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- Askling, Helena H., et al.
(författare)
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Influenza in travellers
- 2010
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. - 0951-7375 .- 1473-6527. ; 23:5, s. 421-425
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of review The importance of travelling as an important factor for spread of influenza has become even more evident during the recent pandemic year. All the same, the mechanism for seasonal spreading of influenza is not yet fully understood. Recent findings The incidence of influenza in returning febrile travellers from subtropical and tropical regions is between 5 and 15% with no significant differences between those vaccinated and not vaccinated in the reviewed studies. The power of the studies to detect differences are, however, low. In these studies, 12-85% of the travellers or pilgrims were vaccinated against influenza. Air transportation, and especially long-haul flight, is a key factor for the spread of influenza even though travel restrictions seem to be of no use for preventing a pandemic spread. Summary Influenza should always be considered in a febrile traveller with or without respiratory symptoms. Future studies on incidence of travel-related influenza should consider the short incubation period for a better estimate. Vaccine from the opposite hemisphere should be made available for travellers, and influenza vaccine studies should focus on optimizing the effect of the vaccine in the elderly and immunocompromised.
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| 2. |
- Frisk, Gun
(författare)
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Mechanisms of chronic enteroviral persistence in tissue
- 2001
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. - 0951-7375 .- 1473-6527. ; 14:3, s. 251-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the association remains controversial, enteroviruses have been implicated in the aetiology of several chronic diseases in humans. Investigations in vitro lead to better understanding of virus-cell interactions, and improve our knowledge of the molecular factors that are involved in the establishment and maintenance of these infections. Recent findings suggest that the most important factor in the establishment of a persistent infection is receptor usage. Studies of the mechanisms that are at work in these in-vitro models of viral infection have shown that there is frequently a co-evolution of mutant cells with higher resistance to viral infection and of virus variants with increased virulence (i.e. variants with the ability to utilize other cell-surface molecules as receptors).
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| 3. |
- Larsson, Christer, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Current issues in relapsing fever
- 2009
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0951-7375 .- 1473-6527. ; 22:5, s. 443-449
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Relapsing fever has the highest incidence of any bacterial disease in Africa and a massive epidemic potential due to current political turmoil in the Horn of Africa. This review focuses on recent advances in diagnostics, molecular biology and host-pathogen interactions. RECENT FINDINGS: Complete relapsing fever genomes have recently been published, and the first site-specific genetic knockout complementation has been performed. Relapsing fever has gone from being a neglected disease to garnering interest in aspects such as tissue invasion, membrane biochemistry and complement evasion. Relapsing fever symptoms are variable, and the disease is commonly misdiagnosed as, for example, malaria. Although relapsing fever is considered a transient disease, it persists as a residual infection in the brain, which can be reactivated on immunosuppression. Therefore, single-dose antibiotic treatment should be avoided. Instead, treatment should cover a longer period, similar to the recommended regime for Lyme disease. Relapsing fever is a common cause of pregnancy complications such as intrauterine growth retardation and placental damage with spirochaetes crossing the maternal-foetal barrier, resulting in congenital infection. SUMMARY: Although relapsing fever remains a big problem, recently described host-pathogen interactions, diagnostics and molecular biology advances such as completed genome sequences and the dawn of genetic tools have brought relapsing fever research into the 21st century.
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| 4. |
- Low, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular tests for the detection of antimicrobial resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae : when, where, and how to use?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0951-7375 .- 1473-6527. ; 29:1, s. 45-51
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of reviewMolecular methods for the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are replacing bacterial culture in many settings. This review focuses on recent progress in the development of molecular tests to detect resistant N. gonorrhoeae both to enhance surveillance and to guide decisions about individual patient management.Recent findingsAssays to enhance surveillance have been developed to detect determinants of resistance for all antibiotics used as first-line gonorrhoea treatment, or to detect specific superbug' strains, but few have been applied in clinical practice. The most advanced strategy relevant to individual case management is to identify ciprofloxacin-sensitive strains so that unnecessary use of ceftriaxone can be avoided. Cross-reactivity with pharyngeal commensal Neisseria species reduces specificity and is a challenge for many assays.SummaryProgress with laboratory-based molecular tests to detect gonococcal resistance is being made but substantial challenges remain. No laboratory-based assay has been subjected to a field evaluation and no assay so far can be used as a point-of-care test. Given the threat of antimicrobial resistance, now is the time to exploit the molecular technologies used for diagnosis and to invest in the development of molecular gonococcal resistance tests that can be implemented for public health good.
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| 8. |
- Godaly, Gabriela, et al.
(författare)
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Innate immunity and genetic determinants of urinary tract infection susceptibility.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. - 1473-6527. ; 28:1, s. 88-96
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, dangerous and interesting. Susceptible individuals experience multiple, often clustered episodes, and in a subset of patients, infections progress to acute pyelonephritis (APN), sometimes accompanied by uro-sepsis. Others develop asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). Here, we review the molecular basis for these differences, with the intention to distinguish exaggerated host responses that drive disease from attenuated responses that favour protection and to highlight the genetic basis for these extremes, based on knock-out mice and clinical studies.
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| 9. |
- Haile, M, et al.
(författare)
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Recent developments in tuberculosis vaccines
- 2005
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Ingår i: Current opinion in infectious diseases. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0951-7375. ; 18:3, s. 211-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
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