| 1. |
- Björkstén, B
(författare)
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Immunological outcome measures
- 1996
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. Supplement. - 0904-1850. ; 21, s. 22s-27s
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Grigg, J., et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory markers of outcome
- 1996
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. Supplement. - 0904-1850. ; 21, s. 16s-21s
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A significant proportion of early childhood wheezing appears not to be due to atopy-induced pulmonary inflammation, and mediator studies in atopic adults and older children may not be relevant to this age group. The usefulness of inflammatory markers in young children is related to 1) whether atopic and nonatopic wheezing are associated with different patterns of pulmonary inflammation, and 2) whether indirect measurements truly reflect the inflammatory milieu within the lung. Both assumptions remain unproved. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) directly samples the alveolar milieu and is a potential tool for defining both the pulmonary mediator profile, and to validate plasma mediator concentrations. BAL fluid (BALF) eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentrations accurately reflect pulmonary eosinophil activation, and the BALF interleukin-2 to interleukin-4 ratio may be helpful in defining those children with established pulmonary sensitization to allergen. Of the mediators that have been measured in the plasma, ECP eosinophil protein X (EPX) and major basic protein (MBP) correlate well with atopy-induced wheezing. However atopic activation in other sites may also increase the plasma concentrations of eosinophil-specific mediators. The profile of adhesion molecules in the plasma (e.g. soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selection) reflects transmigration of specific types of leucocytes across the pulmonary endothelium. To date, the potential of this group of soluble markers to define the nature of pulmonary inflammation is unclear. More information is therefore required on pulmonary inflammation in early childhood to guide the future use of plasma markers.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kelly, M. M., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of fluid-phase mediators
- 2002
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. Supplement. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0904-1850. ; 37, s. 24s-39s
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Ljungqvist, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Biomarker for welding exposure in exhaled endogenous particles
- 2014
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. Supplement. - 0904-1850.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- More than two million workers are exposed to pneumotoxic welding aerosols and there is a need for target organ specific biomarkers of exposure. Manganese is a common constituent of iron alloys, its occupational exposure limit is low and other biomarkers are poor, which makes it a good model substance. We hypothesize that metal particles are deposited in the small airways and are incorporated into endogenous particles formed during respiration. A subsequent analysis of these particles in exhaled air (PEx) can serve as a biomarker for metals in welding fumes. We have recently developed a method for the collection of PEx (Almstrand, A.-C. et al. Anal Chem 2008; 81:662-668), based on counting of the exhaled particles and subsequent collection by impaction on a filter. Here we developed a method for analysis of trace metal content, i.e. manganese and iron in PEx. The method involved desorption of the filter in 5% nitric acid and analysis of the metal content by ICP-MS. To test our hypothesis, we exposed 9 healthy non-smokers (4F/5M, 29-63 years) to welding aerosol in an exposure chamber (Isaxon, C. et al. Aerosol Sci Tech 2012; 47:52-59) for two hours. Manganese and iron was analysed in PEx samples collected before, immediately after and 24 h after exposure. The results showed that 4 out of 9 persons had substantially increased levels of both manganese and iron in PEx immediately after exposure. Before exposure two samples had an iron content above limit of detection and none of the samples collected after 24 h. Manganese was below LOD in all samples collected before and 24 h after exposure. The study showed that the analysis of metals in PEx is a promising biomarker for metal aerosol exposure.
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| 7. |
- Ljungqvist, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Lipid composition of particles in exhaled air (PEx) from workers exposed to welding fumes
- 2016
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. Vol. 48, Suppl 60. PA385. - 0904-1850.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- More than two million workers are exposed to pneumotoxic welding aerosols and there is a need for biomarkers of effects on the respiratory system. The lipid composition of the respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF) is such a potential marker. The most abundant pulmonary surfactant phospholipid is dipalmitoylphosphocholine (DPPC). It is specific for the airways, while palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) is a common lipid in tissues and body fluids. We hypothesize that the amounts of or ratio between DPPC and DOPC are changed due to short term and/or long term exposure to welding fumes. We have developed a method for the collection of PEx, based on counting of the exhaled particles and subsequent collection by impaction on a teflon membrane. We have also developed a method for analysis of lipids in PEx based on LC/MS. We measured the exposure to iron, manganese, chromium and nickel of 18 stainless steel welders and also analyzed DPPC and DOPC in PEx samples taken at the end of the exposure measurement day. The welders working history was also recoded and summarized as welding years. Spirometry and nitrogen multiple breath wash out were also measured but the results are not yet evaluated. There were no significant correlations between the short term exposure to either iron, manganese, chromium or nickel and the fraction of DPPC in PEx or the ratio DPPC/DOPC. However, there was a tendency of correlation (Spearman correlation coefficient= 0.407 with p-value 0.09) between welding years and the DPPC/DOPC ratio. In this pilot study we could not establish short term effects of welding exposure on the RTFL lipid composition but a tendency of change due the long time exposure.
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