| 1. |
- Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Industry Strategies for Energy Transition in the Wake of the Oil Crisis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Business and Economic History On-Line. - 0894-6825 .- 1941-7349. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores industry strategies to accomplish energy transition in the wake of the Oil Crisis in 1973 with the Swedish pulp and paper sector in the 1970s and the 1980s as case study. Over this period the use of fossil fuels was reduced by 70 percent within the sector. The lion’s share of this reduction was achieved by the substitution of oil by biofuels. Besides cutting the costs of energy this substitution also resulted in significant environmental improvements. Substituting oil by biofuels proved to be the overall most reasonable way to decrease the use of oil, even though alternatives such as coal were considered. Initially, oil reductions and energy conservation were accomplished by relatively small measures, but there was a great need for long-term R&D to push the technology development further. Inter-firm and state-firm collaborations therefore became strategically important. The strategies for substitution further interacted strongly with institutional changes in the energy policy field, the on-going greening of the industry as well as an urgent need to enhance international competitiveness. Our study concludes that the oil crises enforced a more sustainable production in a dynamic way, where government strategies to support and push technology development further played a central role.
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| 2. |
- Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Industry Strategies for Energy Transition in the Wake of the Oil Crisis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Business and Economic History On-Line. - 0894-6825 .- 1941-7349. ; 12, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper employs the Swedish pulp and paper sector in the 1970s and 1980s as a case study to explore industry strategies for accomplishing energy transition in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis. Over this period, the use of fossil fuels was reduced by 70 percent within the sector. The lion’s share of the reduction was achieved by the substitution of biofuels for oil. Besides cutting the cost of energy production, this substitution also resulted in significant environmental improvements. Substituting biofuels for oil proved to be the most reasonable way to decrease the use of oil, even though alternatives such as coal were considered. Initially, reductions in oil consumption and improvements in energy conservation were accomplished by relatively small measures, but there was a great need for long-term R&D to push technology development further. Inter-firm and state-firm collaborations therefore became strategically important. The strategies for substitution further interacted strongly with institutional changes in the energy policy field, the ongoing “greening” of the industry, as well as an urgent need to enhance international competitiveness. Our study concludes that the oil crises enforced more sustainable production in a dynamic way, where government strategies to support and push technology development further played a central role.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bergvall-Kåreborn, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Expanding the framework for monitor and control in soft systems methodology
- 1996
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Ingår i: Systems Practice. - 0894-9859. ; 9:5, s. 469-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) has been criticized for its interpretivistic stance by, among others, Critical systems thinkers. By locating problems inherent in the techniques of SSM, this paper proposes an expanded theoretical framework, concerning measure of performance in the conceptual models. The expansion is based on the theories behind Multi-Modal Methodology and has resulted in a new model of performance indicators for the design.
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| 5. |
- Sandgren, Fredrik, 1967-
(författare)
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A new quest for efficiency : the post war programme of the Federation of Swedish Wholesalers
- 2010
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Ingår i: Business and Economic History Online. - : Business History Conference. - 1941-7349. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the mid 1950s the activities of the Federation of Swedish Wholesalers (Sveriges Grossistförbund/SGF) were considered by the OEEC to be among the forerunners concerning the rationalization of European wholesaling. From the 1940s the SGF started to develop more systematic policies and activities to promote the rationalization of Swedish wholesaling. One important effort was the formation of the Wholesale Research Institute in 1943. Another was to produce and circulate publications, some aimed at the public, others for internal use, where measures to promote and implement means to create more efficient and profitable wholesale businesses were discussed. The focus of this paper is to analyze these publications, which I have labeled ”The Post War Program” of the SGF. The Post War Program of the SGF will be put into a wider context by discussing the general debate on rationalization of the distribution sector and also the important Post War Program of the Swedish Labor Movement, a program stressing the need for rationalization of the economy including arguments for increased government intervention or nationalization in case of markets failures.
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