| 1. |
- Borycki, Elizabeth M., et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing Safety During a Pandemic Using Virtual Care Remote Monitoring Technologies and UML Modeling
- 2021
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Ingår i: IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics. - : Thieme. - 0943-4747 .- 2364-0502. ; 30:1, s. 264-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This paper describes a methodology for gathering requirements and early design of remote monitoring technology (RMT) for enhancing patient safety during pandemics using virtual care technologies. As pandemics such as COrona VIrus Disease (COVID-19) progress there is an increasing need for effective virtual care and RMT to support patient care while they are at home. METHODS: The authors describe their work in conducting literature reviews by searching PubMed.gov and the grey literature for articles, and government websites with guidelines describing the signs and symptoms of COVID-19, as well as the progression of the disease. The reviews focused on identifying gaps where RMT could be applied in novel ways and formed the basis for the subsequent modelling of use cases for applying RMT described in this paper. RESULTS: The work was conducted in the context of a new Home of the Future laboratory which has been set up at the University of Victoria. The literature review led to the development of a number of object-oriented models for deploying RMT. This modeling is being used for a number of purposes, including for education of students in health infomatics as well as testing of new use cases for RMT with industrial collaborators and projects within the smart home of the future laboratory. CONCLUSIONS: Object-oriented modeling, based on analysis of gaps in the literature, was found to be a useful approach for describing, communicating and teaching about potential new uses of RMT. IMIA and Thieme. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit.
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| 2. |
- Koch, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Critical advances in bridging personal health informatics and clinical informatics
- 2012
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Ingår i: IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics. - Netherländerna : Schattauer Gmbh. - 0943-4747. ; 7, s. 48-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: To provide a survey over significant developments in the area of linking personal health informatics and clinical informatics, to give insights into critical advances and to discuss open problems and opportunities in this area.Methods: A scoping review over the literature published in scientific journals and relevant conference proceedings in the intersection between personal health informatics and clinical informatics over the years 2010 and 2011 was performed.Results: The publications analyzed are related to two main topics, namely "Sharing information and collaborating through personal health records, portals and social networks" and "Integration of personal health systems with clinical information systems". For the first topic, results are presented according to five different themes: "Patient expectations and attitudes", "Real use experiences", "Changes for care providers", "Barriers to adoption" and "Proposed technical infrastructures". For the second topic, two different themes were found, namely "Technical architectures and interoperability" and "Security, safety and privacy issues".Discussion: Results show a number of gaps between the information needs of patients and the information care provider organizations provide to them as well as the lack of a trusted technical, ethical and regulatory framework regarding information sharing.Conclusions: Despite recent developments in the areas of personal health informatics and clinical informatics both fields have diverging needs. To support both clinical work processes and empower patients to effectively handle self-care, a number of issues remain unsolved. Open issues include privacy and confidentiality, including trusted sharing of health information and building collaborative environments between patients, their families and care providers. There are further challenges to meet around health and technology literacy as well as to overcome structural and organizational barriers. Frameworks for evaluating personal health informatics applications and pervasive health technology are needed to build up an evidence basis.
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| 3. |
- Koch, S
(författare)
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Informatics in the Times of Change
- 2020
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Ingår i: Yearbook of medical informatics. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 2364-0502 .- 0943-4747. ; 29:1, s. 1-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Koch, S
(författare)
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Leading IMIA through a Global Pandemic
- 2021
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Ingår i: Yearbook of medical informatics. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 2364-0502 .- 0943-4747. ; 30:1, s. 1-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Peute, Linda W., et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and Best Practices in Ethical Review of Human and Organizational Factors Studies in Health Technology : a Synthesis of Testimonies
- 2020
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Ingår i: IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0943-4747 .- 2364-0502. ; 29:1, s. 58-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Human and Organizational Factors (HOF) studies in health technology involve human beings and thus require Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. Yet HOF studies have specific constraints and methods that may not fit standard regulations and IRB practices. Gaining IRB approval may pose difficulties for HOF researchers. This paper aims to provide a first overview of HOF study challenges to get IRB review by exploring differences and best practices across different countries.METHODS: HOF researchers were contacted by email to provide a testimony about their experience with IRB review and approval. Testimonies were thematically analyzed and synthesized to identify and discuss shared themes.RESULTS: Researchers from seven European countries, Argentina, Canada, Australia, and the United States answered the call. Four themes emerged that indicate shared challenges in legislation, IRB inefficiencies and inconsistencies, general regulation and costs, and lack of HOF study knowledge by IRB members. We propose a model for IRB review of HOF studies based on best practices.CONCLUSION: International criteria are needed that define low and high-risk HOF studies, to allow identification of studies that can undergo an expedited (or exempted) process from those that need full IRB review. Enhancing IRB processes in such a way would be beneficial to the conduct of HOF studies. Greater knowledge and promotion of HOF methods and evidence-based HOF study designs may support the evolving discipline. Based on these insights, training and guidance to IRB members may be developed to support them in ensuring that appropriate ethical issues for HOF studies are considered.
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| 6. |
- Velupillai, Sumithra, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Advances in Clinical Natural Language Processing in Support of Semantic Analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics. - 0943-4747. ; 10:1, s. 183-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesWe present a review of recent advances in clinical Natural Language Processing (NLP), with a focus on semantic analysis and key subtasks that support such analysis.MethodsWe conducted a literature review of clinical NLP research from 2008 to 2014, emphasizing recent publications (2012-2014), based on PubMed and ACL proceedings as well as relevant referenced publications from the included papers.ResultsSignificant articles published within this time-span were included and are discussed from the perspective of semantic analysis. Three key clinical NLP subtasks that enable such analysis were identified: 1) developing more efficient methods for corpus creation (annotation and de-identification), 2) generating building blocks for extracting meaning (morphological, syntactic, and semantic subtasks), and 3) leveraging NLP for clinical utility (NLP applications and infrastructure for clinical use cases). Finally, we provide a reflection upon most recent developments and potential areas of future NLP development and applications.ConclusionsThere has been an increase of advances within key NLP subtasks that support semantic analysis. Performance of NLP semantic analysis is, in many cases, close to that of agreement between humans. The creation and release of corpora annotated with complex semantic information models has greatly supported the development of new tools and approaches. Research on non-English languages is continuously growing. NLP methods have sometimes been successfully employed in real-world clinical tasks. However, there is still a gap between the development of advanced resources and their utilization in clinical settings. A plethora of new clinical use cases are emerging due to established health care initiatives and additional patient-generated sources through the extensive use of social media and other devices.
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| 7. |
- Vimarlund, Vivian, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Ambient Assisted Living : Identifying New Challenges and Needs for Digital Technologies and Service Innovation
- 2021
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Ingår i: IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics. - : Thieme. - 0943-4747 .- 2364-0502. ; 30:1, s. 141-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The ambient assisted living (AAL) market is rapidly becoming fundamental to the delivery of health and social care services for the elderly. Worldwide many different steps have been taken to increase the engagement of older adults with these technologies. Much of this work has focused on the development of novel digital services that increase wellbeing or tackle social challenges. AIM: The aim of the study was to identify and describe the demands for AAL-services from the perspective of older adults. We also examine the challenges and needs of the ambient assisted living market using a needs based approach. METHOD: An exploratory case study was conducted with an aim to capture information about older adults' demands for AAL services. A survey was used to collect the data. The survey study respondents validated the results. RESULTS: The results of the study indicate that the area of AAL needs be studied from a multiple-sided market perspective. Our research suggests there is a need to describe and understand the factors that facilitate or constrain the implementation of services with focus on health and social care. There is also a need to describe and analyze the relationship between policy and practice and its effects on the AAL market. It is necessary to capture expressed demand, to identify market challenges at the macro level and to be able to understand how services should operate and serve older adults in practice. Such research is critical to the development of guidance for policy makers, suppliers and service providers. DISCUSSION: Older adults are asking for intelligent, assistive living solutions that help them to continue to live independent lives and remain socially included in their networks, associations, and communities. The elderly need services that stimulate and maintain their physical and intellectual capital. The development of innovative AAL environments is, however, a complex social process that involves the use and delivery of innovative ICT-based services. The implementation and use of AAL to support older adults involve service providers and elderly consumers. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study may be of interest to policy makers, entrepreneurs, technology suppliers, service providers and health and social care organizations, who are willing to innovate and influence the development of the AAL market through their choices and decisions. IMIA and Thieme. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit.
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| 8. |
- Vimarlund, Vivian, et al.
(författare)
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Big data, smart homes and ambient assisted living
- 2014
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Ingår i: IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics. - : Schattauer Gmbh. - 0943-4747. ; , s. 143-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To discuss how current research in the area of smart homes and ambient assisted living will be influenced by the use of big data. Methods: A scoping review of literature published in scientific journals and conference proceedings was performed, focusing on smart homes, ambient assisted living and big data over the years 2011-2014. Results: The health and social care market has lagged behind other markets when it comes to the introduction of innovative IT solutions and the market faces a number of challenges as the use of big data will increase. First, there is a need for a sustainable and trustful information chain where the needed information can be transferred from all producers to all consumers in a structured way. Second, there is a need for big data strategies and policies to manage the new situation where information is handled and transferred independently of the place of the expertise. Finally, there is a possibility to develop new and innovative business models for a market that supports cloud computing, social media, crowdsourcing etc. Conclusions: The interdisciplinary area of big data, smart homes and ambient assisted living is no longer only of interest for IT developers, it is also of interest for decision makers as customers make more informed choices among today's services. In the future it will be of importance to make information usable for managers and improve decision making, tailor smart home services based on big data, develop new business models, increase competition and identify policies to ensure privacy, security and liability.
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