| 1. |
- Bohm, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Emission Quota Trade among the Few: Laboratory Evidence of Joint Implementation among Committed Countries
- 1999
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Ingår i: Resources and Energy Economics. - The Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0928-7655 .- 1873-0221. ; 21:1, s. 43-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The laboratory tests reported here were conducted in preparation for a unique experiment using real-world relevant decision makers. The purpose was to identify a well-functioning design, tailored for carbon emission reduction trade among four countries committed to binding carbon emission limits, a form of so-called joint implementation. As explained in the paper, the design was required to promote high trade efficiency and limited scope for arbitrage. All of the designs tested reached high levels of efficiency (87-99%), which is noteworthy given the small number of traders. Attempts to adjust the design to reduce or eliminate arbitrage were successful in the final test rounds.
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| 2. |
- Aronsson, Thomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Technology transfers and the clean development mechanism in a north-south general equilibrium model
- 2010
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Ingår i: Resources and Energy Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0928-7655 .- 1873-0221. ; 32:3, s. 292-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyses the potential welfare gains of introducing a technology transfer from Annex I to non-Annex I in order to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Our analysis is based on a numerical general equilibrium model for a world-economy comprising two regions; North (Annex I) and South (non-Annex I). In a cooperative equilibrium, a technology transfer from the North to the South is clearly desirable from the perspective of a ‘global social planner’, since the welfare gain for the South outweighs the welfare loss for the North. However, if the regions do not cooperate, then the incentives to introduce the technology transfer appear to be relatively weak from the perspective of the North; at least if we allow for Southern abatement in the pre-transfer Nash equilibrium. Finally, by adding the emission reductions associated with the Kyoto agreement, our results show that the technology transfer leads to higher welfare in both regions.
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| 3. |
- B. Krishnamurthy, Chandra Kiran, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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A cross-country analysis of residential electricity demand in 11 OECD-countries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Resources and Energy Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-7655 .- 1873-0221. ; 39, s. 68-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide consistent, cross-country estimates of price and income elasticity for households in 11 OECD countries. Using survey data from 2011 on annual consumption of electricity and sample-derived average electricity price, we provide country-specific price elasticity estimates and average income elasticity estimates. For most countries in our sample, we find strong price responsiveness, with elasticities varying (in absolute value) between 0.27 for South Korea and 1.4 for Australia, and higher than 0.5 for most countries. Exploiting the presence of many attitudinal indicators in the dataset, we provide evidence that non-price related factors to affect energy demand; in particular, households' self-reported energy savings behaviour reduces demand between 2 and 4%. In contrast, we find very weak income responsiveness, with income elasticities varying from 0.07 to 0.16 and no evidence for heterogeneity across the countries in our sample. Our results regarding price elasticity are in contrast with those of many existing studies which find low-to-moderate price responsiveness, and adds to a few recent studies indicating more policy space for demand reduction than previously thought.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Dancke Sandorf, Erlend, et al.
(författare)
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Using an integrated choice and latent variable model to understand the impact of “professional” respondents in a stated preference survey
- 2020
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Ingår i: Resources and Energy Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0928-7655 .- 1873-0221. ; 61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet panels are increasingly used for stated preference research. Because members of such panels receive compensation for each completed survey, one concern is that over time this creates professional respondents who answer surveys solely for the monetary compensation. We identify professional respondents using data on panel tenure, survey response frequency, completion rate and total number of completed surveys. We find evidence of two types of professional respondents: “hyperactives” who answer surveys frequently and “experienced” who have long panel tenure and a large number of completed surveys. Using an integrated choice and latent variable model on stated preference survey data, we find that “hyperactive” respondents are less likely to choose the 'status quo’ and have a more stochastic choice process as seen from the econometrician's point of view, whereas “experienced” respondents have a relatively more deterministic choice process. Our results show that “hyperactive” respondents significantly impact estimated values.
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| 6. |
- Ewald, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the resistance to carbon taxes: Drivers and barriers among the general public and fuel-tax protesters
- 2022
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Ingår i: Resources and Energy Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-7655 .- 1873-0221. ; 70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon taxes are generally well accepted in countries with significant experience thereof but there is still public resistance to raising them. We study attitudes toward carbon taxation and other environmental policy instruments in Sweden. We survey a national sample of the population as well as members of a large political movement that protests fuel taxes. Our results show that the motivations in both groups are alike: educational level, rural versus urban domicile, political orientation, and especially trust in government correlate with opinions on carbon taxes; household income does not appear to matter. Lack of trust in government and lack of belief in the Pigouvian mechanism appear as especially important motivations for protesters' opposition. We find support for revenue refunding, but greater support, in both groups, for earmarking for climate use. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 7. |
- Geijer, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Damned if you do, damned if you do not : reduced climate impact vs. sustainable forests in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Resources and Energy Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0928-7655 .- 1873-0221. ; 33:1, s. 94-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective of this paper is to analyze the potential goal conflict between two of Sweden's environmental objectives: Sustainable Forests and Reduced Climate Impact – or, more precisely, the conflict between forest conservation and the supply of wood fuel. To accomplish this, we use a forest sector model that includes the suppliers and major users of roundwood. The econometric results, based on a data set that spans 40 years, show that all the own price elasticities have the expected signs. Among the three forestry products, the supply and (long-term) demand of forest fuel seems to be most sensitive to a price change. In a second step, the estimated model is used to simulate the effect of increased forest conservation – the Sustainable Forest objective – on the supply of wood fuel. If oil is used as a substitute, Swedish emissions of greenhouse gases will increase by almost 0.92 percent, which indicates a clear conflict with the Reduced Climate Impact objective.
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| 8. |
- Herzing, Mathias
(författare)
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Multiple equilibria in the context of inspection probabilities depending on firms' relative emissions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Resources and Energy Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-7655 .- 1873-0221. ; 63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a model of environmental regulations with firms that are heterogeneous with respect to the cost for reducing emissions to the legally permitted level. Given that the enforcement capacity is limited due to budgetary constraints and that each firm's inspection probability depends on its emissions relative to other firms’ emissions, the likelihood of being punished for violations is endogenously determined and multiple equilibria may therefore arise. Hence, both good outcomes with high compliance rates and bad outcomes with many violations are possible. Multiple equilibria are most likely to emerge at intermediate levels of deterrence and at low permitted emission levels. However, it is generally not straightforward how stricter legislation impacts on equilibrium outcomes, indicating that behavioral expectations among regulated firms are an important factor to consider when adapting enforcement to changes in the law.
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| 9. |
- Häckner, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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The effectiveness of environmental inspections in oligopolistic markets
- 2017
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Ingår i: Resources and Energy Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-7655 .- 1873-0221. ; 48, s. 83-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on the consequences of inducing compliance with environmental legislation through inspections in oligopolistic markets. Adherence to the law is associated with environmental gains, but also with losses in surpluses as firms incur abatement costs. By relating the net social benefit of deterring breaches of legislation to inspection costs, the impact of various market characteristics on the effectiveness of inspections can be assessed, thus providing guidance for environmental inspection agencies that have to prioritize among sectors given a fixed budget.
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| 10. |
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