| 1. |
- Heller, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship Between Physical Housing Characteristics, Housing Accessibility and Different Aspects of Health Among Community-Dwelling Older People : A Systematic Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications Inc.. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 36:1-2, s. 120-132
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives : To synthesize the evidence on the relationships between physical housing characteristics or housing accessibility and different aspects of health among community-dwelling people 60 years and older. Methods : A systematic review of recent evidence with a narrative synthesis was conducted. Results : We included 15 studies and found three themes covering physical housing characteristics or housing accessibility that are associated with aspects of health among community-dwelling older adults: (1) interventions by home modifications targeting housing features both at entrances and indoors; (2) non-interventions targeting indoor features; (3) non-interventions targeting entrance features, that is, the presence of an elevator or stairs at the entrance. The overall quality of evidence across studies was assessed as very low. Discussion : The findings highlight the need for studies with a stronger research design and higher methodological quality that address the physical housing environment in relation to health among older adults to strengthen the body of evidence.
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| 2. |
- Finkel, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort by Education Interactions in Longitudinal Changes in Functional Abilities
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : Sage Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 32:3-4, s. 208-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Investigations of cohort differences in relationships between education and health tend to focus on mortality or self-reported health. We report one of the first analyses of cohort differences in relationships between education and objective measures of functional abilities across the lifespan.METHOD: Up to 26 years of follow-up data were available from 859 adults from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. The sample was divided into two cohorts by birth year: 1900-1924 and 1925-1948. Latent growth curve models (LGCM) were compared across cohort and educational levels.RESULTS: LGCM indicated divergence between adults with lower and higher educational attainment in longitudinal trajectories of change with age in the Balance and Flexibility factors for the later born cohort only.DISCUSSION: Results support the cumulative advantage theory and suggest that education-health disparities are increasing in recent cohorts, even in counties with national health care systems and strong support of education.
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| 3. |
- Harling, Guy, et al.
(författare)
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Impairment in Activities of Daily Living, Care Receipt, and Unmet Needs in a Middle-Aged and Older Rural South African Population : Findings From the HAALSI Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : Sage Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 32:5-6, s. 296-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the degree to which care needs are met in an aging rural African population. Method: Using data from the Health and Aging in Africa: Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community (HAALSI) baseline survey, which interviewed 5,059 adults aged older than 40 years in rural South Africa, we assessed the levels of limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) and in unmet care for these ADLs, and evaluated their association with sociodemographic and health characteristics. Results: ADL impairment was reported by 12.2% of respondents, with the proportion increasing with age. Among those with ADL impairment, 23.9% reported an unmet need and 51.4% more a partially met need. Relatives provided help most often; formal care provision was rare. Unmet needs were more frequent among younger people and women, and were associated with physical and cognitive deficits, but not income or household size. Discussion: Unmet care needs in rural South Africa are often found among individuals less expected to require care.
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| 4. |
- Payne, Collin F., et al.
(författare)
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Life-Course Trauma and Later Life Mental, Physical, and Cognitive Health in a Postapartheid South African Population : Findings From the HAALSI study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : Sage Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 32:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the relationships between exposure to life-course traumatic events (TEs) and later life mental, physical, and cognitive health outcomes in the older population of a rural South African community.Method: Data were from baseline interviews with 2,473 adults aged >= 40 years in the population-representative Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI) study, conducted in 2015. We assessed exposure to 16 TEs, and used logistic regression models to estimate associations with depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), activities of daily living disability, and cognitive impairment.Results: Participants reported an average of 5 (SD = 2.4) TEs over their lifetimes. Exposure was ubiquitous across sociodemographic and socioeconomic groups. Trauma exposure was associated with higher odds of depression, PTSD, and disability, but not with cognitive health.Discussion: Results suggest that TEs experienced in earlier life continue to reverberate today in terms of mental health and physical disability outcomes in an older population in rural South Africa.
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| 5. |
- Shaw, Benjamin A., et al.
(författare)
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Trends in the Mortality Risk of Living Alone during Old Age in Sweden, 1992–2011
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : Sage Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 32:10, s. 1399-1408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study investigates the association between living alone and mortality over a recent 19-year period (1992–2011).Method: Data from a repeated cross-sectional, nationally representative (Sweden) study of adults ages 77 and older are analyzed in relation to 3-year mortality.Results: Findings suggest that the mortality risk associated with living alone during old age increased between 1992 and 2011 (p =.076). A small increase in the mean age of those living alone is partly responsible for the strengthening over time of this association. Throughout this time period, older adults living alone consistently reported poorer mobility and psychological health, less financial security, fewer social contacts, and more loneliness than older adults living with others.Discussion: Older adults living alone are more vulnerable than those living with others, and their mortality risk has increased. They may have unique service needs that should be considered in policies aiming to support aging in place.
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| 6. |
- Sternäng, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Associations Between Functional Biological Age and Cognition Among Older Adults in Rural Bangladesh : Comparisons With Chronological Age
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 31:5, s. 814-836
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: We constructed a functional biological age (fBioAge) indicator by using four functional variables: grip strength, forced expiratory lung volume, visual acuity, and hearing. Our aim was to compare how chronological age (ChronAge) and fBioAge are related to cognitive abilities in older adults. Method: We used data from the Poverty and Health in Aging project, Bangladesh. Participants (N = 400) were 60+ years of age and diagnosed as nondemented. Examined cognitive abilities were four episodic memory measures (including recall and recognition), two verbal fluency indicators, two semantic knowledge, and two processing speed tasks. Results: fBioAge accounted for cognitive variance beyond that explained by ChronAge also after controlling for medical diagnoses and blood markers. Discussion: Compared with ChronAge, fBioAge was a stronger predictor of cognition during a broad part of the old adult span. fBioAge seems, in that respect, to have the potential to become a useful age indicator in future aging studies.
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| 7. |
- Nilsen, C, et al.
(författare)
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Erratum
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of aging and health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-6887 .- 0898-2643. ; 30:2, s. 321-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nilsen, C., Agahi, N., & Kåreholt, I. (2017): Work stressors in late midlife and physical functioning in old age. Journal of Aging and Health, 29, 893–911. DOI: 10.1177/0898264316654673 In the above article, on page 903, the following paragraph has been placed incorrectly “example, passive jobs have been associated with an inactive lifestyle in men but not women (Gimeno et al., 2009). However, the association remained after controlling for lifestyle factors (physical activity and smoking), although the results regarding mobility problems and limited physical performance were slightly attenuated (Table 4, Model II). Another possibility is that other activities outside work that help people cope with work stressors differed for women and men. It is also possible that passive jobs are as stressful for men as high-strain jobs are for women. Perhaps men with passive jobs did not live up to ideas of hegemonic masculinity, and this, in turn, might have resulted in stress. The general pattern we observed—that in men, high job demands were somewhat protective of physical functioning, whereas in women, high job demands decreased physical functioning—has been noted in earlier studies (Karlqvist et al., 2002; Nilsen et al., 2014). Job demands may be viewed differently by men than women; alternatively, in men in these birth cohorts, job demands may have been an indicator of intellectual engagement at work.” This paragraph should appear on page 906 after the following sentence “The sex differences in the associations between work stressors and physical functioning in old age may have been due to differences in lifestyle; for”.
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| 8. |
- Fauth, Elizabeth B., et al.
(författare)
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Associations between Fine Motor Performance in Activities of Daily Living and Cognitive Ability in a Nondemented Sample of Older Adults : Implications for Geriatric Physical Rehabilitation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : Sage Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 29:7, s. 1144-1159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Fine motor ability (FMA) is essential in certain activities of daily living (ADL) and is considered mostly as a component of physical function. We hypothesize that cognitive ability explains significant variance in ADL-related FMA, above and beyond what is explained by physical ability (grip strength).Method: Origins of Variance in the Old Old Study (OCTO)-Twin participants (n = 218), aged 80+ (dementia, stroke, Parkinson's disease excluded) were assessed on depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale [CES-D]), a cognitive battery, grip strength, and FMA.Results: In a series of ordinary least squares regression models, FMA was not associated with gender or depressive symptoms, but was associated with age (marginally; β = '.164, p =.051), grip strength (β = '.381, p <.01), and one cognitive measure, perceptual speed (β = '.249, p <.01).Discussion: In nondemented older adults, cognitive speed predicts ADL-related FMA after controlling for age and physical ability. Physical rehabilitation of FMA in ADL tasks should consider the importance of cognitive ability, even in nondemented older adults.
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| 9. |
- Franz, CE, et al.
(författare)
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Facets of Subjective Health From Early Adulthood to Old Age
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of aging and health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-6887 .- 0898-2643. ; 29:1, s. 149-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Subjective health is a complex indicator predicting longevity independent of objective health. Few studies examine genetic and environmental mechanisms underlying different facets of subjective health across the life course. Method: Three subjective health measures were examined in 12,900 twins ( Mage = 63.38, range = 25-102) from nine studies in the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies Consortium: self-rated health (SRH), health compared with others (COMP), and health interfering with activities (ACT). Results: Analyses indicated age and sex differences in mean scores depending on the measure. SRH and ACT showed significant linear and non-linear moderation by age for individual differences in both genetic and environmental variance. Significant sex differences in components of variance were found for SRH and ACT, but not COMP. Discussion: Subjective health appears to be dependent on frame of reference and reflect different aspects of health. Results suggest different genetic and environmental mechanisms underlie each facet.
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| 10. |
- Nilsen, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Work Stressors in Late Midlife and Physical Functioning in Old Age
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 29:5, s. 893-911
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between work stressors in late midlife and physical functioning in old age. Method: Two linked nationally representative Swedish surveys were used: the 1991 Level of Living Survey (age 57-65) and the 2011 Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old. Work stressors were measured with the job demand-control model and physical functioning in old age with physical performance tests, lung function tests, and self-reported mobility. Ordered logistic and linear regressions were performed (n = 166-214). Results: High demands, low control, and high strain (i.e., high demands combined with low control) were associated with limited physical functioning in women. Low control and passive jobs were associated with limited physical functioning in men. Discussion: Work stressors in late midlife are important predictors of physical functioning in older adults. However, women and men seem to be vulnerable to different work stressors.
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