| 1. |
- Berman, Anne H., et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Mental and Physical Well-Being Among Problematic Alcohol and Drug Users in 12-Month Internet-Based Intervention Trials
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0893-164X .- 1939-1501. ; 29:1, s. 97-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twelve-month well-being outcomes were investigated for 835 participants in 1 of 2 randomized controlled trials offering online assessment and brief intervention for either problematic alcohol (n = 633) or drug use (n = 202). The well-being of participants who had reduced their substance use to a less problematic level (regardless of intervention) over 12 months was compared with that of participants who had maintained or increased their use. At a 12-month follow-up, the 227 alcohol trial participants with reduced use showed better well-being in comparison to the 406 with stable or increased use, in physical health and sleep quality, as well as general well-being, ability to concentrate, lower stress, better social life satisfaction and sense of control, and a lower rate of depressed mood. Among the 70 drug trial participants who had reduced their drug use over 12 months, 80% had ceased all drug use, and at follow-up they had fewer alcohol-related problems than the stable group. No differences in well-being between these groups were identified. Self-reported access to additional treatment modalities beyond the trial interventions (e.g., speaking to someone about problematic use and accessing additional Internet-based interventions) was higher among participants in both cohorts with reduced substance use in comparison to those with stable/increased use. Drug users who reduced their use accessed prescribed medication to a larger extent than those whose use remained stable or increased. Points to consider when conducting future research on well-being and problematic substance use are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Grazioli, Véronique S, et al.
(författare)
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Protective behavioral strategies and future drinking behaviors : effect of drinking intentions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0893-164X .- 1939-1501. ; 29:2, s. 355-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol use is common among United States and Swedish high school students and is related to negative consequences. Whereas drinking intentions are associated with future drinking behaviors, the use of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) is associated with decreased alcohol-related harm among young adults. The interactive effect of PBS and drinking intentions in predicting alcohol outcomes has not been examined. Further, because most PBS studies have been conducted among U.S. college students, PBS research among other populations is needed. The aims of this study were to evaluate longitudinally (a) the relationships between drinking intentions, PBS and alcohol outcomes, and (b) the moderating roles of drinking intentions and country in these relationships among United States and Swedish high school drinkers. Data were collected at baseline, 6- and 12-month follow-ups on 901 Swedish and 288 U.S. high school drinkers. Drinking intentions were associated with more alcohol use and consequences, and use of certain PBS was related to fewer alcohol-related consequences over time. Additionally, the negative prospective relationship between use of PBS and alcohol use, but not alcohol-related consequences, was moderated by intentions, such that the relationship was stronger among participants endorsing high drinking intentions. Country did not moderate these relationships. These results provide initial support for the generalizability of PBS college research to United States and Swedish high school students and suggest that interventions targeting the use of PBS may be most effective among high school drinkers endorsing high drinking intentions.
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| 3. |
- Jonsson, Jakob, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Reaching Out to Big Losers : Exploring Intervention Effects Using Individualized Follow-Up
- 2023
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Ingår i: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0893-164X .- 1939-1501. ; 37:7, s. 886-893
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Previous research suggests that a brief duty-of-care telephone call to high expenditure customers was associated with lower gambling over the subsequent year. The current aim was to assess effects on individual trajectories rather than overall group effects reported previously. The objective was to identify different patterns of individual change over the follow-up year and explore differential responses of subgroups of individuals. Method: A matched pair design contrasting the outcome for telephone intervention with a no-intervention control condition. Five hundred and ninety-six statistical pairs randomly drawn from the top 0.5% of customers based upon annual expenditure at Norsk Tipping, Norway. Primary outcome measure was gambling theoretical loss (TL), derived from the Norsk Tipping gambling data warehouse. Player trajectories across time were identified using growth mixture modeling to assess differential intervention effects on homogenous subgroups of individuals. Results: Relatively low, medium, and high TL subgroups were identified. The telephone intervention was associated with greater reductions than the control condition for all three subgroups but showed the strongest effect for the subgroup with the highest TL. The intervention was most effective for casino and sport gamblers, male, young, and middle-aged. Conclusions: A brief duty of care telephone contact with high expenditure customers showed sustained effects over 12 months, in particular for individuals showing the highest level of TL. Examining trajectories using advanced statistical models identified customer characteristics most strongly associated with reduced TL. These findings can guide prevention strategies with evidence-based knowledge about differential effects.Public Health Significance StatementA brief contact intervention with high expenditure customers showed sustained positive effects, in particular for individuals showing the highest level of expenditure. Findings about differential effects for individuals with specific profiles can guide evidence-based knowledge prevention strategies to provide duty of care for gambling customers.
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| 4. |
- Jonsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Reaching Out to Big Losers: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Brief Motivational Contact Providing Gambling Expenditure Feedback
- 2019
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Ingår i: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0893-164X .- 1939-1501. ; 33:3, s. 179-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gambling disorder is a public health issue in many countries, and expectations that the gambling industry protects individuals from harm are increasing. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of providing personalized feedback on gambling intensity among high consumers of venue-based and online gambling in Norway. A randomized controlled trial design was used to evaluate how behavioral feedback by telephone or letters sent via surface mail affects subsequent gambling expenditure and use of responsible gambling tools and whether a follow-up contact increases the effect. Gambling expenditure, the primary outcome, was measured using theoretical loss, which is the actual cost to the player, adjusted for the house advantage. From the top .5% of customers based upon annual expenditure, a sample of 1,003 statistical triplets, matched on sex, age, and net losses, were randomly assigned to the feedback intervention by telephone, letter, or a no-contact control condition. Participants assigned to the phone call or letter were also randomly assigned to receive or not receive a subsequent follow-up contact. The results showed that over 12 weeks, theoretical loss decreased 29% for the phone and 15% for the letter conditions, compared with 3% for the control group. A positive effect of the follow-up contact was limited to participants who at the initial call indicated an interest in receiving a follow-up call. Contacting high consumers about their gambling expenditure appears to be an effective method for gambling companies to meet their duty to care for customers.
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| 5. |
- Litt, Dana M., et al.
(författare)
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Daily level examination indicates that positive affect, but not negative affect, is associated with alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents and young adults.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. - 0893-164X .- 1939-1501.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Although there is growing evidence that alcohol use at the daily level is associated with positivebut not negative affect, results are mixed when examining marijuana use and simultaneous alcohol andmarijuana (SAM) use (i.e., use with overlapping effects). In addition, less is known about these daily levelassociations among diverse samples of adolescents and young adults. The present study will address thesegaps. Method: Participants (N = 1,006; 57.3% female, 43.1% White, Non-Hispanic, ages 15−25; Mage =20.0) were part of a study on substance use that consisted of a 3-week ecological momentary assessment(EMA) burst design (eight surveys per week, up to 2×/day) that was repeated quarterly over a 12-monthperiod. Results: Within-person results indicated that on days with elevated positive affect, participantsreported consuming more drinks, whereas positive affect was not significant for hours high from marijuana.In addition, on days with elevated negative affect, participants reported fewer hours high from marijuana.No association was found between negative affect and number of drinks. Finally, within-person resultsindicated that on alcohol or marijuana days with elevated positive affect, individuals were more likely toreport SAM use. There was no association found between negative affect and SAM use. Conclusions:Results have implications such that in-the-moment interventions for alcohol and SAM use may be moresalient when individuals have higher positive affect than average, whereas such interventions may be morerelevant for marijuana use when negative affect is lower compared to average levels.
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| 6. |
- Pabst, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Direct and indirect effects of alcohol expectancies on alcohol-related problems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0893-164X .- 1939-1501. ; 28:1, s. 20-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates pathways from alcohol outcome expectancies to alcohol-related problems (ARPs), considering alcohol volume and episodic heavy drinking (EHD) as potential mediators. It is further examined whether these pathways vary by age. The population-based sample comprised 6,823 individuals aged 18 to 64 years reporting alcohol use in the past year. Direct and indirect effects of five alcohol expectancies (social assertiveness, tension reduction, sexual enhancement, cognitive impairment, aggression) and alcohol use (average daily intake, EHD) on a latent measure of ARPs (six items of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) were investigated. A multiple-group structural equation model with three age groups (18 to 24, 25 to 44, 45 to 64 years) was examined. In individuals aged 18 to 24 years, social assertiveness expectancies were positively associated with average intake and EHD, which in turn were associated with more ARPs. In addition, expectancies related to cognitive impairment and aggression were directly linked to more ARPs without mediation in this age group. In individuals aged 25 years and older, tension reduction expectancies were associated with more ARPs through increased average intake. In contrast, high scores on cognitive impairment were associated with lower average intake and in turn with fewer ARPs. Challenging expectancies of sociability in young and expectancies of relaxation in mid adulthood might help decrease high-risk drinking and subsequently ARPs. Considering negative alcohol expectancies may help to identify younger individuals at high risk for ARPs, even if they have not previously exhibited repeated excessive drinking.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Thal, Sascha B., et al.
(författare)
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Behavior Change Techniques in Physical Activity Interventions for Adults With Substance Use Disorders : A Systematic Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. - Washington : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0893-164X .- 1939-1501. ; 37:3, s. 416-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Increasing regular physical activity (PA) behavior may be an effective adjunct intervention for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. This systematic review aims to identify promising behavior change techniques (BCTs), namely, BCTs present in the design of interventions evidencing significant short-term and/or long-term (d ≥ 0.15 for objective measures and d ≥ 0.36 for self-report measures) increase in PA and/or reduction of substance use, secondary psychological measures, and retention in the PA intervention. Method: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and the search was performed on March 11, 2021 across databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ProQuest, Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar, Open Grey, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Studies were included if they measured PA, included participants aged ≥18 years, were randomized control trials, and if participants were diagnosed with SUDs. The Cochrane RoB 2.0 Tool was used to assess risk of bias. BCTs from eligible studies were extracted, coded, and ranked according to their proportional presence across studies. Results: The final synthesis included k = 61 studies with N = 12,887 participants. High heterogeneity across outcome measures, interventions, and control conditions was found. In total, 477 applications of BCTs were identified. Instruction on how to perform the behavior, social support (unspecified), behavioral practice/rehearsal, problem-solving, pharmacological support, goal setting (behavior), self-monitoring (behavior), and biofeedback were the eight most frequently used promising BCTs across studies. Conclusions: Incorporating the eight most promising BCTs identified in this review in future PA interventions in SUD populations may improve SUD outcomes. © 2022. American Psychological Association
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| 10. |
- Wall, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Gambler Clusters and Problem Gambling Severity : A Cluster Analysis of Swedish Gamblers Accessing an Online Problem Gambling Screener
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0893-164X .- 1939-1501. ; 35:1, s. 102-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been proposed that overall gambling involvement has a stronger association with problem gambling (PG) than any specific game type. However, few studies have used multiple analytic approaches on the same data set to assess these relationships. The aims of the current study were to identify patterns of gambling activity (PGAs) and to assess the relationships between different game types, PGAs, gambling involvement, and PG as measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), using two different approaches. In a sample of Swedish gamblers who screened their gambling habits at the Swedish national gambling helpline website (N = 7,463, 79% males), seven different PGAs were identified. Increased gambling involvement was associated with PG severity, and the strength of the association varied by game type. Online casino games and electronic gambling machines had the weakest involvement effect and lotteries the strongest. Almost 50% of the gamblers belonged to the online casino PGA, characterized by online casino gambling. Gamblers in this PGA showed higher PGSI scores compared to three PGAs: online sports/online casino, horse/lottery, and online sports, and they had lower PGSI scores compared to the diverse PGA, characterized by engagement in all game types. No differences in PGSI scores were found between gamblers in three PGAs with high probability of online casino gambling but with varying engagement levels in other game types. In a Swedish context, the results from this study indicate that the focus of prevention and regulation should be on game types with the strongest associations with PG, namely, online casino games.
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