| 1. |
- Engkvist, Inga-Lill, 1950-
(författare)
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The accident process preceding back injuries among Australian nurses
- 2004
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 42:3, s. 221-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A prospective dynamic-population-based study was conducted to investigate factors involved in the accident process preceding over-exertion back injuries among nursing personnel. All reported occupational over-exertion back injuries due to accidents among nurses in hospitals included in one network in Melbourne during 13 months were investigated. The assumption was that several factors interact in the accident process causing a back injury, and therefore detailed information was obtained for each injury by interviews with the injured person. Risks in the physical environment were identified using an ergonomic checklist. During the study period 127 nurses who had reported accidents leading to over-exertion back injury were interviewed. Cluster analysis yielded five well-defined clusters and their pattern of contributing factors for the accident process. The most frequent over-exertion back injury occurred during patient transfer in the bed or to/from the bed. Transfer devices were rarely used, most often due to lack of devices. Risks in the environment, most often lack of space, and/or lack of transfer devices often compelled the nurse to work in an awkward position. The nurse often felt rushed/stressed. The clusters showed the complexity of these kinds of accidents, and indicated that the measures for prevention must be of different kinds and at several different levels in the organization. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Gao, Chuansi, et al.
(författare)
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The assessment of the integration of slip resistance, thermal insulation and wearability of footwear on icy surfaces
- 2002
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 40:7-8, s. 613-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prevention of slip hazard in frozen environments is not paid much attention. Current winter and safety footwear does not provide sufficient slip resistance and appropriate wearability for use on icy surfaces. The objectives of this study were to assess the integration of slip resistance, thermal insulation, and wearability of footwear used on icy surfaces, and the anti-slip effect of materials spread on ice using outdoor walking trials. Twenty-five subjects wore four types of footwear walking on five different icy surfaces. A five-point rating scale was used recording wearer's perceptions of slipperiness, thermal comfort and wearability. The results showed that pure ice was perceived as very slippery. Spreading sand (180 g/m(2)) greatly decreased the slipperiness. Slip resistance, thermal insulation and wearability of footwear tested were not properly integrated, and were ranked differently. The tested winter and safety footwear did not provide Sufficient slip resistance and good wearability. In addition to thermal insulation, prevention of slip and fall hazard by improving anti-slip property and wearability must also be priorities for development of footwear for use in cold climate.
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| 3. |
- Harms-Ringdahl, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Approaches to accident prevention : a comparative study of eleven Swedish authorities
- 1995
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 21:1, s. 51-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comparison has been made between 11 Swedish authorities involved in accident prevention. The authorities' fields of responsibility were in industry, transportation, the environment, and medical care. The aim of the investigation has been to examine approaches to and methods for the prevention of accidents. Representatives from the authorities participated in three seminars and responded to a questionnaire. There are several issues and problems which are of common concern to the authorities. A majority state that one of their greatest problems is to get the "object" of their surveillance to take responsibility, act in a committed manner and work systematically. Also, nearly all state that there are safety problems with computer-controlled equipment and with demands imposed on individuals, e.g., skills demands. At a majority of the authorities, development is in progress of methodologies to be utilized in safety matters. This applies, for example, to the investigation of accidents, surveillance and inspection, and the scrutiny of results from safety analyses. There did not seem to be any appreciable collaboration between authorities across sectoral boundaries with regard to development aimed at safety issues. However, a need for such collaboration appeared to have advantages. Only a few of the authorities gave prominence to contacts with the international scientific community as a means for improving their approaches and working methods in relation to safety.
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Tore J., et al.
(författare)
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The distribution of occupational injury risks in the State of Victoria
- 2002
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 40:5, s. 419-437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on a merger of workers' compensation data from the public fund Victorian Work-cover Authority for the period 1992-1998 and denominator data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1996 Census, the relative distribution of occupational injury risk in the state of Victoria has been calculated. A reconstituted occupational code, made from combining the present Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) occupational and industrial codes, was used to differentiate occupations in relation to hazards. A four-part injury severity index, generated by the claims settling process, has been used to differentiate occupations, tasks and activities in terms of priorities for intervention and prevention. Occupational injury incidence and severity in Victoria between 1992 and 1998 has been analysed. Among large and small occupational groups the combined criteria of high annual injury incidence and extreme injury severity have identified the following occupational groups as the top priorities for prevention counter-measures in Victoria: Glass, clay, stone workers; Miners, drillers; Forestry and logging workers; Roof layers; Car and delivery drivers; Wood industry workers; Other construction workers. Ergonomic interventions, together with the prevention of falls and power tool incidents related to the relevant occupational exposures, were discussed.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Tore J, et al.
(författare)
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The distribution of occupational injury risks in the Victorian construction industry : Part 2
- 2002
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 40:5, s. 439-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on a merger of workers' compensation data from the public fund Victorian Workcover Authority for the period 1996–1998 and denominator data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1996 Census, the relative distribution of occupational injury risk in the Victorian construction industry has been calculated. A four-part injury severity index, generated by the claims settling process, has been used to differentiate occupations, tasks and activities in terms of priorities for intervention and prevention. Falls from height represents the major severe injury problem in the Victorian construction industry. However, the fall risk problem is associated with different equipment and different tasks among the different occupational groups in the construction process and requires a variety of architectural, engineering and design solutions.
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| 6. |
- Morin, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Computer-supported visualization of rescue operations
- 2000
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 35:1-3, s. 3-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effective emergency management and response require a thorough understanding of the processes involved in a rescue operation and their interaction. Appropriate methods and tools for computer visualization of rescue operations can greatly facilitate activities such as command and control, system analysis, training, evaluation, and transfer of lessons learned. To this end, we introduce a method for systematic analysis, modeling and visualization of a rescue scenario. Models of rescue scenarios, prepared in advance, serve as the basis for data collection during an operation. The data collected are visualized in a computer tool with several views that can be customized according to the needs of different users. We demonstrate the method by applying it to a rescue operation where a taskforce trains for emergency response to a chemical incident.
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| 7. |
- Ruth, Walter
(författare)
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Union goes to university : A training program to balance the employers' dominance in the planning of new technology and organizational development
- 1996
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 23:2-3, s. 189-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are several union schools in Sweden with training programs and courses for local union officers and safety representatives on negotiation techniques, agreements, rules and legislation, basic ergonomics, and working environment matters. Swedish universities arrange open courses on diverse topics, running for one or two terms on a part time basis, thereby making it possible to combine studying and working. There are five basic strategies of obstacles to balanced worker's participation, namely ingrained patterns hampering union representatives to act in a new role and employer's control of information, project demarcation, time, and planning language
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| 8. |
- Thorstensson, Mirko, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring and Analysis of Command Post Communication in Rescue Operations
- 2001
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 39:1-2, s. 51-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of a command post staff has a decisive effect on the outcome of a rescue operation when it comes to co-ordination and management of various rescue forces. Monitoring and documentation of the internal work and communication processes that take place in a command team can increase the ability to investigate and understand cause–effect relationships between incoming field reports, operational procedures, decisions, commands and the rescue response in the field. To this end we present a method and a software tool that enable an observer to monitor and record communication events in a command post staff. The method extends link analysis by introducing time stamping and classification of events. Thus, extended link analysis enables both cumulative measures and detailed temporal analysis of staff communication. The software tool supports configuration, monitoring, time stamping and classification of communication events. It can export data in standard formats for statistical analysis and visualisation.
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| 9. |
- Worm, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Mission efficiency analysis : evaluating and improving tactical mission performance in high-risk, time-critical operations
- 1998
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 30:1-2, s. 79-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An unconditional necessity for effective emergency response, military missions, and other high-risk, tactical operations is that missions are supported by highly capable management. This implies the need for an omnidirectional, continuous flow of information, ranging from the chief executive level to the team-on-site levels, and that information meets rigorous demands concerning reliability, availability and diagnosticity. Sometimes individual operators and sensor systems must without delay be allowed to affect decisions and actions of a senior commander. These requirements cannot be fulfilled unless new and innovative methods, tools and technologies are developed to support comprehensive evaluation and assessment of tactical operations. In this paper, we employed a new technique of analysing team decision making and mission resource management of units performing tactical emergency response missions. In a pilot study we investigated the performance of the mission efficiency analysis (MEA) technique by analysing the rapid response capabilities of tactical forces and tactical command teams The pilot study results indicated that the MEA technique supported this endeavour in an effective and evident manner. Using it in evaluating tactical situations will decisively impact on tactical performance and, hence, the outcome of tactical missions. Based on these results, we concluded that the MEA technique has the potential to be successfully implemented in larger scale tactical exercises, and in evaluating actual high-risk, tactical operations as well.
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| 10. |
- af Wåhlberg, Anders E.
(författare)
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Aggregation of driver celeration behavior data : Effects on stability and accident prediction
- 2007
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 45:4, s. 487-500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predictions about effects of aggregating driver celeration data were tested in a set of data where bus drivers' behavior had been measured repeatedly over three years in a city environment. For drivers with many measurements, this data was correlated with the drivers' accident record at various levels of aggregation over measurements. A single measurement (one sample) was seldom a significant predictor, but for each drive added to a mean, the variation explained in accident record was increased by about 1%. Also, correlations between measurements increased when these were aggregated, and the association with number of passengers (a proxy for traffic density) decreased somewhat, all as predicted. These results show that although driver celeration behavior is only semi-stable across time and environments, aggregating measurements increases both stability and predictive power versus accidents considerably. The celeration variable is therefore promising as a tool for identifying dangerous drivers, if these can be measured repeatedly, or, even better, continuously.
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