| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Tove, et al.
(författare)
-
Interim Buprenorphine Treatment in Opiate Dependence: A Pilot Effectiveness Study.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Substance Abuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0889-7077 .- 1547-0164. ; 37:1, s. 104-104
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interim methadone treatment (i.e. temporary medication-only treatment) has been tested in a few US studies as a method for facilitated referral to and initiation of opioid maintenance treatment in heroin dependence. However, despite the favorable safety profile of buprenorphine compared to methadone, interim treatment with buprenorphine rarely has been tested and reported in the scientific literature. The present pilot effectiveness study aims to assess the feasibility of an interim buprenorphine treatment for initiation of individuals with opiate dependence into full-scale opioid maintenance treatment, and to study baseline predictors of successful transfer to full-scale treatment.
|
|
| 2. |
- Dahlman, Disa, et al.
(författare)
-
Behavioral characteristics and injection practices associated with skin and soft tissue infections among people who inject drugs : A community-based observational study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Substance Abuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0889-7077 .- 1547-0164. ; 38:1, s. 105-112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk for bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Although SSTIs pose significant health risks, little is known about their prevalence and characteristics in the population of PWID in the United States. This study investigates whether behavioral factors related to skin and equipment hygiene and tissue-damaging injection practices are associated with recent SSTIs among PWID. Methods: Active PWID were recruited using targeted sampling in San Francisco in 2011–2013. Interviewers collected information on behavioral risk factors of past-month self-reported SSTIs. Inferential analyses used multivariate logistic regression methods (i.e., generalized linear model) to characterize risk factors for past-month SSTIs. Results: The self-reported prevalence of lifetime, past-year, and past-month SSTI was 70%, 29%, and 11%, respectively. Several factors were significantly associated with past-month SSTIs in bivariate analysis, including injecting nonpowder drugs (odds ratio [OR] = 3.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23, 10.35; P = .01), needle-licking before injection (OR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.28, 8.81; P = .01), injecting with someone else's preused syringe/needle (OR = 7.97; 95% CI = 2.46, 25.83; P < .001), being injected by another person (OR = 2.63; 95% CI = 1.02, 6.78; P = .04), infrequent skin cleaning before injection (OR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.00, 6.10; P = .04), and frequent injections (P = .02). In multivariate analysis, only syringe/needle sharing (adjusted OR = 6.38; 95% CI = 1.90, 21.46) remained statistically significant. Conclusion: SSTIs are common among PWID. These data highlight the importance of clinical and public health screening efforts to reduce SSTIs. Needle exchange programs may be good venues for SSTIs screening and treatment.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Nehlin, Christina Gordh, et al.
(författare)
-
Alcohol and Drug Use, Smoking, and Gambling Among Psychiatric Outpatients : A 1-Year Prevalence Study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Substance Abuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0889-7077 .- 1573-6733 .- 1547-0164. ; 34:2, s. 162-168
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: Studies of alcohol habits in general psychiatric populations are scarce. The objective was to investigate alcohol and drug use, smoking, and gambling in a clinical sample of psychiatric outpatients. A further aim was to study age and gender differences in the rates of these habits. Methods: Data were collected among psychiatric outpatients with mainly mood (47%) and anxiety (35%) disorders. A questionnaire package was distributed, including AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), DUDIT (Drug Use Disorders Identification Test), tobacco items, and gambling items. Two major drinking categories were formed: Nonhazardous alcohol use (NH) and Alcohol use above hazardous levels (AH). Results: In total, 2160 patients (65% females) responded to the questionnaire package. The AH rate was high among psychiatric outpatients (28.4%), particularly among young females (46.6%). Young female patients also reported a high prevalence of problematic drug use (13.8%). Problematic drug use, daily smoking, and problematic gambling were frequent. The unhealthy habits were linked to AH. Conclusions: Alcohol and drug use, smoking, and gambling are all highly prevalent among psychiatric outpatients. Young females are in particular need of attention. Interventions should be tailored for co-occurring psychiatric disorders and applied within routine psychiatric care.
|
|
| 5. |
- Örtendahl, Monica, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors Affecting Continuation of Smoking by Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Substance Abuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0889-7077 .- 1573-6733 .- 1547-0164. ; 30:2, s. 150-157
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to test a framework based upon the value and the probability of outcomes related to smoking. Over a 2-week period, 80 women were asked to perform judgments of value and probability of the outcome for smoking-related consequences. Subgroups were formed by the two variables of pregnancy and intent to quit smoking. Judgments were performed given the conditions of quitting and not quitting smoking. The intent to quit or not quit smoking had an impact on expected utility of smoking. Moreover, there was a difference between expected utility given the conditions of not quitting smoking and quitting smoking. A framework based upon values and beliefs appears to be useful in describing the addictive behavior of smoking and can be applied in developing smoking-cessation education.
|
|
