| 1. |
- Ali, Reda, et al.
(författare)
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Structural conservation of the salivary gland-specific slalom gene in the blowfly Lucilia sericata
- 2005
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Ingår i: Development, Genes and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0949-944X .- 1432-041X. ; 215:10, s. 537-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycosylation and sulfation are two of the essential post-translational modifications of proteins. The slalom gene encodes a 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transporter, a conserved protein found in organisms as diverse as plants and humans and required for sulfation of proteins. In Drosophila, slalom is exclusively expressed in salivary glands, which is unexpected, taken into account the general function for sulfation of proteins. In this paper, we present a detailed description of the slalom gene in a large insect, the blowfly Lucilia sericata. Our data demonstrate that the slalom gene structure, the protein and the expression pattern are highly conserved between Lucilia and Drosophila. Lucilia slalom promoter analysis, using transgenic Drosophila, demonstrates that the Lucilia slalom promoter can faithfully mimic the expression pattern of both Lucilia and Drosophila slalom in salivary glands. Taken together, these data show the structure and the transcriptional cis-regulatory elements of the slalom gene to be unchanged during evolution, despite the 100 million years of divergence between the two insects. Moreover, it suggests that the salivary gland-specific expression of slalom bears an important and conserved function for sulfation of specific macromolecules.
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| 2. |
- Bannister, R., et al.
(författare)
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Afuni, a novel transforming growth factor-β gene is involved in arm regeneration by the brittle star Amphiura filiformis
- 2005
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Ingår i: Development Genes and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0949-944X .- 1432-041X. ; 215:8, s. 393-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily that perform multiple roles during vertebrate and invertebrate development. Here, we report the molecular cloning of a novel BMP from regenerating arms of the ophiuroid Amphiura filiformis. The theoretically translated amino acid sequence of this novel BMP has high similarity to that of the sea urchin BMP univin. This novel BMP has been named afuni. Whole-mount in situ hybridisation implicates afuni in arm regeneration. Expression occurs in distinct proximal and distal regions of late regenerates (3- and 5-week postablation). These sites are at different stages of regeneration, suggesting multiple roles for this gene in adult arm development. Cellular expression of this gene occurs in migratory cells within the radial water canal (RWC) of regenerating and nonregenerating arms. These migrating coelomocytes suggest a key role for the coelomic RWC as a source of the cellular material for use in arm regeneration by A. filiformis
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| 3. |
- Bannister, R., et al.
(författare)
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Coelomic expression of a novel bone morphogenetic protein in regenerating arms of the brittle star Amphiura filiformis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Development Genes and Evolution. - 0949-944X. ; 218:1, s. 33-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of signalling molecules involved in numerous developmental processes including cell fate determination in embryonic ectoderm of vertebrate and invertebrate species. Recently, published evidence has indicated that BMPs are involved in echinoderm adult tissue regeneration. We have cloned a novel member of the BMP2/4 subfamily from the ophiuroid echinoderm Amphiura filiformis, which we have named afBMP2/4. Whole-mount in-situ hybridisation performed on non-regenerating brittle star arms revealed that expression of afBMP2/4 is localised to the radial water canal (RWC) and that this expression is upregulated at segmental intervals along the arm. This observed expression pattern suggests a putative active role for this echinoderm BMP transcript in somatic growth and maintenance of the brittle star arm. Expression of this factor has also been observed in regenerating arms 2 weeks post-ablation, implicating the RWC as a source of cells for ophiuroid arm regeneration.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Englund, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Miple1 and miple2 encode a family of MK/PTN homologues in Drosophila melanogaster.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Dev Genes Evol. - 0949-944X. ; 216:1, s. 10-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Midkine (MK) and Pleiotrophin (PTN) are small heparin-binding cytokines with closely related structures. To date, this family of proteins has been implicated in multiple processes, such as growth, survival, and migration of various cells, and has roles in neurogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during organogenesis. In this report, we have characterized two members of the MK/PTN family of proteins in Drosophila, named Miple1 and Miple2, from Midkine and Pleiotrophin. Drosophila miple1 and miple2 encode secreted proteins which are expressed in spatially restricted, nonoverlapping patterns during embryogenesis. Expression of miple1 can be found at high levels in the central nervous system, while miple2 is strongly expressed in the developing midgut endoderm. The identification of homologues of the MK/PTN family in this genetically tractable model organism should allow an analysis of their function during complex developmental processes.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Bo Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Head patterning and Hox gene expression in an onychophoran and its implications for the arthropod head problem
- 2010
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Ingår i: Development, Genes and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0949-944X .- 1432-041X. ; 220:3-4, s. 117-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The arthropod head problem has puzzled zoologists for more than a century. The head of adult arthropods is a complex structure resulting from the modification, fusion and migration of an uncertain number of segments. In contrast, onychophorans, which are the probable sister group to the arthropods, have a rather simple head comprising three segments that are well defined during development, and give rise to the adult head with three pairs of appendages specialised for sensory and food capture/manipulative purposes. Based on the expression pattern of the anterior Hox genes labial, proboscipedia, Hox3 and Deformed, we show that the third of these onychophoran segments, bearing the slime papillae, can be correlated to the tritocerebrum, the most anterior Hox-expressing arthropod segment. This implies that both the onychophoran antennae and jaws are derived from a more anterior, Hox-free region corresponding to the proto and deutocerebrum of arthropods. Our data provide molecular support for the proposal that the onychophoran head possesses a well-developed appendage that corresponds to the anterior, apparently appendage-less region of the arthropod head.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Bo Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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The involvement of engrailed and wingless during segmentation in the onychophoran Euperipatoides kanangrensis (Peripatopsidae : Onychophora) (Reid 1996)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Development, Genes and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0949-944X .- 1432-041X. ; 219:5, s. 249-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the putative sister group to the arthropods, onychophorans can provide insight into ancestral developmental mechanisms in the panarthropod clade. Here, we examine the expression during segmentation of orthologues of wingless (Wnt1) and engrailed, two genes that play a key role in defining segment boundaries in Drosophila and that appear to play a role in segmentation in many other arthropods. Both are expressed in segmentally reiterated stripes in all forming segments except the first (brain) segment, which only shows an engrailed stripe. Engrailed is expressed before segments are morphologically visible and is expressed in both mesoderm and ectoderm. Segmental wingless expression is not detectable until after mesodermal somites are clearly distinct. Early engrailed expression lies in and extends to both sides of the furrow that first demarcates segments in the ectoderm, but is largely restricted to the posterior part of somites. Wingless expression lies immediately anterior to engrailed expression, as it does in many arthropods, but there is no precise cellular boundary between the two expression domains analogous to the overt parasegment boundary seen in Drosophila. Engrailed stripes extend along the posterior part of each limb bud, including the antenna, while wingless is restricted to the distal tip of the limbs and the neurectoderm basal to the limbs.
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| 9. |
- Grinsted, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Prey to predator body size ratio in the evolution of cooperative hunting—a social spider test case
- 2020
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Ingår i: Development, Genes and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0949-944X .- 1432-041X. ; 230:2, s. 173-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the benefits of cooperative hunting may be that predators can subdue larger prey. In spiders, cooperative, social species can capture prey many times larger than an individual predator. However, we propose that cooperative prey capture does not have to be associated with larger caught prey per se, but with an increase in the ratio of prey to predator body size. This can be achieved either by catching larger prey while keeping predator body size constant, or by evolving a smaller predator body size while maintaining capture of large prey. We show that within a genus of relatively large spiders, Stegodyphus, subsocial spiders representing the ancestral state of social species are capable of catching the largest prey available in the environment. Hence, within this genus, the evolution of cooperation would not provide access to otherwise inaccessible, large prey. Instead, we show that social Stegodyphus spiders are smaller than their subsocial counterparts, while catching similar sized prey, leading to the predicted increase in prey-predator size ratio with sociality. We further show that in a genus of small spiders, Anelosimus, the level of sociality is associated with an increased size of prey caught while predator size is unaffected by sociality, leading to a similar, predicted increase in prey-predator size ratio. In summary, we find support for our proposed ‘prey to predator size ratio hypothesis’ and discuss how relaxed selection on large body size in the evolution of social, cooperative living may provide adaptive benefits for ancestrally relatively large predators.
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| 10. |
- Heingård, Miriam, et al.
(författare)
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The forkhead box containing transcription factor FoxB is a potential component of dorsal-ventral body axis formation in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum
- 2020
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Ingår i: Development, Genes and Evolution. - : SPRINGER. - 0949-944X .- 1432-041X. ; 230:2, s. 65-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the spider, determination of the dorsal-ventral body (DV) axis depends on the interplay of the dorsal morphogen encoding gene decapentaplegic (Dpp) and its antagonist, short gastrulation (sog), a gene that is involved in the correct establishment of ventral tissues. Recent work demonstrated that the forkhead domain encoding gene FoxB is involved in dorsal-ventral axis formation in spider limbs. Here, Dpp likely acts as a dorsal morphogen, and FoxB is likely in control of ventral tissues as RNAi-mediated knockdown of FoxB causes dorsalization of the limbs. In this study, we present phenotypes of FoxB knockdown that demonstrate a function in the establishment of the DV body axis. Knockdown of FoxB function leads to embryos with partially duplicated median germ bands (Duplicitas media) that are possibly the result of ectopic activation of Dpp signalling. Another class of phenotypes is characterized by unnaturally slim (dorsal-ventrally compressed) germ bands in which ventral tissue is either not formed, or is specified incorrectly, likely a result of Dpp over-activity. These results suggest that FoxB functions as an antagonist of Dpp signalling during body axis patterning, similarly as it is the case in limb development. FoxB thus represents a general player in the establishment of dorsal-ventral structures during spider ontogeny.
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