst, and ascending aorta dilatation. Of 94 significant and major ECF, 46 were previously unknown and more common in older patients. Newly diagnosed major ECF (n=11, 2.2% of the entire study population, and 7.2% of all ECF)-including 5 tumors (1% of study population)-were confirmed by downstream evaluations and required specific treatment. Patients with major ECF were significantly older than patients without with major ECF. Newly diagnosed clinically significant and major ECF prompted downstream diagnostic tests in 44% and 100% of cases, respectively. Conclusions: The detection of significant and major ECF is common during CMR reporting. The knowledge and the correct identification of most frequent ECF enable earlier diagnoses and faster treatment initiation of unknown extracardiac pathologies in patients referred to CMR imaging.
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