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| 2. |
- Andersson, Ulf
(författare)
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Deterioration of the phonological processing skills in adults with an acquired severe hearing loss
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0954-1446 .- 1464-0635. ; 14:3, s. 335-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phonological processing was examined in a group of individuals with an acquired severe hearing loss and compared to a group of matched normal hearing individuals. The hearing-impaired group was significantly slower and less accurate when performing a visual rhyme-judgement task, and produced fewer rhyming word pairs on a rhyme-generation task than the normal hearing group. In contrast, the hearing-impaired group performed on a par with the normal hearing group on verbal working memory tasks. It is concluded that specific aspects of the phonological system deteriorate in this population as a function of auditory deprivation. In particular, the phonological representations are impaired and this impairment also affects the ability to rapidly perform phonological operations (i.e., analyse and compare). In contrast, phonological processing involved in verbal working memory is preserved in this population.
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| 3. |
- Ballesteros, Soledad, et al.
(författare)
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Ageing, cognition, and neuroscience : An introduction
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0954-1446 .- 1464-0635. ; 21:2-3, s. 161-175
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main goal of this special issue is to report new cognitive data in normal and pathological ageing that are related to neural data at different levels. Ageing is a universal complex process that profoundly affects mind and brain of all individuals. A number of psychological theories and theoretical approaches see ageing as a set of gains and losses. Cognitive research has relied upon behavioural measures of cognitive performance. We summarise briefly the large variety of topics dealt with in the articles that compose this special issue. This is organised in four main domains: (1) processing speed, inhibition, and executive processes in normal and pathological ageing; (2) implicit learning and memory in normal ageing; (3) cognitive flexibility and episodic memory; and (4) processing emotional information in the old age.
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| 4. |
- Holmgren, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Intelligence and executive functioning in adult age: Effects of sibship size and birth order.
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0954-1446 .- 1464-0635. ; 18:1, s. 138-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study on inttelligence (i.e., block design and word comprehension) and executive functioning (i.e., working memory and verbal fluency) as related to family size and birth order was performed in middle-aged, young-old, and old-old adults. Previous studies and theories on the structural issues of family environment and its relationship to intelligence was the point of departure of this research. Using data from healthy participants, aged 35-85 years, in the Betula project (Nilsson et al., 1997, 2004), this study revealed that effects of sibship size and birth order, previously demonstrated in children, remain in adult age. Working memory was the most sensitive of the four tests used for revealing effects of the sibship size and birth order. Implications for the relationship between executive functioning and intelligence, and implications for the confluence and resource dilution models (Blake, 1981; Downey, 2001; Zajonc, 1976) are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Tobias
(författare)
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In the fast lane toward structure in implicit learning: Non-analytic processing and fluency in artificial grammar learning.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1464-0635 .- 0954-1446. ; 21:1, s. 129-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reports three experiments that investigated the relation between perceptual fluency and non-analytic processing in artificial grammar learning classification. Non-analytic processing was manipulated by invoking response time restrictions. In Experiment 1 there were no response time restrictions for classification decisions (response time: M = 5950 ms), Experiment 2 invoked a response deadline of 2 seconds (response time: M = 1310 ms), and Experiment 3 used a within-subjects response-signal procedure comparing classification after a 500 ms delay (response time: M = 838 ms) with a 2000 ms delay (response time: M = 2280 ms) The results showed that fluency created by masked priming affects classification in artificial grammar learning under conditions of relatively non-analytic processing (Experiment 2 and the short condition of Experiment 3). The results are discussed in relation to different heuristics that participants can use in artificial grammar classification, the fluency heuristic being one of them. The experiments also provided some evidence that metaknowledge of grammaticality in artificial grammar learning may under some circumstances be enhanced by non-analytic processing during testing.
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| 6. |
- Kormi-Nouri, Reza, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Negative cueing effects with weak and strong intralist cues
- 1999
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Routledge. - 0954-1446 .- 1464-0635. ; 11:2, s. 199-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In three experiments, we studied cueing effects of relational and item-specific information after enacted and non-enacted encoding of short sentences (e.g. lift the pen, fold the paper). In Experiment 1, all subjects were instructed at encoding to remember only the nouns of these sentences; half of the subjects were informed about the categorical nature of the nouns, whereas the other half were not. At retrieval, all subjects were given a free recall test and a cued recall test with the verb of each sentence as the cue. In Experiment 2, all subjects were instructed at encoding to remember the whole sentence; as in Experiment 1, half of the subjects were informed about the categorical nature of the nouns and half were not. At test, all subjects were given two cued recall tests, one categorical cue for each noun in the first test and one verb cue and one categorical cue for each noun in the second test. In Experiment 3, at encoding, all subjects were informed about the categorical nature of nouns and were instructed to remember the whole sentence. In this experiment, the actions were performed with imaginary objects; free recall and cued recall tests were given to different subjects. In all three experiments, there was a negative effect of intralist cueing with verbs. This finding is at odds with the Encoding Specificity Principle, which assumes facilitation of cueing at retrieval if the cues were encoded together with the to-be-remembered information at encoding. Also, the effect of intralist cueing was different after encoding with enactment than after encoding without enactment; this difference holds true for enactment with real objects but not for enactment with imaginary objects. Enactment increased both the relational and the item-specific cueing efficiency. The results are discussed in terms of encoding interference between cues and targets and between item-specific processing and relational processing. Enacted encoding is conceived as integrating episodic information both with respect to item specificity and relational aspects of the information.
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| 7. |
- Kormi-Nouri, Reza, 1954-
(författare)
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The nature of memory for action events: An episodic integration view
- 1995
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - UK : Informa UK Limited. - 0954-1446 .- 1464-0635. ; 7:4, s. 337-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four experiments studied the effect of conceptual integration (semantic integration) on the memory performance of action events. Experiment 1 studied normatively semantic integration within each individual item. The remaining experiments examined the effect of semantic integration at encoding on memory for subject-performed tasks (SPTs) and memory for verbal tasks (VTs). Both SPT and VT memory were tested in free recall and cued recall. In cued recall, either verbs or nouns (objects) were used as cues. In Experiment 2, well-integrated (WI) and poorly integrated (PI) items were used as a between-subjects variable. In Experiment 3, using a longer study list, type of item was a within-subjects variable. In Experiment 4, the level of integration was decreased for WIs and increased for PIs. The results from all experiments indicated that the encoding of the two components of SPTs (action verb and object) are together affected by semantic integration of the conceptual pre-experimental relation between verb and noun. The effect of encoding enactment is interpreted as episodic integration concerning a functional relation between a verb and a noun at the time of study. Finally, it was found that semantic and episodic integration correlated closely with each other, and the combination of these two types of integration results in superior memory performance. The results are discussed in terms of a strategic and an episodic integration view of SPT encoding.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes and elevated glycosylated haemoglobin : Episodic memory and utilisation of cognitive support
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0954-1446 .- 1464-0635. ; 21:2&3, s. 388-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Associations between diabetes and episodic memory performance were examined under varying levels of cognitive support at encoding and retrieval in a population-based sample of persons 35-85 years old. Participants were divided into diagnostic groups: (1) persons with diabetes (n=125), (2) persons without diabetes diagnosis but with elevated levels of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c; n=151), and (3) persons without diabetes or elevated HbA1c (n=2489). Among participants 65 years of age and younger, Group 1 performed at significantly lower levels than Groups 2 and 3. Among participants 70 years of age or older, Group 2 performed at the lowest level. The results are discussed in relation to varying underdiagnosis of diabetes across age.
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| 10. |
- Nyberg, Lilianne, et al.
(författare)
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The proposed interaction between working memory and inhibition
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0954-1446 .- 1464-0635. ; 21:1, s. 84-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two experiments investigated the determinants of performance on a go/no-go task by studying the interplay of two executive function components, working memory (WM) and inhibition. Systematically varied task demands on WM and inhibition were used in the analysis of performance together with individual capacity measures of both functions, thereby investigating an interactive view of WM and inhibition. Further analyses were conducted with individual differences in general fluid intelligence (gF), in an attempt to study the role of higher order cognition in handling task demands. The results are new in presenting empirical evidence for interactive effects of the task demand variables in concert with individual WM capacity as well as with gF, suggesting that executive processes common to WM and gF are involved in inhibitory performance, whereas gF appears to reflect a broader function in controlling behaviour in relation to task goals, whether it involves active responding or not.
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