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| 2. |
- Lundin, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Master of science in risk management and safety engineering, at Lund University, Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. - 0950-4230. ; 15:2, s. 111-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the risks generated by industry and other organisations in society change, requirements as to how these risks are to be managed must change correspondingly. This means that new methods and techniques of risk analysis and management must be developed. The need for effective research and education in this area is accentuated by the rapid pace of organisational and technological change leading to increasing risks and increased vulnerability in production, transport and infrastructure. To meet the present and future demands of risk management, Lund University is starting a two-year engineering programme leading to a Master of Science in Risk Management and Safety Engineering. This paper presents the main structure of the programme, including goal definition and short descriptions of key courses. The programme will focus on risks associated with safety, health and the environment (SHE), but also provide a general understanding of other major risks concerning companies, e.g. economic, political and organisational risks.
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| 3. |
- Dahlbom, Sixten, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of the self-ignition temperature in lagging fires by means of isothermal calorimetry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-4230 .- 1873-3352. ; 83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under certain circumstances, contamination of a porous insulation material by a combustible liquid may result in a lagging/insulation fire. In the current study, a method based on isothermal calorimetry and modelling to estimate the risk of a lagging fire, or a maximum insulation thickness for a certain system temperature, is presented. The studied system was a combination of mineral wool and rapeseed oil. Full-scale tests were performed to determine suitable ignition criteria and to validate the results from the isothermal calorimetry tests and modelling. We contaminated the lagging using two methods – a direct method and a solvent method. These methods were evaluated in the full-scale tests. The solvent method resulted in more repeatable results than the direct method, where the contaminant was poured on the insulation. Using the calorimetric measurements, we estimated the parameters for the kinetic equation. This result was used to estimate the self-ignition temperature of contaminated lagging installed on a pipe. We found that a temperature increase of 40 °C was a reasonable ignition criterion when modelling.
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| 4. |
- Huang, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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A vented corn starch dust explosion in an 11.5 m3 vessel : Experimental and numerical study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0950-4230 .- 1873-3352. ; 75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A vented corn starch dust explosion in an 11.5 m3 vessel is studied using both experimental and numerical methods. The reduced explosion overpressure in the vessel is recorded using two pressure sensors mounted on the wall inside of the vessel. Unsteady three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of the experiment are performed using the Flame Speed Closure (FSC) model of the influence of turbulence on premixed combustion. The model was thoroughly validated in previous studies and was earlier implemented into OpenFOAM CFD software. The self-acceleration of a large-scale flame kernel is associated with the influence of combustion-induced pressure perturbations on the flow of unburned reactants ahead of the kernel. Accordingly, the FSC model is extended by adapting the well-known experimental observations of the self-similarity of the kernel acceleration. Influence of different turbulence models on the simulated results is also explored. Thanks to the extension of the FSC model, the measured time-dependence of the pressure is well predicted when the k-omega-SST turbulence model is used. © 2021 The Authors
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| 5. |
- Huang, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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Unsteady 3-D RANS simulations of dust explosion in a fan stirred explosion vessel using an open source code
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0950-4230 .- 1873-3352. ; 67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dust explosion is a constant threat to industries which deal with combustible powders such as woodworking, metal processing, food and feed, pharmaceuticals and additive industries. The current standards regarding dust explosion venting protecting systems, such as EN 14491 (2012) and NFPA 68 (2018), are based on empirical correlations and neglect effects due to complex geometry. Such a simplification may lead to failure in estimating explosion overpressure, thus, increasing risk for injuries and even fatalities at workplaces. Therefore, there is a strong need for a numerical tool for designing explosion protecting systems. This work aims at contributing to the development of such a tool by (i) implementing a premixed turbulent combustion model into OpenFOAM, (ii) verifying the implementation using benchmark analytical solutions, and (iii) validating the numerical platform against experimental data on cornflour dust explosion in a fan-stirred explosion vessel, obtained by Bradley et al. (1989a) under well-controlled laboratory conditions. For this purpose, the so-called Flame Speed Closure model of the influence of turbulence on premixed combustion is adapted and implemented into OpenFOAM. The implementation of the model is verified using exact and approximate analytical solutions for statistically one-dimensional planar and spherical turbulent flames, respectively. The developed numerical platform is applied to unsteady three-dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of the aforementioned experiments. The results show that the major trends, i.e. (i) a linear increase in an apparent turbulent flame speed St,b with an increase in the root mean square (rms) turbulent velocity u' and (ii) and an increase in St,b with an increase in the mean flame radius, are qualitatively predicted. Furthermore, the measured and computed dependencies of St,b(u') agree quantitatively under conditions of weak and moderate turbulence. © 2020
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| 6. |
- Ingvarson, Johan
(författare)
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Effects of standardization in risk management regulations for land-use planning related to process industries and transportation of dangerous goods
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. - 0950-4230. ; 91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preventing and mitigating damage to the surroundings arising from process safety incidents is an important aspect of process safety. Risk-informed or risk-based decision-making are cornerstones in most countries’ regulatory regimes for land-use planning. However, the design and implementation of the regulations vary significantly - from countries that have chosen a highly standardized set of rules prescribing detailed technical solutions to less standardized regulations with functional requirements that focus on what is to be achieved rather than how it is achieved. There are strengths and weaknesses associated with risk management regulations being more or less standardized, but empirical evidence favouring high or low levels of standardization is largely lacking. Through interviews with 30 risk management practitioners from three countries (Sweden, Norway, and the Netherlands), this paper provides empirical data on the effects of different risk management regulatory regimes. Using CIMO-logic (Context – Intervention – Mechanism – Outcome) to facilitate and structure data analysis, this paper also explores the underlying mechanisms contributing to achieving the effects. The study shows that the perceived effects of standardization of risk management regulations are similar irrespective of respondents’ attributes, such as work country, current and previous roles, education level, years of experience, or gender. Similarly, there are no clear trends in the data or in scientific literature that specific effects are exclusively the results of high or low levels of standardization. The effects of standardization are highly contextual, and the balance of benefits and shortcomings of specific regulatory regimes should be explored in each situation.
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| 7. |
- Jacobsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A sequential method to identify underlying causes from industrial accidents reported to the MARS database
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-4230. ; 22:2, s. 197-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a method designed to identify underlying causes leading to industrial accidents. The method developed intends to facilitate the learning process from accidents by identifying possible causes related to the accidents that were not directly stated in an accident report, but that can be deduced following the description of the event, in particular with regard to the quality of the safety management systems in place at the industrial establishment at the time of the accident. The method has been prepared following a sequential approach, although a combination of the philosophy behind other existing accident models has been taken into consideration. The starting point to develop the model is the causes for accidents included in the MARS database of the European Commission. These causes have been extended by considering typical operational or organisational failures that are normally related to the original reported cause. The extension of causes has been performed by adding three follow-on levels of possible underlying causes. The first level could be considered as a direct cause of the accident and, the last level being more applicable to the foundation of establishing safety: "Safety Management System or the Safety Culture". In order to check the applicability of the method developed, it has been validated by a group of experts of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering, in order to reinforce the strategy adopted by the authors. Moreover, the method has been used to analyse the total set of accidents reported to the MARS database. The objective is to determine the efficiency of the method in identifying underlying causes, and to establish a link between the results obtained and the actual causes stated in the reports. In this way, it is possible to establish a system to go deeper into the analysis of past accidents, in order to obtain lessons learned, and to avoid recurrence of similar accidental scenarios in the future, as well as to give directions for a better reporting system of industrial accidents. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Jacobsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Learning from incidents - A method for assessing the effectiveness of the learning cycle
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-4230. ; 25:3, s. 561-570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedThis paper describes a method for assessing the effectiveness in the steps of the learning cycle: the 1st loop with reporting - analysis - decision - implementation - follow-up, and the 2nd loop on an aggregated basis. For each step, the dimensions considered the most relevant for the learning process (scope, quality, timing and information distribution) and for each dimension the most relevant aspects (e.g. completeness and detail) were defined. A method for a semi-quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of the learning cycle was developed using these dimensions and aspects and scales for rating. The method will give clear indications of areas for improvement when applied. The results of the method can also be used for correlation with other safety parameters, e.g. results from safety audits and safety climate inquiries. The method is intended to be used on a sample of the broad range of incidents normally seen in process industry companies. The method was tested on a two-year incident reporting material from six companies from various types of process industries. It was found that the method and the tools worked very well in practice. The results gave interesting insights into the effectiveness of learning from the incidents.
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| 9. |
- Jacobsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Method for evaluating learning from incidents using the idea of "level of learning"
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-4230. ; 24:4, s. 333-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Learning from incidents is considered a very important source for learning and improving safety in the process industries. However, the effectiveness of learning from reported incidents can often be ques-tioned. Therefore, there is a need to be able to evaluate the effectiveness of learning from incidents, and for that purpose we need methods and tools. In this paper, a method is described for evaluating the effectiveness of learning, based on the idea of “level of learning” of the lessons learned. The level of learning is expressed in terms of how broadly the lesson learned is applied geographically, how much organizational learning is involved and how long-lasting the effect of learning is. In the 6-step method, the incidents reported in a typical incident learning system are evaluated both for the actual and the potential level of learning in a semi-quantitative way with different tools. The method was applied in six process industries on a large number of incidents. The method was found to be very useful and to give insights of aspects that influence the learning from incidents.
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| 10. |
- Jacobsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying causes and level of learning from accidents reported to the MARS database
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-4230. ; 23:1, s. 39-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MARS is the system established and maintained by the European Commission in order to collect information related to major industrial accidents in EU Member States in the context of the Seveso II Directive. One of the main purposes of the MARS database is to provide information for learning from the accidents to avoid similar events. Probably, the most important issue for the learning is the determination of the causes, particularly the underlying causes, of the accidents. One objective was to find possible patterns of underlying causes per industry type and per country. Another objective was to determine the occurrence of weaknesses in safety management systems and in safety culture as underlying causes. A further objective was to determine the level of learning from the accidents, as it appears from the reports, per industry type and per country. A sequential method, presented by us in a previous paper in this publication, was used to make it possible to go beyond the causes given in the original reports and to find more underlying causes. To determine the level of learning from the accidents, using the actions/lessons learned given in the reports, a classification method was developed. This method establishes the level of learning of the lessons learned from each case description, essentially from the organisational point of view. This paper presents the results of an analysis regarding underlying causes of all the accidents of the MARS database reported up to mid 2007. The results are expressed per industry type and per country. The main results are that as much as three times as many underlying causes can be found when applying the method developed compared with what is given in the original reports. The most important underlying causes are found in weaknesses in process analysis (risk assessment) and in procedures, regardless of industry type. Weaknesses in safety management systems and in safety culture contribute as underlying causes in a very high percentage of the accidents. The quality of reporting, measured in terms of analysis of underlying causes, vary considerably between various countries. The level of learning, as determined from the information in the reports, is found to be in general rather low, especially from some of the countries. This study has given rise to ideas of improvement of the MARS system. It has also raised many questions, some of which would be suitable for further research. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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