| 1. |
- Ambrosio, Fabrisia, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of muscle loading on skeletal muscle regenerative potential : an update of current research findings relating to aging and neuromuscular pathology
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. - Baltimore : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0894-9115 .- 1537-7385. ; 88:2, s. 145-155
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skeletal muscle is a dynamic tissue with a remarkable ability to continuously respond to environmental stimuli. Among its adaptive responses is the widely investigated ability of skeletal muscle to regenerate after loading or injury or both. Although significant basic science efforts have been dedicated to better understand the underlying mechanism controlling skeletal muscle regeneration, there has been relatively little impact in the clinical approaches used to treat skeletal muscle injuries and wasting. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of the basic biology of satellite cell function in response to muscle loading and to relate these findings in the context of aging and neuromuscular pathology for the rehabilitation medicine specialist.
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| 2. |
- Borg, David N, et al.
(författare)
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Bicycling and tricycling road race performance in international para-cycling events between 2011 and 2019.
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0894-9115 .- 1537-7385. ; 101:4, s. 384-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: This study described bicycling (C-classes) and tricycling (T-classes) performance in International Cycling Federation road race events between 2011 and 2019. A total of 3,243 race results from 33 events were analyzed. Race velocity was calculated for each result. Bicycling and tricycling data were separately modelled using a linear mixed-effects model. Bicycling velocity was statistically different between all adjacent men's classes (Cohen's d = 0.14 to 0.73), and between the women's C1 and C2 (d = 1.15), and C3 and C4 (d = 0.48) classes. The absence of statistical differences between some women's bicycling classes may be due to a limited number of observations in these classifications. As expected, velocity was statistically different between men's (d = 1.64) and women's (d = 1.38) T1 and T2 classes. Road race performance was hierarchical within the disciplines of bicycling and tricycling, although not all adjacent women's bicycling classes were statistically different. The existence of a performance hierarchy does not necessarily validate the classification system. The integration of information regarding athlete impairment type and severity, with performance data, would provide greater insight into the validity of the classification system, and should be prioritized as an area of future research.
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| 3. |
- Godbolt, Alison K., et al.
(författare)
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Opportunity for Inpatient Brain Injury Rehabilitation for Persons in a Vegetative State Survey of Swedish Physicians
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. - 0894-9115 .- 1537-7385. ; 90:6, s. 482-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to document physicians' opinions on inpatient rehabilitation care for working-age patients in vegetative state after new acquired brain injury, given the absence of an established standard of post-acute care. Design: A postal survey of 3259 Swedish physicians was conducted. Results: Survey response rate was 33%. Of survey respondents, 51% reported that they knew the definition of vegetative state. Transfer of vegetative patients from acute care to inpatient rehabilitation was considered always warranted by 54% and never or only sometimes warranted by 31% of survey respondents, whereas 15% did not know or did not answer. Rehabilitation physicians most often considered an inpatient rehabilitation stay of around 3 mos to be appropriate, but there was a lack of consensus. Discharge from acute care direct to social care at least sometimes was reported by 39% of physicians. Conclusions: Physicians' opinions vary considerably on appropriate post-acute care for patients in vegetative state after acquired brain injury. This may impact on rates of referral and admission to rehabilitation units. Consensus is needed on a minimum period for and extent of rehabilitation interventions. Educational interventions should be targeted broadly to reach the wide range of specialties that may have responsibility for acute care of these patients.
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| 4. |
- Granlund, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Differentiating activity and participation of children and youth with disability in Sweden : a third qualifier in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth?
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. - 0894-9115 .- 1537-7385. ; 91:13:S1, s. S84-S96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:This article discusses the use of a third qualifier, subjective experience of involvement, as a supplement to the qualifiers of capacity and performance, to anchor activity and participation as separate endpoints on a continuum of actions.DESIGN:Empirical data from correlational studies were used for secondary analyses. The analyses were focused on the conceptual roots of the participation construct as indicated by the focus of policy documents, the support for a third qualifier as indicated by correlational data, differences between self-ratings and ratings by others in measuring subjective experience of involvement, and the empirical support for a split between activity and participation in different domains of the activity and participation component.RESULTS:Participation seems to have two conceptual roots, one sociologic and one psychologic. The correlational pattern between the qualifiers of capacity, performance, and subjective experience of involvement indicates a possible split between activity and participation. Self-ratings of participation provide information not obtained through ratings by others, and later domains in the activities and participation component fit better with measures of experienced involvement than earlier domains did.CONCLUSIONS:The results from secondary analyses provide preliminary support for the use of a third qualifier measuring subjective experience of involvement to facilitate the split between activity and participation in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Children and Youth version, activity and participation domain.
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| 5. |
- Johannesson, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes of a standardized surgical and rehabilitation program in transtibial amputation for peripheral vascular disease : a prospective cohort study
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0894-9115 .- 1537-7385. ; 89:4, s. 293-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the outcomes of a new surgical and rehabilitation program for initial unilateral transtibial amputation in patients with peripheral vascular disease. The program consists of sagittal incision, rigid dressing, compression therapy using silicone liner, and direct manufacturing prosthetic technique. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study with 1-yr follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 217 consecutive patients with peripheral vascular disease who underwent transtibial amputation (mean age, 77 yrs; 51% diabetic; 116 could walk before amputation), 119 (55%) were fitted with a prosthesis at a median time of 41 (range, 12-147) days after amputation. Of the prosthetic recipients, 76 (64%) obtained good function with the prosthesis within 6 mos. Within 1 yr, reamputation was performed on 8.2%, and contralateral amputation was performed on 5.5%. The 90-day mortality was 24% (53 patients). The total 1-yr mortality was 40% (86 patients): 17% among patients who received a prosthesis and 67% among those who did not receive a prosthesis or had undergone reamputation. CONCLUSIONS: Following this standardized surgical and rehabilitation program, prosthetic fitting was achieved in more than half of transtibial amputees, almost two-thirds of prosthetic recipients obtained good function, and the reamputation rate was low. Comparison with outcomes of alternative strategies is needed.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Liljedahl, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Isometric, dynamic, and manual muscle strength measures and their association with cycling performance in elite para-cyclists.
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0894-9115 .- 1537-7385. ; 102:5, s. 461-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Para-cycling classification aims to generate fair competition by discriminating between levels of activity limitation. This study investigated the relationship between lower limb Manual Muscle Tests (MMT) with ratio-scaled measures of isometric and dynamic strength, and of the ratio-scaled measures with cycling performance.DESIGN: Fifty-six para-cyclists (44 males, 12 females) with leg impairments performed isometric and dynamic strength tests: leg push and pull, and an all-out 20 s sprint. MMT results were obtained from the classification database (n = 21) and race speeds from time trials (n = 54).RESULTS: Regression analyses showed significant associations of MMT with isometric push (R2 = .49), dynamic push (R2 = .35), and dynamic pull (R2 = .28). Isometric strength was significantly correlated with dynamic push (ρ = .63) and pull (ρ = .54). The isometric and dynamic tests were significantly associated with sprint power and race speed (R2 = .16-.50).CONCLUSION: The modified MMT and ratio-scaled measures were significantly associated. The significant relation of isometric and dynamic strength with sprint power and race speed maps the impact of lower limb impairments on para-cycling performance. MMT and the isometric and dynamic measures show potential for use in para-cycling classification.
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| 8. |
- Littbrand, Håkan, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Applicability and effects of physical exercise on physical and cognitive functions and activities of daily living among people with dementia : a systematic review
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0894-9115 .- 1537-7385. ; 90:6, s. 495-518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: : The aim of this study was to systematically review the applicability (attendance, achieved intensity, adverse events) and effects of physical exercise on physical functions, cognitive functions, and activities of daily living among people with dementia.DESIGN: : Randomized controlled trials were identified in PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and the Cochrane Library on August 30 and September 1, 2010, according to predefined inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted predetermined data and assessed methodologic quality.RESULTS: : A qualitative analysis was performed, including ten studies. Most participants were people with Alzheimer disease in residential care facilities. Four studies reached "moderate" methodologic quality, and six reached "low." The studies of moderate quality evaluated the effects of combined functional weight-bearing exercise, combined functional and nonfunctional exercise, and walking exercise.CONCLUSIONS: : Among older people with Alzheimer disease in residential care facilities, combined functional weight-bearing exercise seems applicable for use regarding attendance and adverse events, and there is some evidence that exercise improves walking performance and reduces the decline in activities of daily living. Furthermore, there is some evidence that walking exercise performed individually reduces decline in walking performance, but adverse events need to be evaluated. Among older people with various types of dementia disorders who are staying in a hospital, there is some evidence that combined functional and nonfunctional exercise over 2 wks has no effect on mobility. It seems important that the interventions last for at least a few months and that the exercises are task-specific and are intended to challenge the individual's physical capacity. Among older people with unspecified dementia disorders in residential care facilities, there is some evidence that walking exercise performed at a self-selected speed has no effect on cognitive functions. Whether physical exercise can improve cognitive functions among people with dementia remains unclear because studies evaluating this have either been of low methodologic quality or used an intervention of presumably insufficient intensity. There is a need for more studies of high methodologic quality, especially among people with dementia disorders other than Alzheimer disease.
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| 9. |
- Maxwell, Gregor, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Using Social Capital to Construct a Conceptual International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Children and Youth Version-Based Framework for Stronger Inclusive Education Policies in Europe
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. - 0894-9115 .- 1537-7385. ; 91:13, s. S118-S123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inclusive education is part of social inclusion; therefore, social capital can be linkedto an inclusive education policy and practice. This association is explored in thisarticle, and a practical measure is proposed. Specifically, the World Health Organization’sInternational Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Childrenand Youth Version (ICF-CY) is proposed as the link between social capital andinclusive education. By mapping participation and trust indicators of social capitalto the ICF-CY and by using the Matrix to Analyse Functioning in Education Systems(MAFES) to analyze the functioning of inclusive education policies and systems,a measure for stronger inclusive education policies is proposed. Such a toolcan be used for policy planning and monitoring to ensure better inclusive educationenvironments. In conclusion, combining enhanced social capital linked tostronger inclusive education policies, by using the ICF-CY, can lead to better healthand well-being for all.
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| 10. |
- Miller, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Superimposed electrical stimulation - Assessment of voluntary activation and perceived discomfort in healthy, moderately active older and younger women and men
- 2006
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1537-7385 .- 0894-9115. ; 85:12, s. 945-950
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: An inability of the nervous system to fully activate the muscle is one factor that can contribute to age-related muscle weakness. Superimposed electrical stimulation can be used to determine voluntary muscle activation (VA). The aim of this study was to assess VA of the quadriceps muscle in healthy older and younger subjects. Design: Electrical stimulation causes moderate discomfort in younger subjects, but no study has assessed discomfort in older subjects. The quadriceps muscle In 20 moderately active older subjects (mean age, 75 yrs) and 12 younger subjects (mean age, 25 yrs) was stimulated during two maximal voluntary contractions using a 100-Hz pulse train. A visual analog scale for pain (VAS-pain) was used to evaluate discomfort. Results: Ability to activate the quadriceps muscle was generally very high, and there was no significant difference between the older (mean, 0.96) and younger (mean, 0.98) subjects. Discomfort did not differ between the older (mean VAS-pain score, 41 mm) and younger (mean VAS-pain score, 37 mm) subjects. Conclusions: Our results indicate that healthy, moderately active older subjects have the ability to almost complete VA of the quadriceps muscle and that discomfort during electrical stimulation is generally moderate.
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