| 1. |
- Bröjer, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Carbohydrate pellets to assess insulin dysregulation in horses
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0891-6640 .- 1939-1676. ; 37, s. 302-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundA glycemic challenge test is used for the diagnosis of insulin dysregulation (ID) in horses and ponies. Different forms of the test exist where the administrative route and dose of glucose vary, which makes interpretation of results challenging. Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the palatability of, and blood glucose and insulin responses to, carbohydrate pellets fed as an oral glucose test (OGT), and to establish the diagnostic threshold for ID when using the pellets. AnimalsUniversity and privately-owned horses and ponies (n = 157) comprised of 31 breeds and both sexes. MethodsMulticenter cohort study. A custom-produced glycemic pellet was offered for free intake at 0.5 g/kg BW soluble carbohydrate and serum insulin and blood glucose concentrations measured before and after (60, 120, and 180 minutes) the pellets were offered. Pellet acceptance and intake time (those that finished within 10 minutes) were determined to assess palatability. ResultsThe pellets were palatable to 132/157 animals, and ponies found the pellets more (P = .004) palatable than horses. The median intake time (4 [3-6] minutes) was positively correlated with acceptance grade (r = .51; P < .0001). Consumption of the pellets elicited peak blood glucose (6.6 [5.8-7.8] mmol/L) and serum insulin (40.5 [19-99.8] mu IU/mL) responses at 120 minutes. At 120 minutes the optimal cut-off was 83 mu IU/mL (95% CI: 70-99 mu IU/mL) for the IMMULITE 2000XPi assay. Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe pellets were palatable and a suitable, novel carbohydrate source for the OGT.
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| 2. |
- Häggström, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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No impact of polymorphism in the phosphodiesterase 5A gene in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels on pimobendan-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation response
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. - 0891-6640 .- 1939-1676. ; 37, s. 2145-2156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A variant in the canine phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5A gene (PDE5A: E90K) is associated with decreased concentrations of circulating cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and response to PDE5 inhibitor treatment. Pimobendan is a PDE inhibitor recommended for medical treatment of certain stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs.Hypothesis: PDE5A:E90K polymorphism attenuates the inhibitory effect of pimobendan on in vitro platelet aggregation and increases basal platelet aggregation in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS). Selected clinical variables (MMVD severity, sex, age, hematocrit, platelet count in platelet-rich plasma [PRP], and echocardiographic left ventricular fractional shortening [LV FS]) will not show an association with results.Animals: Fifty-two privately owned CKCS with no or preclinical MMVD.Methods: Using blood samples, we prospectively assessed PDE5A genotype using Sanger sequencing and adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation response (area under the curve [AUC], maximal aggregation [MaxA], and velocity [Vel]) with and without pimobendan using light transmission aggregometry. Dogs also underwent echocardiography.Results: Pimobendan inhibited platelet function as measured by AUC, MaxA, and Vel at a concentration of 10 mu M (P <.0001) and Vel at 0.03 mu M (P <.001). PDE5A:E90K polymorphism did not influence the inhibitory effect of pimobendan or basal platelet aggregation response.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The PDE5A:E90K polymorphism did not influence in vitro basal platelet aggregation response or the inhibitory effect of pimobendan on platelet aggregation in CKCS. Dogs with the PDE5A:E90K polymorphism did not appear to have altered platelet function or response to pimobendan treatment.
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| 3. |
- Pelander, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of cardiac troponin I as a predictor of death in critically ill cats
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0891-6640 .- 1939-1676. ; 37, s. 403-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAbnormally high serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration, reflecting leakage from or necrosis of cardiomyocytes, is a negative prognosticator for death in dogs. ObjectivesTo investigate in critically ill cats whether serum cTnI concentration is abnormally high, identify conditions associated with abnormally high cTnI concentrations, and evaluate cTnI as an independent prognosticator for death and a potential coprognosticator to the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLE) score in cats. AnimalsOne hundred nineteen cats admitted to intensive care units (ICU) and 13 healthy cats at 2 university teaching hospitals. MethodsProspective study. Clinical examinations were performed, APPLE scores calculated, and serum cTnI and serum amyloid A (SAA) measured within 24 hours after admission. Outcome was defined as death/euthanasia or survival to discharge, 28 and 90 days after ICU-admission. Prognostic capacity of cTnI, APPLE scores and models combining cTnI and scores were evaluated by receiver-operator-characteristic analyses. ResultsMedian (IQR) serum cTnI concentration was higher in ill (0.63 [0.18-2.65] ng/mL) compared to healthy (0.015 [0.005-0.041] ng/mL) cats (P < .001) and higher in subgroups with structural cardiac disease (2.05 [0.54-16.59] ng/mL; P < .001) or SAA >5 mg/L (0.84 [0.23-2.81] ng/mL; P = .009) than in cats without these characteristics (0.45 [0.12-1.70] and 0.35 [0.015-0.96] ng/mL). The in-hospital case fatality rate was 29%. Neither serum cTnI concentration for all critically ill cats (area-under-the-curve 0.567 [95% CI 0.454-0.680], n = 119) or subgroups (0.625 [0.387-0.863], n = 27; 0.506 [0.360-0.652], n = 86), nor APPLE scores (fast 0.568 [0.453-0.682], full 0.585 [0.470-0.699], n = 100), were significant prognosticators for death. Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAbnormally high serum cTnI concentration was common in critically ill cats. Unlike in dogs, cTnI did not confer prognostic information regarding death.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Rothlin Zachrisson, Ninni, et al.
(författare)
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Survival, remission, and quality of life in diabetic cats
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0891-6640 .- 1939-1676. ; 37, s. 58-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundRemission is documented in a substantial proportion of cats with diabetes. The effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the lives of cats and their owners should be considered when evaluating treatment success. ObjectivesTo study outcome in cats with DM and the impact DM has on the life situation of cat and owner. AnimalsDomestic and pedigree cats with a diagnosis of DM (n = 477) insured by a Swedish insurance company during 2009 to 2013. MethodsRetrospective cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was sent to 1369 owners of cats diagnosed with DM. The questions concerned the cat, treatment, owner perceptions of the disease and treatment and disease outcome. Data were analyzed using multiple linear and logistic regression, with outcomes set as survival for more than 4 weeks after diagnosis, survival time, achieving remission, remission without relapse and quality of life (QoL) for the cat. ResultsThe response rate was 35%, leaving 477 questionnaires for analysis. The remission rate among treated cats was 29% (118/405). Feeding a commercially available wet diet was associated with both remission (OR 3.16, 95% confidence interval 1.27-8.12) and remission without relapse (OR 14.8, 95% confidence interval 2.25-153.8). Remission was associated with a better QoL for the cat. Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe association between feeding a commercially available wet diet and remission is important and strengthens the role of diet in treatment of DM in cats. Linking remission and a better QoL for the cat emphasizes remission as a goal in disease management.
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| 6. |
- Truelsen Lindåse, Sanna, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term effects of canagliflozin on glucose and insulin responses in insulin dysregulated horses : A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0891-6640 .- 1939-1676. ; 37:6, s. 2520-2528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDecreasing hyperinsulinemia is crucial in preventing laminitis in insulin dysregulated (ID) horses. Complementary pharmacological treatments that efficiently decrease postprandial hyperinsulinemia in ID horses are needed.ObjectivesCompare short-term effects of canagliflozin vs placebo on glucose and insulin responses to an oral sugar test (OST) as well as the effects on body weight and triglyceride concentrations in horses with ID.AnimalsSixteen privately-owned ID horses.MethodsA single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study. The horses were randomized (ratio 1:1) to either once daily PO treatment with 0.6 mg/kg canagliflozin or placebo. The study consisted of an initial 3-day period for obtaining baseline data, a 3-week double-blind treatment period at home, and a 3-day follow-up period similar to the initial baseline period but with continued double-blind treatment. Horses were subjected to an 8-sample OST in the morning of the third day on both visits.ResultsMaximal geometric least square (LS) mean insulin concentration (95% confidence interval [CI]) during the OST decreased after 3 weeks of canagliflozin treatment compared with placebo (83.2; 55.4-125.0 vs 215.2; 143.2-323.2 μIU/mL). The geometric LS mean insulin response (insulin AUC0-180) for canagliflozin-treated horses was >66% lower compared with placebo. Least square mean body weight decreased by 11.1 (4-18.1) kg and LS mean triglyceride concentrations increased by 0.99 (0.47-1.5) mmol/L with canagliflozin treatment.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCanagliflozin is a promising drug for treatment of ID horses that requires future studies.
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| 7. |
- Truelsen Lindåse, Sanna, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term effects of canagliflozin on glucose and insulin responses in insulin dysregulated horses: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. - 0891-6640 .- 1939-1676. ; 37, s. 2520-2528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Decreasing hyperinsulinemia is crucial in preventing laminitis in insulin dysregulated (ID) horses. Complementary pharmacological treatments that efficiently decrease postprandial hyperinsulinemia in ID horses are needed.Objectives Compare short-term effects of canagliflozin vs placebo on glucose and insulin responses to an oral sugar test (OST) as well as the effects on body weight and triglyceride concentrations in horses with ID.Animals Sixteen privately-owned ID horses.Methods A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study. The horses were randomized (ratio 1:1) to either once daily PO treatment with 0.6 mg/kg canagliflozin or placebo. The study consisted of an initial 3-day period for obtaining baseline data, a 3-week double-blind treatment period at home, and a 3-day follow-up period similar to the initial baseline period but with continued double-blind treatment. Horses were subjected to an 8-sample OST in the morning of the third day on both visits.Results Maximal geometric least square (LS) mean insulin concentration (95% confidence interval [CI]) during the OST decreased after 3 weeks of canagliflozin treatment compared with placebo (83.2; 55.4-125.0 vs 215.2; 143.2-323.2 mu IU/mL). The geometric LS mean insulin response (insulin AUC(0-180)) for canagliflozin-treated horses was >66% lower compared with placebo. Least square mean body weight decreased by 11.1 (4-18.1) kg and LS mean triglyceride concentrations increased by 0.99 (0.47-1.5) mmol/L with canagliflozin treatment.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCanagliflozin is a promising drug for treatment of ID horses that requires future studies.
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| 8. |
- Nostell, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Serum amyloid A as a marker to detect sepsis and predict outcome in hospitalized neonatal foals
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0891-6640 .- 1939-1676. ; 36, s. 2245-2253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Serum amyloid A (SAA) has been reported to hold promise as diagnostic and prognostic marker in foals. This has not been investigated thoroughly. Objectives Evaluate admission SAA concentrations as predictor of sepsis and outcome. Animals Five hundred and ninety hospitalized foals <14 days old. Methods Retrospective multicenter study. Foals were scored with sepsis and survival scores, grouped according to health category (septic, sick but nonseptic, uncertain sepsis status) and outcome; septic foals were further categorized according to severity (normal sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock). SAA was compared between groups using Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Receiver operating characteristic curves identified optimal SAA cut off values for detecting sepsis and predicting outcome. Results Admission SAA concentrations differed significantly between sick nonseptic foals (312.1 +/- 685.4 mg/L) and septic foals (1079.7 +/- 1254.5 mg/L) and increased with increasing sepsis score. SAA did not differ between sepsis severity groups. The optimal cut off for sepsis detection was 1050 mg/L (sensitivity 30.2%, specificity 90.7%). Admission SAA concentrations were lower in surviving (435.0 +/- 723.6 mg/L) compared to nonsurviving foals (1062.7 +/- 1440.1 mg/L) and decreased with increasing survival score. The optimal cut off for nonsurvival prediction was 1250 mg/L (sensitivity 22.1%, specificity 90.8%). Conclusions and Clinical Importance SAA concentration was higher in septic foals and nonsurviving foals. Even though optimal cut offs for SAA to detect sepsis and predict outcome had low sensitivity, they had good specificity. SAA can therefore be used as a marker to rule out sepsis and nonsurvival.
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| 9. |
- Pringle, John, et al.
(författare)
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Repeated nasopharyngeal lavage predicts freedom from silent carriage of Streptococcus equi after a strangles outbreak
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0891-6640 .- 1939-1676. ; 36, s. 787-791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The value of repeated nasopharyngeal lavage (NPL) to detect silent carriers of Streptococcus equi has not been investigated. Hypothesis/Objectives Determine if results of serial testing for S. equi by NPL predicts subsequent true carrier status as determined by both NPL and guttural pouch lavage. Animals An outbreak of strangles with 100% morbidity in 41 mature Icelandic horses was followed prospectively to investigate development of silent carriers. All were initially positive to S. equi on NPL. The farm was closed to horse movement during the entire study. Methods Prospective observational study. Testing for S. equi was performed by NPL at weeks 18, 28, 29, and 30 postindex case and subsequently at week 45 by both NPL and guttural pouch lavage. Carrier status at week 45 was compared to results obtained at weeks 18, 28, 29, and 30. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Comparisons were made using Fisher's exact test or the Freeman-Halton extension with a P < .05 level of significance. Results Of 24 noncarriers at week 45, only 4 horses were negative on all 3 consecutive weekly NPL samples at weeks 28 to 30. However, 10 of the 11 horses with at least 3 negative NPL obtained from weeks 18, 28, 29, and 30 were S. equi-free at week 45 (P = .03). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Repeated NPL on at least 3 separate occasions can assist in predicting S. equi carrier-free status in horses after recovery from a strangles outbreak.
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| 10. |
- Öman, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Canine pyometra and urinary tract infection
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. - 0891-6640 .- 1939-1676. ; 36, s. 2529-2529
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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