| 1. |
- Panagiotou, Gianni, et al.
(författare)
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Production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes by Fusarium oxysporum grown on corn stover in solid state fermentation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Industrial crops and products (Print). - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 18:1, s. 35-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corn stover is an abundant, potential fermentation substrate. Production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes by the mesophilic fungus Fusarium oxysporum under solid state culture (SSC) on corn stover was enhanced by optimization of the type of nitrogen source, initial moisture level, growth temperature and initial pH of the culture medium. Under these conditions, yields as high as 304, 4.1, 0.140, 1840 and 0.041 U/g of carbon source of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase, xylanase and β-xylosidase, respectively, were obtained. SCC in a laboratory horizontal bioreactor using the optimized medium allowed the large scale production of the multienzymic system in similar yields. Chromogenic (fluorogenic) 4-methylumbelliferyl β-glycosides of cellobiose and xylobiose were used to characterize the major activities of the multienzyme component, after separation by isoelectric focusing (IEF) electrophoresis. The zymograms indicated one major cellulase and four xylanase activities exhibiting pI values 5 and 5, 6, 7.3, 8.3, respectively.
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| 2. |
- Aid, T., et al.
(författare)
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Saccharification of lignocellulosic biomasses via ionic liquid pretreatment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 92, s. 336-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current work focuses on the pretreatment efficiency of ILs combined with heat for woody biomass consisting of spruce, birch and pine as well as winter wheat straw. The latter was investigated as a comparison and with the aim to enhance its digestibility during enzymatic hydrolysis whereby the influence of IL-treatment to cellulose resistance for hydrolysis was investigated. Considering the wood species, the most common and industrially important wood species in Northern Europe were chosen in the present work and the goal was to obtain fermentable sugars and their degradation product, i.e. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), which is known valuable platform chemical. Further, the differences in the yields of IL-obtainable carbohydrates between these species were studied. The highest sugar yields were obtained to glucose in the case of spruce and arabinose in the case of pine sapwood, 12.07 and 7.72 mmol/L, respectively. The highest 5-HMF yield was obtained for spruce heartwood (9.18 mmol/L) with longer treatment time, such as 100h. However, regarding woody biomass, the present work was focused more on the study and analysis of the IL-containing liquid part, wood hydrolysate, after IL-treatment aiming to answer the analysis challenges related to this fraction.
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| 3. |
- Alander, B., et al.
(författare)
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A facile way of making inexpensive rigid and soft protein biofoams with rapid liquid absorption
- 2018
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Ingår i: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 119, s. 41-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel and facile method to produce inexpensive protein biofoams suitable for sponge applications is presented. The protein used in the study was wheat gluten (WG), readily available as a by/co-product, but the method is expected to work for other cross-linkable proteins. The foams were obtained by high-speed stirring of pristine WG powder in water at room temperature followed by drying. Glutaraldehyde was used to crosslink the foam material in order to stabilize the dispersion, reduce its tackiness and improve the strength of the final foam. The foams were of medium to high density and absorbed readily both hydrophobic and hydrophilic liquids. The foam structure, consisting primarily of an open pore/channel system, led to a remarkably fast capillary-driven (pore-filling only) uptake of a hydrophobic liquid (limonene). Essentially all uptake occurred within the first second (to ca. 90% of the dry weight). In a polar liquid (water), the rapid pore-filling occurred in parallel with a more time-dependent swelling of the foam matrix material. Further improvement in the foam strength was achieved by making a denser foam or adding TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibres. Soft foams were obtained by adding glycerol.
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| 4. |
- Amiandamhen, Stephen, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Magnesium based phosphate cement binder for composite panels: A response surface methodology for optimisation of processing variables in boards produced from agricultural and wood processing industrial residues
- 2016
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Ingår i: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 94, s. 746-754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the potential use of magnesium based phosphate cement prepared from a heavy magnesium oxide and monopotassium phosphate as a binder for the production of composite panels using bio-based industrial residues such as bagasse, hemp hurds, pine sawdust, paper mill sludge and wastepaper as raw materials. These residues were used to produce light-weight and durable materials that can compare with current Portland cement based products. The phosphate binder is fast setting, cold curing and has a low carbon footprint compared to its Portland cement counterpart. The development of phosphate bonded board products promises to reduce the energy requirements in the manufacturing process of board products, and also provides an alternative route for disposal or value addition to bio-based residues by developing environmentally friendly products. The board manufacturing process was laid out on a central composite design (CCD) to model the response variable, utilizing as much residues as technically feasible. The design allowed for the production of low and medium density boards that can be used for non-structural interior finishes and partition boards. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to show the relationships between the production variables and predict the board property by variable optimisation. Tests of mechanical and physical properties were conducted on the boards. The density of hemp boards ranged from 0.59–0.83 g/cm3, bagasse boards ranged from 0.54–0.78 g/cm3, pine boards ranged from 0.58–0.84 g/cm3, paper sludge boards ranged from 0.68–0.81 g/cm3 and wastepaper boards ranged from 0.67–0.81 g/cm3. The study has shown that it is feasible to produce phosphate based board products using bio based industrial and agricultural residues. The physical properties of the products met the minimum requirements for cement bonded particleboard (EN 634:2007) and LD-1 grade particle board (ANSI 208.1:1999).
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| 5. |
- Aminzadeh, Selda, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Membrane filtration of kraft lignin: Structural charactristics and antioxidant activity of the low-molecular-weight fraction
- 2018
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Ingår i: Industrial Crops and Products. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 112, s. 200-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin, which is the second most abundant biomass component and has carbon-rich phenolic content, is a promising renewable raw material for multiple applications, such as carbon fibers, adhesives, and emulsifiers. To use lignin efficiently, it is important to ensure its purity and homogeneity. As a result, the separation of lignin into fractions with high purity and narrow molecular-weight distributions is likely a prerequisite for several applications. Ultrafiltration using ceramic membranes has many advantages, including enabling direct lignin extraction from Kraft pulp cooking liquors without pH and temperature adjustment. One challenge with membrane filtration using such a system is the potential for reduced membrane performance over time, which is associated with fouling. In this study, LignoBoost Kraft lignin was fractionated using a ceramic membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 1 kDa. The separation behavior during ultrafiltration fractionation was investigated and the antioxidant properties of the recovered low-molecular-weight (low-MW) lignin samples were evaluated. Using this model system, the permeate fluxes were unstable during the 100 h of membrane operation. However, a decrease in the average MW in the permeate over time was observed. The shift in MW was most pronounced for virgin membranes, while a more stable MW distribution was evident for membranes subjected to multiple cleaning cycles. According to 2D NMR analysis, low-MW lignin that was recovered after 100 h of operation, consisted of smaller lignin fragments, such as dimers and oligomers, with a high content of methoxy-groups. This was confirmed using the size exclusion chromatography method, which indicated an weigh average molecular weight in the range of 450–500 Da. 31P NMR spectroscopy showed that, despite the lower total content of phenolic OH groups, the low-MW sample had a higher proportion of non-condensed phenolic OH groups. The results of the antioxidant tests demonstrated the strong potential of lignin and its low-MW fraction as a natural antioxidant, particularly for lipid-containing systems. The low-MW lignin fraction showed better antioxidant activity than the non-fractionated LignoBoost lignin in the kinetic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) test and demonstrated three-fold stronger inhibition of the substrate (fluorescein) than the reference antioxidant Trolox (a water-soluble derivative of vitamin E).
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| 6. |
- Antonsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Low Mw-lignin fractions together with vegetable oils as available oligomers for novel paper-coating applications as hydrophobic barrier
- 2008
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Ingår i: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 27:1, s. 98-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin residues are available in large amounts as kraft lignin from chemical pulping processes. This lignin is mainly incinerated in recovery boilers. The recovery boilers are often the bottle-necks in the overall pulping process when pulp production increases are desired. Through cross-flow nano-filtration of the black liquor from kraft pulping, a low-molecular weight lignin fraction can be removed thus decreasing the organic load on the recovery boilers. The low-molecular weight lignin fraction furthermore exhibit different characteristics compared to other commercial kraft lignins and represents a new raw material source in novel applications. The low-molecular weight lignin was used together with a vegetable oil to produce a new hydrophobic lignin derivative similar to suberin. The lignin and the lignin derivative was analysed with FT-IR, UV-vis and SEC. The ability of the product to make paper surfaces hydrophobic was also evaluated. The results demonstrate the possibility to make a suberin-like lignin derivative that is potentially of interest in paper-coating applications due to its capability to interact well with wood fibres and make paper hydrophobic.
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| 7. |
- Areskogh, Dimitri, et al.
(författare)
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Structural modification of commercial lignosulphonates through laccase catalysis and ozonolysis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 32:3, s. 458-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignosulphonates are by-products from the sulphite pulping process, in which lignin is separated from cellulose by the addition of sulphonic acid groups to the alpha-position of lignin, thereby increasing the solubility of lignin in water. The predominant industrial utilisations of lignosulphonates are as dispersants, plasticisers and water-reducing agents in concrete preparation. The ability of lignosulphonates to function as a good plasticisers and water reducers is intimately linked with the purity of the lignosulphonate, its molecular weight and the number of charged groups present in the macromolecule. Currently, lignosulphonates are outrivaled by synthetic plasticisers termed superplasticisers due to their superior properties when used as additives to high-strength concrete. If lignosulphonates are to successfully compete with these superplasticisers, significant modifications are required. This paper describes a two-stage treatment of lignosulphonates in which the molecular weight is increased through laccase oxidation and carboxylic groups are introduced through ozonolysis. The technical significance of the results is also discussed.
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| 8. |
- Arshadi, Mehrdad, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of fatty and resin acid composition in boreal lodgepole pine and Scots pine for biorefinery applications
- 2013
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Ingår i: Industrial Crops and Products. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 49, s. 535-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the potential for Scots- and lodgepole pine for biorefinery applications such as e.g., biodiesel and glue production, wood samples from five different sites in northern Sweden were compared. 21 fatty and 10 resin acids were detected by extraction and GC MS analysis. Total fatty- and resin acid contents of Scots pine varied between 2.4 and 41.4 mg/g. Corresponding concentrations for lodgepole pine were 23 and 26.0 mg/g of dry material. Multivariate models were made with principal component analysis to take advantage of the multivariate correlations between the individual acids. Wood tissue type explained most of the variation in fatty and resin acid content, with heartwood having up to five times the extractive concentration of sapwood. Resin acids were mainly associated with heartwood, while fatty acids were more associated with sapwood. A five-component PLSDA-model distinguished between the two species, mainly due to differences in their hexadecanoic and heptadecanoic acid contents. Heartwood from Scots pine is more suitable for resin extraction while lodgepole pine is a better option for fatty- and resin acid extraction because of the extractives' evenly distribution between wood types. Around 150 kg of fatty acids and 1 ton of resins can be harvested per hectare from a typical mature boreal lodgepole pine stand, for biorefinery use. Systematic fractionation and selection of heartwood and sapwood will likely optimize industrial applications (e.g. biodiesel production) of each fraction. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Azeem, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical composition and repellent activity of native plants essential against dengue mosquito, Aedes aegypti
- 2019
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Ingår i: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito is an important vector of chikungunya, dengue and yellow fever. Plant based essential oils may serve as good alternatives to commercially available mosquito repellent, DEET. Steam distillation was used for the extraction of essential oils from fresh collected aerial parts of plants viz Chenopodium ambrosioides, Conyza sumatrensis, Erigeron canadensis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Mentha spicata, Parthenium hysterophorus, and Tagetes minuta. The essential oils were tested for mosquito repellent activity against laboratory reared female Ae. aegypti by human bait technique. Identification of chemical constituents of essential oils was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil of M. spicata, E. canadensis, P. hysterophorus, C. sumatrensis, T. minuta, C. ambrosioides, and E. camaldulensis exhibited 100%, 80%, 63.9%, 51.4%, 50.2%, 39.7%, and 13.7% mosquito repellent activity respectively, at the tested dose of 30 mu g/cm(2). The most abundant constituents of M. spicata, E. canadensis, P. hysterophorus, C. sumatrensis and T. minuta essential oils were piperitenone oxide (47.1%), limonene (41.3%), germacrene D (36.6%), cis-lachnophyllum ester (33.3%) and dihydrotagetone (20.9%) respectively. M. spicata essential oil completely inhibited the attractiveness of human hands toward female mosquitoes for more than 45 min thus showed bioactivity comparable to that of commercially used mosquito repellent, DEET. This study suggests that the dilute solution of M. spicata essential oil could be used as potent mosquito repellent against Ae. aegypti alternative to commercially available synthetic mosquito repellents.
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| 10. |
- Backlund, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Extractive profiles of different lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) fractions grown under a direct seeding-based silvicultural regime
- 2014
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Ingår i: Industrial Crops and Products. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 58, s. 220–229-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the chemical compounds in the aboveground fractions of lodgepole pine trees (stem top, stem base, bark, branches, needles and cones) grown under a direct seeding-based silvicultural regime, including per hectare-outputs and industrial applications. Plant metabolites were extracted from trees of two sizes from two areas of central-northern Sweden with different climates and analysed by GC MS. The stands were 30 years old and had undergone pre-commercial thinning. The extractive yields for the fractions differed significantly, with the bark having the highest yields (13-20%) and the stem the lowest (0.5-3.5%). Multivariate analysis showed that the extractive profiles of the needles deviated strongly from those of the other fractions, with the needles being particularly rich in wax esters and fatty alcohols. The stemwood mainly contained ketones, terpenes and acids. The cones had a prominent pine scent and were rich in aromatics. The stands examined in this study could produce large quantities of biomass suitable for use in biorefineries without any change in their current management regimes, yielding 2-3 tonnes of crude extractives per hectare. The precise extractive yield depends on the site fertility, tree partitioning and tree size. The extractives obtained can be used for production of, e.g. biodiesel, glue, bioactive food additives, cosmetics, and polymer precursors. Lodgepole pine can be cultivated cost-effectively by direct seeding in dense stands, and advantageously harvested to produce biomass and extractives. It is therefore an appropriate species for the production of biorefinery feedstocks in the boreal region. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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