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| 2. |
- Ekström, Simon, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Fast graph-cut based optimization for practical dense deformable registration of volume images
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. - : Elsevier. - 0895-6111 .- 1879-0771. ; 84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deformable image registration is a fundamental problem in medical image analysis, with applications such as longitudinal studies, population modeling, and atlas-based image segmentation. Registration is often phrased as an optimization problem, i.e., finding a deformation field that is optimal according to a given objective function. Discrete, combinatorial, optimization techniques have successfully been employed to solve the resulting optimization problem. Specifically, optimization based on α-expansion with minimal graph cuts has been proposed as a powerful tool for image registration. The high computational cost of the graph-cut based optimization approach, however, limits the utility of this approach for registration of large volume images. Here, we propose to accelerate graph-cut based deformable registration by dividing the image into overlapping sub-regions and restricting the α-expansion moves to a single sub-region at a time. We demonstrate empirically that this approach can achieve a large reduction in computation time - from days to minutes - with only a small penalty in terms of solution quality. The reduction in computation time provided by the proposed method makes graph-cut based deformable registration viable for large volume images. Graph-cut based image registration has previously been shown to produce excellent results, but the high computational cost has hindered the adoption of the method for registration of large medical volume images. Our proposed method lifts this restriction, requiring only a small fraction of the computational cost to produce results of comparable quality.
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| 3. |
- Forsberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Eigenspine: Computing the Correlation between Measures Describing Vertebral Pose for Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. - : Elsevier. - 0895-6111 .- 1879-0771. ; 38:7, s. 549-557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the concept of eigenspine, a concept applicable for determining the correlation between pair-wise combinationsof measures useful for describing the three-dimensional spinal deformities associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Theproposed data analysis scheme is based upon the use of principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correlation analysis(CCA). PCA is employed to reduce the dimensionality of the data space, thereby providing a regularization of the measurements,and CCA is employed to determine the linear dependence between pair-wise combinations of different measures. The usefulness ofthe eigenspine concept is demonstrated by analyzing the position and the rotation of all lumbar and thoracic vertebrae as obtainedfrom 46 patients suffering from adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The analysis showed that the strongest linear relationship is foundbetween the lateral displacement and the coronal rotation of the vertebrae, and that a somewhat weaker but still strong correlationis found between the coronal rotation and the axial rotation of the vertebrae. These results are well in-line with the generalunderstanding of idiopathic scoliosis. Noteworthy though is that the correlation between the anterior-posterior displacement and thesagittal rotation was not as strong as expected and that the obtained results further indicate the need for including the axial vertebralrotation as a measure when characterizing different types of idiopathic scoliosis. Apart from analyzing pair-wise correlationsbetween different measures, the method is believed to be suitable for finding a maximally descriptive low-dimensional combinationof measures describing spinal deformities in idiopathic scoliosis.
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- Hoefener, Henning, et al.
(författare)
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Deep learning nuclei detection: A simple approach can deliver state-of-the-art results
- 2018
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Ingår i: Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0895-6111 .- 1879-0771. ; 70, s. 43-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Deep convolutional neural networks have become a widespread tool for the detection of nuclei in histopathology images. Many implementations share a basic approach that includes generation of an intermediate map indicating the presence of a nucleus center, which we refer to as PMap. Nevertheless, these implementations often still differ in several parameters, resulting in different detection qualities. Methods: We identified several essential parameters and configured the basic PMap approach using combinations of them. We thoroughly evaluated and compared various configurations on multiple datasets with respect to detection quality, efficiency and training effort. Results: Post-processing of the PMap was found to have the largest impact on detection quality. Also, two different network architectures were identified that improve either detection quality or runtime performance. The best-performing configuration yields f1-measures of 0.816 on Hamp;E stained images of colorectal adenocarcinomas and 0.819 on Ki-67 stained images of breast tumor tissue. On average, it was fully trained in less than 15,000 iterations and processed 4.15 megapixels per second at prediction time. Conclusions: The basic PMap approach is greatly affected by certain parameters. Our evaluation provides guidance on their impact and best settings. When configured properly, this simple and efficient approach can yield equal detection quality as more complex and time-consuming state-of-the-art approaches. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 5. |
- Langner, Taro, et al.
(författare)
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Uncertainty-Aware Body Composition Analysis with Deep Regression Ensembles on UK Biobank MRI
- 2021
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Ingår i: Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-6111 .- 1879-0771. ; 93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Along with rich health-related metadata, an ongoing imaging study has acquired MRI of over 40,000 male and female UK Biobank participants aged 44-82 since 2014. Phenotypes derived from these images, such as measurements of body composition, can reveal new links between genetics, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic conditions. In this retrospective study, six measurements of body composition were automatically estimated by ResNet50 neural networks for image-based regression from neck-to-knee body MRI. Despite the potential for high speed and accuracy, these networks produce no output segmentations that could indicate the reliability of individual measurements. The presented experiments therefore examine mean-variance regression and ensembling for predictive uncertainty estimation, which can quantify individual measurement errors and thereby help to identify potential outliers, anomalies, and other failure cases automatically. In 10-fold cross-validation on data of about 8,500 subjects, mean-variance regression and ensembling showed complementary benefits, reducing the mean absolute error across all predictions by 12%. Both improved the calibration of uncertainties and their ability to identify high prediction errors. With intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) above 0.97, all targets except the liver fat content yielded relative measurement errors below 5%. Testing on another 1,000 subjects showed consistent performance, and the method was finally deployed for inference to 30,000 subjects with missing reference values. The results indicate that deep regression ensembles could ultimately provide automated, uncertainty-aware measurements of body composition for more than 120,000 UK Biobank neck-to-knee body MRI that are to be acquired within the coming years.
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| 6. |
- Lebre, Marie-Ange, et al.
(författare)
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A robust multi-variability model based liver segmentation algorithm for CT-scan and MRI modalities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0895-6111 .- 1879-0771. ; 76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing methods to segment the liver in medical images, study and analyze it remains a significant challenge. The shape of the liver can vary considerably from one patient to another, and adjacent organs are visualized in medical images with similar intensities, making the boundaries of the liver ambiguous. Consequently, automatic or semi-automatic segmentation of liver is a difficult task. Moreover, scanning systems and magnetic resonance imaging have different settings and parameters. Thus the images obtained differ from one machine to another. In this article, we propose an automatic model-based segmentation that allows building a faithful 3-D representation of the liver, with a mean Dice value equal to 90.3% on CT and MRI datasets. We compare our algorithm with a semi-automatic method and with other approaches according to the state of the art. Our method works with different data sources, we use a large quantity of CT and MRI images from machines in various hospitals and multiple DICOM images available from public challenges. Finally, for evaluation of liver segmentation approaches in state of the art, robustness is not adequacy addressed with a precise definition. Another originality of this article is the introduction of a novel measure of robustness, which takes into account the liver variability at different scales. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Mahbod, A., et al.
(författare)
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Fusing fine-tuned deep features for skin lesion classification
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. - : Elsevier. - 0895-6111 .- 1879-0771. ; 71, s. 19-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer. Early detection is important as it significantly improves survival rates. Consequently, accurate discrimination of malignant skin lesions from benign lesions such as seborrheic keratoses or benign nevi is crucial, while accurate computerised classification of skin lesion images is of great interest to support diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a fully automatic computerised method to classify skin lesions from dermoscopic images. Our approach is based on a novel ensemble scheme for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that combines intra-architecture and inter-architecture network fusion. The proposed method consists of multiple sets of CNNs of different architecture that represent different feature abstraction levels. Each set of CNNs consists of a number of pre-trained networks that have identical architecture but are fine-tuned on dermoscopic skin lesion images with different settings. The deep features of each network were used to train different support vector machine classifiers. Finally, the average prediction probability classification vectors from different sets are fused to provide the final prediction. Evaluated on the 600 test images of the ISIC 2017 skin lesion classification challenge, the proposed algorithm yields an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 87.3% for melanoma classification and an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 95.5% for seborrheic keratosis classification, outperforming the top-ranked methods of the challenge while being simpler compared to them. The obtained results convincingly demonstrate our proposed approach to represent a reliable and robust method for feature extraction, model fusion and classification of dermoscopic skin lesion images.
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| 10. |
- Piorkowski, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of applied corneal endothelium image segmentation techniques on the clinical parameters
- 2017
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Ingår i: Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-6111 .- 1879-0771. ; 55, s. 13-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The corneal endothelium state is verified on the basis of an in vivo specular microscope image from which the shape and density of cells are exploited for data description. Due to the relatively low image quality resulting from a high magnification of the living, non-stained tissue, both manual and automatic analysis of the data is a challenging task. Although, many automatic or semi-automatic solutions have already been introduced, all of them are prone to inaccuracy. This work presents a comparison of four methods (fully-automated or semi-automated) for endothelial cell segmentation, all of which represent a different approach to cell segmentation; fast robust stochastic watershed (FRSW), KH method, active contours solution (SNAKE), and TOPCON ImageNET. Moreover, an improvement framework is introduced which aims to unify precise cell border location in images preprocessed with differing techniques. Finally, the influence of the selected methods on clinical parameters is examined, both with and without the improvement framework application. The experiments revealed that although the image segmentation approaches differ, the measures calculated for clinical parameters are in high accordance when CV (coefficient of variation), and CVSL (coefficient of variation of cell sides length) are considered. Higher variation was noticed for the H (hexagonality) metric. Utilisation of the improvement framework assured better repeatability of precise endothelial cell border location between the methods while diminishing the dispersion of clinical parameter values calculated for such images. Finally, it was proven statistically that the image processing method applied for endothelial cell analysis does not influence the ability to differentiate between the images using medical parameters.
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