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| 2. |
- Atzendorf, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Die Nutzung von E-Zigaretten in der deutschen Bevölkerung – Ergebnisse des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurvey 2015
- 2019
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Ingår i: Das Gesundheitswesen. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0941-3790 .- 1439-4421. ; 81:02, s. 137-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hintergrund Schätzungen zum E-Zigarettenkonsum in Deutschland variieren erheblich. Die Nutzung von E-Zigaretten zur Tabakentwöhnung wird kritisch diskutiert. Anhand aktueller Daten soll die Verbreitung des Konsums von E-Zigaretten und deren Nutzung in der erwachsenen Allgemeinbevölkerung Deutschlands dargestellt werden.Methoden Als Datenbasis diente der Epidemiologische Suchtsurvey 2015, eine bundesweite Befragung von 18- bis 64-jährigen in Deutschland (n=9,204; Rücklaufquote: 52,2%).Ergebnisse E-Zigaretten waren einem Großteil der Befragten bekannt (85,3%, 43,5 Mio.), wohingegen lediglich 2,9% (1,5 Mio.) E-Zigaretten in den letzten 30 Tagen genutzt hatten. Jüngere Personen (OR=0,95, 95%-KI=(0,93; 0,97)), Männer (OR=1,45, 95%-KI=(1,02; 2,07)) und Raucher (OR=12,53, 95%-KI=(8,71; 18,03)) zeigten ein signifikant höheres Risiko, E-Zigaretten zu konsumieren. Etwa ein Drittel (36,6%) der Raucher und Ex-Raucher konventioneller Zigaretten nutzte E-Zigaretten zur Tabakentwöhnung, wovon ein Fünftel (21,3%) mit dem Rauchen aufhören konnte.Schlussfolgerungen E-Zigarettennutzer scheinen häufiger männlich, jünger und Raucher konventioneller Zigaretten zu sein. Neben Neugierde ist die Veränderung des Rauchverhaltens ein bedeutendes Konsummotiv. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass der Gebrauch von E-Zigaretten vereinzelt zur Tabakentwöhnung beitragen kann, die Mehrheit der Nutzer aber weiterhin konventionelle und/oder E-Zigaretten konsumiert.
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| 3. |
- Erdsiek, Fabian, et al.
(författare)
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Rational Use of Antibiotics Among Turkish Migrants In Germany : Knowledge, Attitudes and Interaction With Physicians and Pharmacists
- 2020
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Ingår i: Das Gesundheitswesen. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0941-3790 .- 1439-4421. ; 82:07, s. 594-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesDue to strong transnational ties, the use of and demand for antibiotics among Turkish migrants in Germany may be influenced by cultural aspects of antibiotic use in Turkey. Research on the use of antibiotics among Turkish migrants in Germany, however, is scarce. The aim of this study was to find out how Turkish migrants in Germany use antibiotics, whether and how knowledge, underlying motives and attitudes influence demand and how Turkish migrants interact with medical professionals. Materials and methodsUsing a qualitative approach, behavioural patterns and logic of action of adult Turkish migrants were identified. We carried out semi-structured focus group interviews with adults of Turkish origin residing in Germany and expert interviews with family physicians and pharmacists. The interviews were analysed by means of content analysis. ResultsWhile younger migrants had a generally positive, but cautious attitude towards the use of antibiotics, older migrants often showed exaggerated, unrealistic expectations resulting from a lack of factual knowledge. Overall, participants adopted a passive role in the patient-provider relationship. This led to a perpetuation of significant knowledge gaps. ConclusionsOlder Turkish migrants who have less factual knowledge show exaggerated expectations concerning the effectiveness of antibiotics. In conjunction with a passive patient role, resulting in information needs not being satisfied, this can affect the patient-provider relationship. A more active communication by physicians and information materials sensitive to the needs of migrants can positively influence the interaction between migrant patients and medical professionals.
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- Frischknecht, Ulrich, et al.
(författare)
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Screening auf problematischen Alkoholkonsum – Erhebung zur Umsetzung der S3-Leitlinienempfehlungen in der transdisziplinären Versorgung einer Modellregion : [Screening for Problematic Alcohol Consumption – A Survey on Guideline Implementation in Transdisciplinary Health Care of a Model Region]
- 2022
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Ingår i: Das Gesundheitswesen. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0941-3790 .- 1439-4421. ; 84:01, s. 43-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim Recording the frequency of screenings for problematic alcohol consumption by professionals involved in the health care of respective patients. The German S3-guideline screening, diagnosis and treatment of alcohol-related disorders recommends the use of questionnaire-based screenings for all patients in all settings.Methods Cross-sectional survey on screening frequency among general practitioners, gynecologists, psychiatrists, child- and adolescent therapists, psychotherapists, social workers and midwives. Logistic regression was used to explore how healthcare professionals' attributes were associated with the implementation of screenings.Results With response rates of about 20%, health care professionals reported using screening instruments for an average of 6.9% of all patients during the previous four weeks. Most of the time, custom-made questions were used instead of the recommended instruments (AUDIT, AUDIT-C). Higher screening rates were reported for patients with newly diagnosed hypertension (21.2%), alcohol-related disorders (43.3%) and mental disorders (39.3%). Knowledge of the guideline was associated with implementation of screenings (OR=4.67; 95% KI 1.94-11.25, p<0.001).Conclusions Comprehensive screening for problematic alcohol use with questionnaire-based instruments in accordance with guidelines is far from being routinely implemented in the studied health care settings. Measures to increase the knowledge of the guidelines are necessary in order to increase the frequency of alcohol screening in health care.
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| 6. |
- Kraus, Ludwig, et al.
(författare)
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Inpatient Treatment of Adolescents with Acute Alcohol Intoxication : The Tip of the Iceberg?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Das Gesundheitswesen. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0941-3790 .- 1439-4421. ; 75:7, s. 456-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study assessed whether (i) adolescents treated in hospital for acute alcohol intoxication show different habitual drinking patterns from adolescents of the general population and whether (ii) predictors for repeated treatment can be identified. Methods: A sample of adolescents who had undergone inpatient treatment for intoxication (clinical sample) comprised n = 482 under 18-year-old subjects, who had additionally been surveyed within the context of the project Hart am Limit (HaLT) between 2008 and 2010 (mean age: 15.1 years, 44.4% girls). The population sample consisted of n = 1 994 Bavarian students who had taken part in the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) in 2007 (mean age: 15.7 years; 54.4% girls). Results: Within the clinical sample, gender differences in age, level of education and motivation to get drunk were found. Adolescents of the clinical sample were on average younger and had a higher level of education than adolescents in the general population sample. Although students in the clinical sample drank alcohol less often (2.8 vs. 5.0 times within the past 30 days), they drank more alcohol per occasion (36.4 g vs. 22.3 g pure alcohol per drinking day). Assessments by a third-party show that the risk of repeated inpatient treatment due to alcohol intoxication is positively associated with perceived psychosocial stress and negatively associated with perceived family support. Conclusions: A hospitalisation due to alcohol intoxication does not sufficiently indicate alarming habitual drinking behaviour. The risk of hospitalisation seems to depend on the drinking context and other factors of the drinking situation. Nevertheless, a sub-group of adolescents, who seem to display an elevated risk for intoxications, could be identified. It is for this sub-group, that supportive measures must be made available.
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| 7. |
- Schneider, S., et al.
(författare)
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Verletzen sich Jungen beim Sport häufiger und anders als Mädchen? : [Do Boys Suffer Injury More Often Than Girls in Sport?]
- 2012
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Ingår i: Das Gesundheitswesen. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0941-3790 .- 1439-4421. ; 74:4, s. 234-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Representative data for Germany show that each year 7.7% (95% CI: 7.0-8.6%) of all children and adolescents suffer injuries in sport. The reasons are mainly collisions and falls. The most frequent consequences were injuries to the muscle-tendon apparatus and fractures. There were no significant differences, except for a few exceptions, between the genders for the relative risk of injury and regarding the injury pattern (cause, medical diagnosis, degree of severity).
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| 8. |
- Stadin, Magdalena, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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The ICT demands index included in the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Das Gesundheitswesen. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1439-4421 .- 0941-3790. ; 83:8/9, s. 674-675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Technostress operationalised as ICT demands is measured by the ICT demands index in the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH). This index is mainly based on findings in a qualitative Swedish study, published in 2003.Methods: The index consists of six items, accompanied by five response options rated on a Likert scale. The index is introduced by: ‘New technology and flexible working conditions have changed the working life of many people. Technology can be a great help but can also lead to new kinds of stress. Estimate the extent to which you are stressed by…’. Then follows the items, such as ‘…too many calls and emails’, ‘…demands to give immediate answers to emails and telephone calls that require a lot of work’ and ‘…computers and other digital device that fails to work properly’.Results: ICT demands have been observed to be correlated with the demands- and effort dimension in the demand control- and the effort-reward imbalance models, respectively. ICT demands have also been associated with cognitive complaints and suboptimal self-rated health, in cross-sectional- and prospective analyses. However, the ICT demands index in SLOSH have also some limitations. The index does not have a resource dimesion (such as ‘technostress inhibitors’ or ‘ICT resources’) and can thus not be considered a complete measure of technostress. Additionally, the ICT demands index only reflect a smaller part of technostress and does not reflect aspects such as insecurity and uncertainty related to ICT, lack of digital literacy, and ineffective communication. The items might also be somewhat outdated since new ICT demands might have occurred since 2003, such as ICT demands related to new types of digital communication and use of RPA and AI.Conclusions: It is warranted to use updated measures of technostress that reflects both ICT demands and resources
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| 9. |
- Wild, Verina, et al.
(författare)
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Covid-19: Eine Ad hoc Public-Health-Ethikberatung : Covid-19: An ad hoc public health ethics consultation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Das Gesundheitswesen. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0941-3790 .- 1439-4421. ; 82:6, s. 507-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In diesem Dokument beschreiben wir den Prozess und den Inhalt einer ad hoc Public-Health-Ethikberatung vom 22. März 2020 für eine regionale Gesundheitsbehörde (Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit) zu Entscheidungen im Zusammenhang mit Covid-19. In this paper we describe the process and content of our ad hoc public health ethics consultation for a Bavarian health authority in relation to Covid-19.
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