| 1. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in morphology and sexual size dimorphism between the Dutch elm disease vectors Scolytus laevis and Scolytus scolytus (Col., Scolytidae)
- 1987
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 103:1-5, s. 378-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The external differences between the well‐documented S. scolytus and the little studied S. laevis are clarified with the help of SEM micrographs of the frons and abdomen of both sexes of the two species. The convex frons of both male and female S. scolytus is densely covered with short hairs. S. laevis males have a flat frons with long hairs in a pair of bundles, whereas the females have a convex and nearly bald frons. Males of S. scolytus are readily distinguished from females by their long yellow tufts of hair on the anal segment. The pronotal width and elytron length are significantly larger for S. scolytus females than for males. In S. laevis males and females are of the same size but significantly smaller than S. scolytus. The difference between the species in inter‐sexual size variation and frontal hair cover suggests differences in their mating systems. Unterschiede in Morphologie und geschlechtsspezifischem Größendimorphismus zwischen Scolytus laevis und Scolytus scolytus (Col., Scolytidae), zwei Überträgern des Ulmensterben‐Erregers Äußere Unterschiede zwischen der gut untersuchten Art Scolytus scolytus und der bisher nur wenig beachteten Art S. laevis wurden mit Hilfe rasterelektronenmikroskopischer Aufnahmen von Frons und Abdomen beider Arten und Geschlechter dokumentiert. Die konvexe Stirn der S. scolytus‐Männchen und ‐Weibchen ist dicht mit kurzen Haaren bedeckt. S. laevis‐Männchen haben eine flache Stirn, mit langen, in zwei Büscheln angeordneten Haaren; die Weibchen dieser Art hingegen haben eine konvexe und beinahe kahle Stirn. S. scolytus‐Männchen unterscheiden sich durch lange, gelbe Haarbüschel auf dem Analsegment von den weiblichen Käfern, wobei zusätzlich deren Pronotum breiter und deren Flügeldecken signifikant länger sind als diejenigen der Männchen. S. laevis‐Männchen und ‐Weibchen sind gleich groß, aber signifikant kleiner als S. scolytus. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Arten hinsichtlich der geschlechtsspezifischen Größenvariation und der Stirnbehaarung lassen Unterschiede in ihrem Kopulationsverhalten vermuten. 1987 Blackwell Verlag GmbH
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| 2. |
- Anderbrant, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of pheromone trap type, position and colour on the catch of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) (Hym., Diprionidae)
- 1989
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 107:1-5, s. 365-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two novel easy‐to‐make pheromone traps, a cross‐barrier sticky trap and an open horizontal sticky trap, are described. Both types caught about the same number of male pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer, when baited with the synthetic pheromone (2S, 3S, 7S)‐3,7‐dimethylpentadec‐2‐yl acetate. The catch on unbaited cross‐barrier traps was about 17% compared with baited traps, whereas unbaited horizontal traps caught almost no sawflies. There was no difference in catch between horizontal traps positioned close to the stem and at the end of a branch in young Scots pines, but traps on the ground caught less than one tenth of the number caught in traps 1.5 m above ground. The catch in unbaited cross‐barrier traps was dependent on colour, with white being the most attractive. Zur Auswirkung des Pheromonfallentyps, des Aufstellungsorts und der Farbe auf die Fangzahl von Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) (Hym., Diprionidae) Es werden zwei neue, einfach herzustellende Pheromonfallentypen, eine Kreuz‐Leimfalle und eine offene, horizontale Leimfalle beschrieben. Mit beiden Fallentypen wurden ungefähr gleich viele männliche Neodiprion sertifer gefangen, wenn die Fallen mit dem synthetischen Pheromon (2S, 3S, 7S)‐3,7‐dimethylpentadec‐2yl‐acetat bestückt waren. Mit den Kreuz‐Leimfallen ohne Pheromon wurden ca. 17 % verglichen mit der Anzahl auf den entsprechenden mit Pheromon bestückten Fallen gefangen. Dagegen wurden mit der Horizontalfalle ohne Pheromon fast keine Blattwespen gefangen. Horizontalfallen, die nahe am Stamm oder am Astende junger Kiefern aufgehängt wurden, unterschieden sich hinsichtlich der Fangleistung nicht. Wurden jedoch die Fallen am Boden aufgestellt, so betrug das Fangergebnis nur noch ca. 1/10 der Fallen, die in 1,5 m Höhe angebracht waren. Die Fangleistung der Fallen ohne Pheromon war abhängig von der Farbe: weiß war die attraktivste Farbe. 1989 Blackwell Verlag GmbH
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| 3. |
- Hellqvist, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Oviposition and flight period of the currant shoot borer Lampronia capitella
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 130:9-10, s. 491-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The currant shoot borer, Lampronia capitella (Lep., Prodoxidae), is an important pest of currants, Ribes spp., in northern Europe. Oviposition was studied in cage experiments and the flight period was monitored in field studies using pheromone-baited traps. Blackcurrant, Ribes nigrum, was the host species in both studies. The total egg supply of females was on average 107 eggs and oviposition started 2-5 days after emergence. About 60% of the eggs were laid during the first day of the oviposition period. Eggs were laid in currant fruitlets, in batches comprising several, usually four to seven eggs. The flight period started shortly after the end of the flowering period of blackcurrant, and lasted for about 3 weeks.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Björn G., et al.
(författare)
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Multispecies trapping of six pests of scots pine in Sweden and Poland
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 126:5, s. 212-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multispecies sex pheromone trapping (trapping of more than one species in the same trap) for the pine shoot moth Rhyacionia buoliana , the pine moth, Dendrolimus pini , the nun moth, Lymantria monacha , the pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea and the pine sawflies Diprion pini and Neodiprion sertifer was evaluated. The catch from traps baited with the pheromone of a single species was compared with the catch from traps baited with pheromones for several species. The catch in the multispecies traps was significantly reduced in comparison with the single species traps for Dendrolimus pini , L. monacha and N. sertifer . Neodiprion sertifer was most likely inhibited by the Diprion pini pheromone. A follow-up study of Dendrolimus pini and L. monacha showed no pheromonal interference between them. Further studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility of multispecies monitoring. However, for practical applications a slight decrease in catch, due to pheromonal interference, could probably be tolerated as long as the catch reflects total population density.
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| 5. |
- Kristoffersen, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Carrot psyllid (Trioza apicalis) winter habitats - insights in shelter plant preference and migratory capacity
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 131:3, s. 174-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The carrot psyllid (Trioza apicalis) is a serious pest in carrot-growing areas in northern and parts of central Europe. The psyllids overwinter as adults on conifers and during summer feed and lay eggs on carrot plants (Daucus carota ssp. sativus), thereby destroying the crop. To investigate the migratory capabilities and preferences for different shelter plant species of the carrot psyllid, we made an inventory study of its winter habitats in three carrot-growing regions in southern Sweden. Norway spruce (Picea abies) was the preferred conifer over Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and juniper (Juniperus communis). We found psyllids on trees up to 1 km from the carrot fields, which was the largest distance sampled. The regression of catch numbers over distance was non-significant, however all samples containing more than seven psyllids were collected within 250m distance from the fields. There was no obvious pattern between catch directions and the prevailing wind directions of the preceding migratory period. Our study did not show any differences between males and females with respect to migration or shelter species preferences.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ansebo, L., et al.
(författare)
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Antennal and behavioural response of codling moth Cydia pomonella to plant volatiles
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of applied entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 128:7, s. 488-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of host volatile compounds attractive to codling moth Cydia pomonella, a most important insect of apple, will contribute to the development of safe control techniques. Synthetic apple volatiles in two doses were tested for antennal and behavioural activity in codling moth. Female antennae strongly responded to (Z)3-hexenol, (Z)3-hexenyl benzoate, (Z)3-hexenyl hexanoate, (+/-)-linalool and E,E-alpha-farnesene. Two other compounds eliciting a strong antennal response were the pear ester, ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, and its corresponding aldehyde, E,E-2,4-decadienal, which is a component of the larval defence secretion of the European apple sawfly. Attraction of codling moth to compounds eliciting a strong antennal response was tested in a wind tunnel. Male moths were best attracted to a blend of (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, (E)-beta-farnesene and ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate. The aldehyde E,E-2,4-decadienal had an antagonistic effect when added to the above mixture.
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| 8. |
- Ekbom, Barbara
(författare)
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Oviposition preference and offspring performance of Crocidolomia pavonana (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on different host plants
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 134, s. 704-713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cabbage head caterpillar Crocidolomia pavonana (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is an increasingly devastating pest on white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) in Uganda. Screen house and field trials were used to assess oviposition preference and offspring performance of C. pavonana on six hosts in the genus Brassica: kale (B. oleracea var. acephala), cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis), broccoli (B. oleracea var. italica), Chinese cabbage (B. campestris spp. pekinensis), Indian mustard (B. juncea (L.) Czern.) and white cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata). To assess oviposition preference, the hosts were offered to C. pavonana in multiple-choice (all six); two-choice (cabbage with each of the other hosts) or cabbage-only situations. After specified oviposition periods, egg numbers on individual plants were recorded. To determine C. pavonana offspring performance on the six hosts, whole plants were placed in individual cages, where larvae were monitored for development time, pupal weight and foliage consumption. Results of the choice tests indicated that C. pavonana preferred Chinese cabbage and broccoli for oviposition. In two-choice arrangements, all the tested host plants were able to greatly reduce oviposition on white cabbage (69-100%) when compared with the monocrop. Chinese cabbage was the most suitable host with regard to C. pavonana offspring performance as demonstrated by the shortest development time and highest pupal weight. Chinese cabbage and broccoli can be used as traps for the pest but the resulting larvae should be destroyed regularly to prevent accumulation in the system.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Helena
(författare)
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Short-term assessment of dung beetle response to carbosulfan treatment against desert locust in Sudan
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 133, s. 584-595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The beneficial role of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is well known. Potential risks to these beetles from the widespread use of insecticides against the desert locust, a significant plant pest in Africa, the Near East and South West Asia, have not been studied previously. Short-term responses of dung beetles to carbamate carbosulfan (Marshal (R), ultra low-volume formulation, 100 g active ingredient ha(-1)) were assessed during desert locust control operations at five sites within two major biotopes: Acacia tortilis shrubland and cultivated wetland; on the Red Sea Coast of Sudan. The study took place during January-February 2004. At each site, fresh dung from Zebu cows was placed in areas targeted for desert locust control. Dung pats were placed in plots in two areas and left for 24 h, before and after insecticide application. Beetles were extracted by floatation. There was a significant decrease in abundance between the pre- and post-spray period in treated areas for the Scarabaeinae species Onthophagus margaritifer (a dark colour morph). In contrast, it was found that Aphodius lucidus and beetles at the subfamily level of Aphodiinae increased in numbers after insecticide treatment. Mortality and sublethal impacts as well as a repellent effect of the insecticide may explain the decrease in Onthophagus margaritifer, while the increase in Aphodiinae beetles could be an indirect response to lower numbers of Scarabaeinae beetles in competing for the same resource. These organisms and the applied methodology may be useful for environmental monitoring of desert locust control, thus further studies are suggested. The assessment also revealed a marked difference between the two biotopes with high abundance and species richness of dung beetles in A. tortilis shrubland, while these measures were low in the cultivated wetland. Five new species of dung beetles for Sudan were found in this study.
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| 10. |
- Komonen, Atte, et al.
(författare)
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Ips typographus population development after a severe storm in a nature reserve in southern Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 135, s. 132-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale natural disturbances pose challenges for the management of protected areas and may have undesirable consequences for commercial plantations nearby. A storm, which felled nearly 10 000 m3 of spruce forest in the Osaby nature reserve in southern Sweden, allowed us to study the subsequent population development of the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.). Two summers after the storm, an exceptionally high proportion (74%) of wind-felled trees had been successfully colonized by the bark beetle, and all living spruce trees had been killed. On standing trees, colonization density was three times higher, and reproductive success one-fourth, that on wind-felled trees. The negative relationship between colonization density and reproductive success indicates that intra-specific competition is one of the main mechanisms reducing I. typographus population growth when the beetles switch from wind-felled to standing trees after storm disturbances. Indeed, there was no significant difference in beetle production between wind-felled and standing trees. Furthermore, there were no differences in colonization density, reproductive success or production at different heights in standing trees; however, a higher proportion of the new adults emerged at the tree-tops rather than lower down before overwintering. Our results also demonstrate that a large proportion (ca. 50%) of the I. typographus population that developed in the storm-fell area apparently overwintered under the bark of standing trees.
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