| 1. |
- Backman, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Monthlong Intubated Patient with Life-Threatening COVID-19 and Cerebral Microbleeds Suffers Only Mild Cognitive Sequelae at 8-Month Follow-up : A Case Report
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archives of clinical neuropsychology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0887-6177 .- 1873-5843. ; 37:2, s. 531-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To elaborate on possible cognitive sequelae related to COVID-19, associated cerebrovascular injuries as well as the general consequences from intensive care. COVID-19 is known to have several, serious CNS-related consequences, but neuropsychological studies of severe COVID-19 are still rare.Methods: M., a 45-year-old man, who survived a severe COVID-19 disease course including Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), cerebral microbleeds, and 35 days of mechanical ventilation, is described. We elaborate on M’s recovery and rehabilitation process from onset to the 8-month follow-up. The cognitive functions were evaluated with a comprehensive screening battery at 4 weeks after extubation and at the 8-month follow-up.Results: Following extubation, M. was delirious, reported visual hallucinations, and had severe sleeping difficulties. At about 3 months after COVID-19 onset, M. showed mild to moderate deficits on tests measuring processing speed, working memory, and attention. At assessments at 8 months, M. performed better, with results above average on tests measuring learning, memory, word fluency, and visuospatial functions. Minor deficits were still found regarding logical reasoning, attention, executive functioning, and processing speed. There were no lingering psychiatric symptoms. While M. had returned to a part-time job, he was not able to resume previous work-tasks.Conclusion: This case-study demonstrates possible cognitive deficits after severe COVID-19 and emphasizes the need of a neuropsychological follow-up, with tests sensitive to minor deficits. The main findings of this report provide some support that the long-term prognosis for cognition in severe COVID-19 may be hopeful.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Karilampi, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Verbal learning in schizopsychotic outpatients and healthy volunteers as a function of cognitive performance levels
- 2007
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Ingår i: Archives of clinical neuropsychology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0887-6177 .- 1873-5843. ; 22:2, s. 161-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE The aim was to analyze and compare neurocognitive test profiles related to different levels of verbal learning performance among schizopsychotic patients and healthy volunteers. METHOD A single-center patient cohort of 196 participants was compared with an equal-sized volunteer group to form three cognitive subgroups based on the shared verbal learning performance. RESULTS 43.9% of the patients had normal learning ability. Despite this, all patients underperformed the volunteers on all subtests with the exception of working memory, and, for those with high learning ability, even verbal facility. All patients also presented equally poor visuomotor processing speed/efficacy. CONCLUSION A global neurocognitive retardation of speed-related processing in schizophrenia is suggested.
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| 4. |
- Konstantinidis, Iordanis, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of unpleasant odors is independent of age.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0887-6177. ; 21:7, s. 615-621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate (a) the relationship between identification proficiency for specific odors and chronological age and (b) to determine whether the relationships were related to perceived quality (i.e., judgments of familiarity, intensity, and hedonics) of the odor item. Data from 472 subjects (227 men, 245 women) ranging in age from 18-79 years were assessed in a cued identification test comprising 16 odors. The results indicated a reliable age effect in overall odor identification performance. Further analyses indicated that the observed age-related deficit was odorant-specific, with some odors being equally well identified across age cohorts and others showing sensitivity to the process of aging. Additional examination regarding the observed age-differential effects across the different odor types indicated that these may be understood according to the pleasantness/upleasantness associated with the odor. Specifically, odors perceived as unpleasant showed age invariance whereas odors rated as pleasant exhibited age sensitivity.
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| 5. |
- Sundgren, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive Impairment Has a Strong Relation to Nonsomatic Symptoms of Depression in RelapsingRemitting Multiple Sclerosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Archives of clinical neuropsychology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0887-6177 .- 1873-5843. ; 28:2, s. 144-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is unclear how cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) is influenced by physical disability, fatigue, and depression. Our aim was to identify the strongest clinical predictors for cognitive impairment in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. The clinical risk factors included in the analysis were physical disability (EDSS), fatigue (FSS), the somatic and nonsomatic components of depression (BDI), disease progression rate [Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS)], and psychotropic medication. Cognitive impairment had a prevalence of 30.5% in patients affecting preferentially attention, executive functions, processing speed and visual perception/organization. MSSS was not associated with cognitive impairment, depression, or fatigue. In regression models, cognitive performance was best predicted by the nonsomatic symptoms of depression alone or in combination with physical disability. Exclusion of patients with any psychotropic medication did not influence the results. Our results underscore the importance of evaluating depressive symptoms when suspecting cognitive impairment in patients with RRMS.
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| 6. |
- Tillman, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Intellectual deficits in children with ADHD beyond central executive and non-executive functions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Archives of clinical neuropsychology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0887-6177 .- 1873-5843. ; 24:8, s. 769-782
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to specify the deficit in intellectual ability in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), by studying the mediating role of impairments in central executive function (EF)-related components (working memory, inhibition, sustained attention) and non-EFs (short-term memory and processing speed). Two hundred and thirty children aged 8-11 years from a population-based sample were assigned to either the ADHD group, the clinical comparison group, or the normal comparison group. The results showed that children with ADHD had poorer fluid and crystallized intelligence, relative to both comparison groups. Further, regarding fluid intelligence, these deficits were not fully mediated by, but rather went beyond, poorer functioning on the studied EF-related components and non-EFs. We tentatively interpret these fluid deficits in children with ADHD as representing deficiencies in a general intellectual resource reflecting executive attentional processes. Concerning crystallized ability, in contrast, the deficit signified impairment in the studied cognitive functions, as indicated by the significant full mediation effect.
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| 7. |
- Wehling, Eike, et al.
(författare)
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Unawareness of olfactory dysfunction and its association with cognitive functioning in middle aged and old adults
- 2011
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Ingår i: Archives of clinical neuropsychology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0887-6177 .- 1873-5843. ; 26:3, s. 260-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was (a) to investigate the accordance of self-reported and objectively assessed olfactory functioning and (b) to compare performance on cognitive tests of individuals unaware of their olfactory dysfunction with individuals aware of their olfactory status. Two hundred forty participants, constituting two age groups, were evaluated with the Scandinavian Odor Identification Test, a question of self-evaluated olfactory function, tests of cognitive function, and a memory questionnaire. The proportion of individuals being unaware of an olfactory dysfunction was high in both middle aged (86%) and old (78%) participants. Performance on neuropsychological tests showed that persons unaware of their olfactory dysfunction performed poorer on tests of verbal learning and memory and attention/processing speed compared to individuals aware of a normal olfactory status as well as individuals aware of their olfactory dysfunction. The clinical relevance of unawareness of olfactory dysfunction, as suggested earlier, needs further investigation and stresses the need of an extensive multi-modal and longitudinal assessment of unawareness of sensory and cognitive function to learn more about the facets of the concept of unawareness.
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