| 1. |
- Cumming, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Examining the direction of imagery and self-talk on dart-throwing performance and self efficacy
- 2006
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Ingår i: The Sport psychologist. - 0888-4781 .- 1543-2793. ; 20, s. 257-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study investigated the impact of varying combinations of facilitative and debilitative imagery and self-talk (ST) on self-efficacy and performance of a dart-throwing task. Participants (N = 95) were allocated to 1 of 5 groups: (a) facilitative imagery/facilitative ST, (b) facilitative imagery/debilitative ST, (c) debilitative imagery/facilitative ST, (d) debilitative imagery/debilitative ST, or (e) control. Mixed-design ANOVAs revealed that performance, but not self-efficacy, changed over time as a function of the assigned experimental condition. Participants in the debilitative imagery/debilitative ST condition worsened their performance, and participants in the facilitative imagery/facilitative ST condition achieved better scores. These findings demonstrate that a combination of facilitative imagery and ST can enhance performance whereas debilitative imagery and ST can hamper it.
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| 2. |
- Davis, Paul A., et al.
(författare)
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Exploring "Sledging" and Interpersonal Emotion-Regulation Strategies in Professional Cricket
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Sport psychologist. - : Human Kinetics Publishers. - 0888-4781 .- 1543-2793. ; 32:2, s. 136-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examines cricketers’ perceptions of emotional interactions between competitors. Semistructured interviews with 12 male professional cricketers explored experiences (i.e., emotions, cognitions, behaviors) relating to incidents during competition where they or an opponent attempted to evoke an emotional reaction (e.g., sledging). Cricketers described their use of sledging as aggressive actions and verbal interactions with the aim of disrupting concentration and altering the emotional states of opponents. They described experiencing a variety of emotions (e.g., anxiety, anger) in response to opponents’ attempts at interpersonal emotion regulation; linguistic analyses indicated that both positive than negative emotions were experienced. A range of strategies in response to competitors’ deliberate attempts at interpersonal emotion regulation were outlined. The present study extends previous research investigating interpersonal emotion regulation within teams by indicating that professional cricketers are aware of the impact of cognitions and emotions on performance and attempt to negatively influence these factors in competitors
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| 3. |
- Fogaca, J. L., et al.
(författare)
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Walking multiple paths of supervision in American sport psychology : A qualitative tale of novice supervisees’ development
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Sport psychologist. - Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics. - 0888-4781 .- 1543-2793. ; 32:2, s. 156-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is limited evidence for what characteristics of supervision delivery facilitate novice supervisees' development. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between supervision-delivery approaches and the perceptions of service-delivery competence development in novice practitioners. The authors interviewed 9 supervisor-supervisee dyads before and after the academic term in which the supervisees had their first applied experiences. Supervisees also completed reflective journal entries regarding their supervisory experiences and development. Data analysis included constant comparative analysis and triangulation of qualitative results with a practitioner-skills inventory. Different approaches to supervision delivery seemed to contribute similarly to novice supervisees' development. Supervisees developed in more areas when the dyads had consistent meetings, close supervisory relationships, feedback, and frequent opportunities for self-reflection and when supervisors adapted the delivery to the supervisees' developmental levels. In addition, factors in supervisees' background, practice, and supervision that contributed to perceptions of service-delivery competence are discussed. © 2018 Human Kinetics, Inc.
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| 4. |
- Galanis, Evangelos, et al.
(författare)
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From the lab to the field : Effects of self-talk on task performance under distracting conditions
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Sport psychologist. - Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics. - 0888-4781 .- 1543-2793. ; 32, s. 26-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the effectiveness of self-talk strategies on task performance under conditions of external distraction in laboratory and field experiments. In the laboratory experiment, 28 sport science students (Mage 21.48±1.58 years) were tested on a computer game requiring attention and fine execution following a baseline assessment and a short self-talk training. In the field experiment, 28 female basketball players (Mage 20.96±4.51 years) were tested on free-throwing, following a baseline assessment and a six-week intervention. In both settings the final assessment took place under conditions of external distraction (noncontinuous, sudden, loud noise). Analyses of covariance showed that participants of the self-talk group performed better than participants of the control group. Findings suggest that self-talk can counter the effects of distraction on performance, and indicate that the attentional effects of self-talk is a viable mechanism to explain the facilitating effects of self-talk on performance. © 2018 Human Kinetics, Inc.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Gustafsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of burnout in competitive adolescent athletes
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Sport psychologist. - : Human Kinetics. - 0888-4781 .- 1543-2793. ; 21:1, s. 21-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the factorial validity of the Eades Burnout Inventory (EABI) and the prevalence of burnout in adolescent elite athletes and whether burnout is more common in individual sports than in team sports. The EABI was distributed to 980 athletes (402 females and 578 males) in 29 different sports. Confirmatory-factor analyses revealed an acceptable factorial validity for a theoretically supported four-factor model of the EABI. Between 1% and 9% of the athletes displayed elevated burnout scores on these four subscales. The hypothesis of higher prevalence of burnout in individual sports was, however, not supported. Furthermore, no correlation between training load and burnout scores was found. These findings suggest that factors other than training load must be considered when athletes at risk for burnout are investigated.
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| 7. |
- Hanin, Yuri, et al.
(författare)
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Metaphoric description of performance states : an application of the IZOF model
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Sport psychologist. - Champaign, Ill. : Human Kinetics. - 0888-4781 .- 1543-2793. ; 16:4, s. 396-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined feeling states prior to, during, and after best ever and worst ever competition in 85 skilled Russian athletes using metaphor-generation method (Hanin, 2000). Six situations elicited 510 idiosyncratic and functionally meaningful metaphors (67% animate and 33% inanimate agents) and 922 interpretative descriptors. Metaphors and descriptors reflected high action readiness in best ever competition and low action readiness in worst ever competition. Athletes used different metaphors to describe their feelings prior to, during, and after performance. Accompanying idiosyncratic descriptors had multiple connotations with different components of psychobiosocial state. Aggregated content of descriptors had high scores on optimal and low scores on dysfunctional state characteristics in best ever competition but not in worst ever competition. Future research directions and practical implications are suggested.
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| 8. |
- Henriksen, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Riding the wave of an expert : A successful talent development environment in kayaking
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Sport psychologist. - Champaigne, IL : Human Kinetics. - 0888-4781 .- 1543-2793. ; 25:3, s. 341-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The holistic ecological approach to talent development in sport highlights the central role of the overall environment as it affects a prospective elite athlete. This paper examines a flat-water kayak environment inNorwaywith a history of successfully producing top-level senior athletes from among its juniors. Principal methods of data collection include interviews, participant observations of daily life in the environment and analysis of documents. The environment was centered around the relationship between prospects and a community of elite athletes, officially organized as a school team but helping the athletes to focus on their sport goals, teaching the athletes to be autonomous and responsible for their own training, and perceived as very integrated due to a strong and cohesive organizational culture. We argue that the holistic ecological approach opens new venues in talent development research and holds the potential to change how sport psychology practitioners work with prospective elite athletes.The holistic ecological approach to talent development in sport highlights the central role of the overall environment as it affects a prospective elite athlete. This paper examines a flat-water kayak environment in Norway with a history of successfully producing top-level senior athletes from among its juniors. Principal methods of data collection include interviews, participant observations of daily life in the environment and analysis of documents. The environment was centered around the relationship between prospects and a community of elite athletes, officially organized as a school team but helping the athletes to focus on their sport goals, teaching the athletes to be autonomous and responsible for their own training, and perceived as very integrated due to a strong and cohesive organizational culture. We argue that the holistic ecological approach opens new venues in talent development research and holds the potential to change how sport psychology practitioners work with prospective elite athletes. © 2011 Human Kinetics, Inc.
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| 9. |
- Isoard-Gautheur, Sandrine, et al.
(författare)
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Athlete Burnout and the Risk of Dropout Among Young Elite Handball Players
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Sport psychologist. - : Human Kinetics. - 0888-4781 .- 1543-2793. ; 30:2, s. 123-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The negative feelings that are part of burnout syndrome may prompt athletes to drop out of their sport. The objective of the current study was therefore to examine the influence of athlete burnout profiles on playing status 6 years later. The participants of this study were 458 boys and girls between 14 and 18 years old (M = 15.44; SD =.95) enrolled in elite handball training centers. Cluster analysis on athlete burnout and multinomial logistic regressions on the playing status were conducted. The results suggest that those individuals with a "higher burnout" profile at Time 1 were more likely to have stopped playing handball 6 years later. It therefore seems important to develop strategies to prevent burnout in young athletes enrolled in elite training structures and to promote long-term engagement and well-being in elite sporting activity.
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| 10. |
- Johnson, Urban, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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On the Swedish road of becoming a professional practitioner in sport and exercise psychology : Students view's, hopes, dreams and worries
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Sport psychologist. - Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics. - 0888-4781 .- 1543-2793. ; 33:1, s. 75-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of sport and exercise psychology (SEP) has experienced a steady growth, and the professional practice and training of students has evolved over that time. Based on 2 past studies, the purpose was to describe a 2015 cohort of SEP students’ hopes, dreams, and worries about the future. The authors performed a thematic content analysis of essays from undergraduate students based on cohorts from 1995, 2005, and 2015. The results showed that the most recent students expressed more worries about the current situation in relation to perceptions about the future of their potential professional practice than the past groups. Four tendencies for the future emerged: continued development of applied sport psychology, increased interdisciplinary exchange and integration, inclusion of exercise and health as a vital part of the field, and increased acceptance of cultural variations. Implications for future professional practice and training in SEP are discussed.
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