| 1. |
- Bellardini, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of gender on strength training in older people : a Swedish population study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psychology and Health. - : Routledge. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; 27:s1, s. 155-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Physical exercise contributes to healthy ageing, and strength training has beenshown to improve independence in older people.Method: Six hundred older people wererandomly selected from the Swedish population, and sent a self-completion questionnaire(57% response rate, n¼343) examining exercise history, current strength training, andperceived benefits and barriers to strength training.Results: Gender was associated with aperceived positive effect of strength training on quality of life (Women 42% vs. Men 27%).The most commonly reported benefits of strength training were better mobility (71%), energy(70%), and muscle strength (69%), with most benefits endorsed more commonly by womenthan men. The most commonly reported barriers to strength training were believing otherforms of exercise more suitable (49%) and cost (20%; Women 31% vs. Men 13%).Discussion:To better promote healthy ageing, interventions should be embedded in an understanding ofthe effect of gender on exercise behaviour.
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| 2. |
- Chan, Derwin, et al.
(författare)
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Consistency tendency and the theory of planned behavior : a randomized controlled crossover trial in physical activity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psychology and Health. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; 35:6, s. 665-684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study examined the effects of consistency tendency on the predictive power of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in relation to physical activity behavior.Methods: In this randomized controlled cross-over trial, we recruited 770 undergraduate students from Indonesia who were randomly assigned into two groups. Participants completed physical activity versions of TPB measures at T1 (baseline) and T2 (post 1 week), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire at T3 (post 1 month). At T1 and T2, the TPB questions were either presented in ensemble-order (i.e., consistency tendency supressed) or alternate-order (i.e., consistency tendency facilitated).Results: The parameter estimates of the model (CFI > .92, TLI > .90, SRMR < .08, RMSEA < .08) aligned with the tenets of TPB. As compared to ensemble-order, a TPB measured in alternate-order yielded stronger cross-sectional relationships, but this pattern did not appear in the prospective relationships in TPB (i.e., intention/perceived behavioral control and behavior).Conclusions: Consistency tendency inflated the factor correlations of cross-sectionally measured TPB variables, but the inflation was not observed in the prospective prediction of behavior. Health psychology questionnaires with items presented in ensemble order may represent a viable means of reducing the confounding effect of consistency tendency. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 3. |
- Cheng, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between childhood biomedical factors, maternal smoking, personality traits, Body and Mass Index and the prevalence of asthma in adulthood
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psychology and Health. - : Routledge. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; 33:9, s. 1116-1129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The study set out to investigate socio-economic, biomedical, health and behavioural and psychological factors in childhood and adulthood associated with the prevalence of asthma in adulthood, drawing data from The National Child Development Studies (NCDS), a birth cohort in the UK.DESIGN: The National Child Development Study, a nationally representative sample of 17,415 babies born in Great Britain in 1958 and followed up at 7, 11, 33 and 50 years was used.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The prevalence of asthma at age 50 was the outcome measure. The analytic sample consists of 5118 participants with complete data on a set of measures at birth, at ages 7, 11, 33 and 50 years.RESULTS: Using logistic regression analyses, results showed that childhood asthma (OR = 6.77: 4.38-10.48, p < .001) and respiratory symptoms (OR = 1.83: 1.18-2.86, p < .01), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 1.26: 1.00-1.59, p < .05), Body and Mass Index (BMI) (OR = 1.03: 1.02-1.05, p < .001), traits Neuroticism (OR = 1.13: 1.01-1.21, p < .05) and Conscientiousness (OR = 0.76: 0.76-0.96, p < .01), as well as sex (OR = 1.49: 1.15-1.94, p < .001) were all significantly associated with the prevalence of asthma in adulthood.CONCLUSION: The study shows that both childhood and adulthood psychological and sociological factors are significantly associated with the prevalence of asthma in adulthood, though more work need to be done in this area.
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| 4. |
- De Smedt, R H, et al.
(författare)
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Coping with adverse drug events in patients with heart failure : Exploring the role of medication beliefs and perceptions.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psychology and Health. - London : Routledge. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; 27:5, s. 570-587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes coping strategies that patients with heart failure (HF) use to manage adverse drug events (ADEs). The included coping strategies were social support seeking, information seeking, non-adherence and taking alleviating medication. The role of beliefs about medication and ADE perceptions in explaining these coping strategies was assessed using the Self-Regulation Model. We performed a cross-sectional study including 250 HF patients who experienced an ADE. Patients completed validated questionnaires assessing their coping strategies, ADE perceptions and medication beliefs. Social support (60%) and information seeking (32%) were the most commonly used strategies to cope with ADEs. Non-adherence was reported by 7% of the patients. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that demographics, clinical factors and medication beliefs explained only a small amount of the variance in coping strategies, whereas ADE perceptions explained a substantial amount of variance. Path analysis showed that patients' perceptions about the timeline, consequences and controllability of ADEs by the health care provider were directly related to their coping behaviour. The effect of patients' medication beliefs on their coping strategies was consistent with mediation through their ADE perceptions. Our results support the value of the Self-Regulation Model in understanding patients' coping behaviour with regard to ADEs.
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| 5. |
- Elfström, Magnus, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting emotional well being during acute rehabilitation in a European spinal cord injury sample
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychology and Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; , s. 162-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine what resource and coping variables that could predict emotional well being during the acute phase of spinal cord injury rehabilitation. All newly acquired injuries were approached in selected British, Swiss, Swedish, German, Austrian and Irish spinal centres. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire booklet at 6 weeks post injury and again at 12 weeks. Stepwise hierarchical regression analyses were performed on data from 281 questionnaire packs from 14 European spinal centres. Gender, age and severity of impairment were controlled for. Sense of coherence, the coping strategy social reliance, threat and challenge appraisals, perceived manageability, and perceived quality of social support made significant contributions to the variance in measures of emotional well-being (anxiety, depression and a psychological subscale of a quality of life scale). Psychological assessment during acute stages may assist in identifying ‘at risk’ patients and provide guidance for therapeutic intervention.
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| 6. |
- Elfström, Magnus, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Temperamental and behavioural characteristics of adults seeking treatment for severe dental fear
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychology and Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; 24:sup. 1, s. 162-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Other psychological/behavioral factors in addition to fear and traditional measures of psychopathology should possibly be considered in the assessment and treatment of dental fear. The present study investigated fear and personality profiles among severely fearful adult patients. Participants were 230 consecutive adults applying for treatment of severe dental anxiety at a specialized clinic. Background data included dental treatment and dental fear history, general anxiety and depression assessments. Cluster analyses were performed. Four different fear and personality subgroups were judged to best represent data: (I) Fearful, extrovert, outgoing, (II) Highly fearful, extrovert, outgoing, (III) Fearful, inhibited, and (IV) Highly fearful, multiple problems. The view that adults with dental fear comprise a heterogeneous group was strengthened. Apart from different levels of dental fear, there seems to be varying temperamental and behavioral characteristics that need to be further studied and that may lead to a better match of treatment for these patients.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Monica, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Salutogenesis and Resilience : two sides of the same coin?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psychology and Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; 27:Suppl1, s. 41-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Conceptual clarification of salutogenesis (Antonovsky 1987) and resilience – what is common and different? Methods: A systematic research synthesis 1992–2010 based on about 1300 papers on Sense of Coherence. Findings: Similarities and differences emerge. Salutogenesis stems from stress research exploring why some people stay healthy despite major life events and adversities while resilience research refer to risk of negative health development. Both concepts emphasize resources: the salutogenic framework talks about Generalized Resistance Resources while resilience uses protective factors. The two concepts differ when it comes to the adjustment process where resilience concept always is connected with risk factors. Discussion: The new knowledge derived from the research synthesis on the SOC reveal promising results indicating the usefulness in health promotion research, expanding the knowledge from resilience research on risks to salutogenic research on resources. While salutogenesis has its focus on health promotion resilience is more connected to health protection.
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| 8. |
- Ivarsson, Andreas, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between physical activity and core affects within and across days: a daily diary study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychology & Health. - Abingdon : Informa UK Limited. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; 36:1, s. 43-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate (a) if daily physical activity at the within-person level is related to four different core affects the same evening, (b) if core affects in the evening predict physical activity the following day, and (c) if physical activity predicts core affects the following day. Design: A total of 166 university students were asked to complete the affect and physical activity measures once a day (in the evening), for seven days. Bivariate unconditional latent curve model analyses with structured residuals were performed to investigate the relations within days and across days between the core affects and physical activity. Main outcome measures: Core affects and physical activity. Results: Physical activity had positive within-day associations with pleasant-activated and pleasant-deactivated core affects and a negative within-day association with unpleasant-deactivated affective responses. There were, however, no statistically significant relations between core affects and physical activity across days. Conclusion: These results highlight that the measurement interval might be an important factor that influences the association between core affects and physical activity behaviors.
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| 9. |
- Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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The role of psychological mechanisms to insomnia in its early phase : A focus on arousal, distress, and sleep-related beliefs
- 2008
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Ingår i: Psychology and Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; 23:6, s. 691-705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether arousal, distress, and sleep-related beliefs are related to the development of insomnia. From a randomly selected sample of 3,600 individuals from the general population (50-60 year), 2,239 participants filled out a baseline and 1-year follow-up questionnaire. Logistic regression and cluster analysis were used to investigate whether the psychological mechanisms were related to the development of new cases of insomnia over one year and whether it was possible to classify the participants based on their profiles of psychological mechanisms. The results showed that arousal, sleep-related beliefs, and depression were significantly related to the development of new cases of insomnia (13% of the variance). High scores on all three mechanisms were characteristic of one cluster (18% new cases of insomnia) and low scores on the mechanisms of another cluster (5% new cases of insomnia). This study shows that arousal, sleep-related beliefs, and depression are associated with the development of insomnia, and that psychological mechanisms often co-occur in individuals who develop insomnia.
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| 10. |
- Jansson, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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The role of anxiety and depression in the development of insomnia : cross-sectional and prospective analyses
- 2006
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Ingår i: Psychology and Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; 21:3, s. 383-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between anxiety, depression and insomnia, and to investigate whether anxiety and depression are related to future insomnia. This study employed a combination of a cross-sectional and a prospective design. From a randomly selected sample from the general population (N = 3600), 1936 participants filled out a baseline and 1-year follow-up survey on insomnia, anxiety and depression. Odds ratios (ORs) estimations were used to investigate the associations between anxiety, depression, and insomnia. In the cross-sectional study, anxiety (OR: 4.61) and depression (OR: 2.42) showed moderate to strong associations with insomnia. However, the prospective study showed that anxiety (OR: 3.35) was more strongly related than depression (OR: 1.96) to the development of insomnia 1 year later. While anxiety seems to play a key role in the development of insomnia, depression may be considered as a possible precipitating mechanism but even more likely as a consequence of insomnia.
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