| 1. |
- Borgström, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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The retinacular ligaments of the digital extensor expansion revisited : An anatomical and biomechanical study
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Ingår i: Clinical Anatomy. - 0897-3806.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim was to clarify the anatomy and function of the retinacular ligaments. Forty-eight fingers were dissected and the thickness of the oblique retinacular ligament (ORL) was graded. In four fingers, the motion in the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints was subjected to an in-depth analysis before and after sectioning of either the lateral bands (LB) or the ORLs. The function of the ORLs in restricting flexion of the DIP joint with full extension of the PIP joint was measured in 10 fingers. An ORL could be identified on both sides in all 48 fingers. The distribution of the insertion on the proximal phalanx was 7/96 (7%) in the distal third, 70/96 (73%) in the middle third and 19/96 (20%) in the proximal third. Among the specimens, 29% were graded as having a strong bundle of fibers, 51% as having well-defined and regular fibers and 20% as having thin and sparse fibers. With the PIP joint extended, there was a statistically significant increase in flexion of the DIP joint after the ORL was cut. After the LB was sectioned, the ORL was able to extend the DIP joint with an extension lag of 10–22°. Cutting the ORL did not affect the ability to extend that joint. We conclude that the retinacular ligaments are consistent. Their major role is not connected with finger movement, but to provide stabilizing links between the PIP and DIP joints. They are active in not only specific, uncommon finger positions but also in ordinary use of the fingers.
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| 2. |
- Edsbagge, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Spinal cerebrospinal fluid volume in healthy elderly individuals.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.). - : Wiley. - 1098-2353 .- 0897-3806. ; 24:6, s. 733-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amount of spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could be of importance for the understanding of CSF dynamics, CSF biomarker analyses as well as for the amount and effect of anaesthesia using intrathecally administered drugs. However, knowledge of spinal CSF volumes is scarce. The main purpose of this article is to present data on spinal CSF volumes. In total, 22 healthy individuals aged between 64 and 76 years underwent MR imaging with a 3D balanced turbo field echo pulse sequence, which provided high contrast between spinal cord, CSF and the extradural surroundings. The entire spinal CSF volume, the cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral CSF volumes and the spinal cord volume were calculated. The total spinal CSF volume was 81 ± 13 ml (range 52-103 ml). The amount of CSF in the cervical region was 19 ± 4 ml, in the thoracic region 38 ± 8 and in the lumbosacral region 25 ± 7 ml. There was no difference between genders nor was there any correlation with height. The volume of the spinal cord was 20 ± 3 ml. The results present new magnetic resonance imaging-based data on the spinal CSF volume in healthy elderly individuals. Clin. Anat. 24:733-740, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 3. |
- Forsberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Landmark-Based Software for Anatomical Measurements : A Precision Study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y. Print). - : Wiley. - 0897-3806 .- 1098-2353. ; 22:4, s. 456-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to develop a software program, called Landmarker, which would aid studies of complex anatomical morphometry by simplifying the manual identification of landmarks in 3D images. We also tested its precision on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. To understand human biological variation, there is a need to identify morphological characteristics from the exterior and the interior of human anatomy. MRI, as opposed to other radiographic methods (mainly based on X-ray techniques), supplies good soft tissue contrast, which allows for more complex assessments than what bony landmarks can provide. Because automation of this assessment is highly demanding, one of the primary goals for the new software was to enable more rapid identification of landmark sets in 3D image data. Repeat acquisition of head MRIs having a resolution of 0.94 x 0.94 x 1.20 mm3 were performed on 10 volunteers. Intra- and interoperator, as well as interacquisition variations of manual identification of exterior, craniofacial interior, and brain landmarks were studied. The average distances between landmarks were <1.8 mm, <2.3 mm, and <2.0 mm in the intra- and interoperator, and interacquisition evaluations, respectively. This study presents new software for time efficient identification of complex craniofacial landmarks in 3D MRI. To the best of our knowledge, no evaluation of software for rapid landmark-based analysis of complex anatomies from 3D MR data has yet been presented. This software may also be useful for studies in other anatomical regions and for other types of image data.
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| 4. |
- Ohlsson, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing students understanding of cardiac physiology by using 4D visualization
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y. Print). - : WILEY. - 0897-3806 .- 1098-2353. ; 36:3, s. 542-549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Difficulties in achieving knowledge about physiology and anatomy of the beating heart highlight the challenges with more traditional pedagogical methods. Recent research regarding anatomy education has mainly focused on digital three-dimensional models. However, these pedagogical improvements may not be entirely applicable to cardiac anatomy and physiology due to the multidimensional complexity with moving anatomy and complex blood flow. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate whether high quality time-resolved anatomical images combined with realistic blood flow simulations improve the understanding of cardiac structures and function. Three time-resolved datasets were acquired using time-resolved computed tomography and blood flow was computed using Computational Fluid Dynamics. The anatomical and blood flow information was combined and interactively visualized using volume rendering on an advanced stereo projection system. The setup was tested in interactive lectures for medical students. Ninety-seven students participated. Summative assessment of examinations showed significantly improved mean score (18.1 +/- 4.5 vs 20.3 +/- 4.9, p = 0.002). This improvement was driven by knowledge regarding myocardial hypertrophy and pressure-velocity differences over a stenotic valve. Additionally, a supplementary formative assessment showed significantly more agreeing answers than disagreeing answers (p < 0.001) when the participants subjectively evaluated the contribution of the visualizations to their education and knowledge. In conclusion, the use of simultaneous visualization of time-resolved anatomy data and simulated blood flow improved medical students results, with a particular effect on understanding of cardiac physiology and these simulations may be useful educational tools for teaching complex anatomical and physiological concepts.
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| 5. |
- Petaros, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating sexual dimorphism in the human mastoid process : A viewpoint on the methodology
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y. Print). - : Wiley. - 0897-3806 .- 1098-2353. ; 28:5, s. 593-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mastoid process is one of the most sexually dimorphic features in the human skull, and is therefore often used to identify the sex of skeletons. Numerous techniques for assessing variation in the size and shape of the mastoid process have been proposed and implemented in osteological research, but its complex form still presents difficulties for consistent and effective analysis. In this article, we compare the different techniques and variables that have been used to define, measure, and visually score sexual dimorphism in the mastoid process. We argue that the current protocols fail to capture the full morphological range of this bony projection, and suggest ways of improving and standardizing them, regarding both traditional and 3D-based approaches. Clin. Anat. 28:593-601, 2015.
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| 6. |
- Saito, T, et al.
(författare)
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Pathways of anesthetic from the thoracic paravertebral region to the celiac ganglion
- 2002
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Ingår i: Clinical Anatomy. - : Wiley. - 0897-3806 .- 1098-2353. ; 15:5, s. 340-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Communication between the lower thoracic paravertebral region and the celiac ganglion through the retrocrural space was investigated. After dye was injected into the endothoracic fascia in the lower thoracic paravertebral region at the T11 level, its spread to the celiac ganglion was examined in fifteen cadavers. The dye reached the celiac ganglion in nine cadavers (60%) by passing through the retrocrural space, along the greater and lesser splanchnic nerves and through the split in the crus of the diaphragm through which the splanchnic nerves traveled. In the remaining six cadavers, dye spread toward the ganglion along the crus of the diaphragm. In three living subjects the spread of a radio-opaque dye injected in the same manner was studied using 3D-computed tomography. This study confirmed that the radio-opaque dye traveled toward the celiac ganglion along the crus of the diaphragm. From our results we suggest that a fluid communication may exist between the lower thoracic paravertebral region and the celiac ganglion in cadavers and in living humans and that clinicians should be aware of this possible route of spread when administering lower thoracic paravertebral anesthesia.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ten Donkelaar, Hans J., et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Terminologia Neuroanatomica
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y. Print). - : WILEY. - 0897-3806 .- 1098-2353. ; 30:2, s. 145-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article deals with a recent revision of the terminology of the Sections Central Nervous System (CNS; Systema nervosum centrale) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS; Systema nervosum periphericum) of the Terminologia Anatomica (TA, 1998) and the Terminologia Histologica (TH, 2008). These sections were extensively updated by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT) Working Group Neuroanatomy of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA). After extensive discussions by FIPAT, and consultation with the IFAA Member Societies, these parts were merged to form a Terminologia Neuroanatomica (TNA). After validation at the IFAA Executive Meeting, September 22, 2016, the TNA has been placed on the open part of the FIPAT website () as the official FIPAT Terminology. This article outlines the major differences between the TNA and the TA. Clin. Anat. 30:145-155, 2017. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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