| 1. |
- Airell, A, et al.
(författare)
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Chlamydia trachomatis PCR (Cobas Amplicor) in women: endocervical specimen transported in a specimen of urine versus endocervical and urethral specimens in 2-SP medium versus urine specimen only
- 2000
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Ingår i: International journal of STD & AIDS. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-4624 .- 1758-1052. ; 11:10, s. 651-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sensitivity of Roche Cobas Amplicor Chlamydia trachomatis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) including the internal control (IC) programme to identify inhibition, was investigated on 3 different samples from women: (1) swab samples from the urethra and the cervix pooled in 2-SP transport medium, (2) swab sample from the cervix transported in a urine sample from the same patient, and (3) urine sample alone. Out of the 2412 patients, 193 (8.0%) were chlamydia positive and in 14 of these the results showed discrepancies between sampling methods. The sensitivity of PCR on urethra/cervix, urine/cervix and urine was 98.4% (190/193), 97.9% (189/193) and 93.3% (180/193) respectively. The higher sensitivity of PCR on urethra/cervix and urine/cervix as compared with urine alone was statistically significant. Without the IC, the sensitivity of PCR on urethra/ cervix, urine/cervix and urine would have been 95.9% (185/193), 94.8% (183/193) and 90.7% (175/193) respectively. Factors influencing the rate of inhibition were also studied.
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| 2. |
- Anagrius, C, et al.
(författare)
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HIV testing in Swedish STD clinics 1986-1994
- 1998
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Ingår i: International journal of STD & AIDS. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-4624 .- 1758-1052. ; 9:8, s. 457-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1986 Swedish STD clinicians decided on a national policy of offering HIV tests routinely to all their patients. During the period July 1986 through December 1994, 224,722 tests were performed. HIV tests for one or more specific reasons were carried out on 7 of the patients, and 20 requested the test solely because of anxiety. The remaining 73 , accepted the test as part of the clinical routine without giving any specific reason. Of those offered a test, 54 had been tested at least once before. Twenty three per cent did not accept the test. Among those tested, 373 persons 0.2 were found to have a newly detected HIV infection. Contact tracing was the reason for testing in 11 , whilst 32 were tested for other specific reasons, 29 requested testing for no stated specific reason and 28 had been tested as a routine. Of all the tested men who reported sex with men, 7 proved to be HIV positive. The 373 persons with newly detected HIV infection constituted 14 of the total newly detected cases in Sweden during the period in question.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Nirina, et al.
(författare)
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Rectal chlamydia - should screening be recommended in women?
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of STD and AIDS (London). - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-4624 .- 1758-1052. ; 28:5, s. 476-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in Europe and has large impacts on patients' physical and emotional health. Unidentified asymptomatic rectal Chlamydia trachomatis could be a partial explanation for the high Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence. In this study, we evaluated rectal Chlamydia trachomatis testing in relation to symptoms and sexual habits in women and men who have sex with men. Rectal Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence was 9.1% in women and 0.9% in men who have sex with men. None of the patients reported any rectal symptoms; 59.0% of the women with a rectal Chlamydia trachomatis infection denied anal intercourse and 18.8% did not have a urogenital infection; 9.4% did neither have a urogenital infection nor reported anal sex. We suggest that rectal sampling should be considered in women visiting sexually transmitted infection clinics regardless of rectal symptoms and irrespective of anal intercourse, since our data suggest that several cases of rectal Chlamydia trachomatis otherwise would be missed, thus enabling further disease transmission.
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| 4. |
- AnderssonEllstrom, A, et al.
(författare)
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Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid in cervix only detected in girls after coitus
- 1996
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Ingår i: International journal of STD & AIDS. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-4624 .- 1758-1052. ; 7:5, s. 333-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a prospective cohort study on the prevalence of HPV in a group of female Swedish students, we obtained repeated cytological specimens during a period of 2 years, for cytological diagnosis and PCR detection of HPV. The group comprised 98 girls, sampled between 15 and 17 years, and 82 of them completed the study. The girls were also followed every sixth month by a structured face-to-face interview regarding sexuality. Only the sexually experienced girls harboured HPVDNA in the cervix with a cumulative prevalence of 37% and HPV16 was the most common type encountered. Almost half of the infected girls were lacking any clinical or subclinical signs of HPV infection. There was a positive correlation between the presence of HPV and the number of coital partners. The time period since coitarche also had importance for the HPV detection rate.
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| 5. |
- Babiker, ZOE, et al.
(författare)
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Extreme elevation of ferritin and creatine kinase in primary infection with HIV-1
- 2015
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Ingår i: International journal of STD & AIDS. - : SAGE Publications. - 1758-1052 .- 0956-4624. ; 26:1, s. 68-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diagnosis of primary HIV-1 infection can be challenging, especially in the absence of reported risks or when presenting features are unusual and uncommon. We report an atypical case of primary HIV-1 infection with HIV-1 subtype C in a 61-year old Caucasian man who presented with extreme hyperferritinaemia without iron overload and marked elevation of serum creatine kinase without rhabdomyolysis. In view of his symptomatic seroconversion and low baseline CD4+ T-lymphocyte count, the patient was treated promptly with combination antiretroviral therapy. Subsequently, he made good clinical improvement on treatment and no opportunistic infections were diagnosed at presentation or as part of a later immune reconstitution syndrome. This novel case highlights the importance of clinical suspicion of HIV and suggests that primary HIV-1 infection should be considered in patients presenting with severe hyperferritinaemia or markedly elevated creatine kinase levels. Further studies are required to explain the causative biological mechanisms underlying this rare presentation.
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| 6. |
- Barnabas, SL, et al.
(författare)
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Converging epidemics of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis in southern African female adolescents at risk of HIV
- 2018
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Ingår i: International journal of STD & AIDS. - : SAGE Publications. - 1758-1052 .- 0956-4624. ; 29:6, s. 531-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescents in Africa are at high risk for HIV infection, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and bacterial vaginosis (BV). Since behavior and burden of STIs/BV may influence HIV risk, behavioral risk factors and prevalence of STIs/BV were compared in HIV-seronegative adolescent females (n = 298; 16–22 years) from two South African communities (Soweto and Cape Town). STIs ( Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, HSV-2, Treponema pallidum, and Haemophilus ducreyi) were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction, human papillomavirus (HPV) by Roche Linear Array, and BV by Nugent scoring. Rates of BV (Nugent ≥7; 46.6%) and HPV (66.8%) were high in both communities. Prevalence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were >2-fold higher in Cape Town than Soweto (Chlamydia: 42% [62/149] versus 18% [26/148], p < 0.0001; gonorrhoea 11% [17/149] versus 5% [7/148], p = 0.05). Only 24% of adolescents with vaginal discharge-causing STIs or BV were symptomatic. In South African adolescents, clinical symptoms compatible with vaginal discharge syndrome had a sensitivity of 23% and specificity of 85% for the diagnosis of discharge-causing STI or BV. In a region with high HIV prevalence and incidence, >70% of young women with treatable conditions that could enhance HIV risk would have been missed because they lacked symptoms associated with syndromic management.
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| 7. |
- Berglund, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
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One year of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Sweden : the prevalence study of antibiotic susceptibility shows relation to the geographic area of exposure
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of STD and AIDS (London). - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-4624 .- 1758-1052. ; 13:2, s. 109-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare epidemiological data with antibiotic susceptibility patterns, so as to characterize the risk of infection with a highly resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain. N. gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Sweden from February 1998 through January 1999 were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Epidemiological data were received from each clinician reporting a case of gonorrhoea and these data were linked to the N. gonorrhoeae strains. A total of 348 N. gonorrhoeae isolates, representing 89% of all Swedish cases diagnosed during the 12-month period, were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Of all isolates, 24% were β-lactamase-producing, and 18% had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC>0.064 mg/l). All isolates were fully susceptible to ceftriaxone and spectinomycin. More than 99% of the isolates were fully susceptible to azithromycin. The antibiotic susceptibility varied with the places where patients were exposed to infection. When exposed in Asia, 63% of the isolates showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, compared with 0-8.5% of the isolates from patients exposed in other places (RR=8.5, P<0.001). Ciprofloxacin cannot be recommended as the first choice of treatment if the place of exposure was in Asia.
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| 8. |
- Bignell, Chris J., et al.
(författare)
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2012 European guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in adults
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of STD and AIDS (London). - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-4624 .- 1758-1052. ; 24:2, s. 85-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gonorrhoea is a major public health concern globally. Of particularly grave concern is that resistance to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins has emerged during the most recent years. This guideline provides recommendations regarding the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in Europe. Compared to the outdated 2009 European gonorrhoea guideline, this 2012 European gonorrhoea guideline provides up-to-date guidance on, broader indications for testing and treatment of gonorrhoea; the introduction of dual antimicrobial therapy (ceftriaxone 500 mg and azithromycin 2 g) for uncomplicated gonorrhoea when the antimicrobial sensitivity is unknown; recommendation of test of cure in all gonorrhoea cases to ensure eradication of infection and identify emerging resistance; and recommendations to identify, verify and report failures with recommended treatment regimens. Optimisations of the testing, diagnostics, antimicrobial treatment and follow-up of gonorrhoea patients are crucial in controlling the emergent spread of cephalosporin-resistant and multidrug-resistant gonorrhoea.
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| 9. |
- Blaxhult, A, et al.
(författare)
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Limited spread of hepatitis C among HIV-negative men who have sex with men in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: International journal of STD & AIDS. - : SAGE Publications. - 1758-1052 .- 0956-4624. ; 25:7, s. 493-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary Reported cases of hepatitis C (HCV) have been increasing among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in many cities worldwide, including Stockholm, Sweden. This study was performed in order to see whether there is also an increase of HCV among HIV-negative MSM. A total number of 1008 MSM attending a clinic for sexually transmitted infections (STI) were screened for HCV. A confirmed positive HCV antibody screening test was found in five cases. Two of these also tested positive for HCV-RNA. We conclude that there is limited spread of HCV among MSM in Stockholm, and the prevalence of HCV among HIV-negative MSM is similar to that found in the general population.
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| 10. |
- Boman, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Brief manual-based single-session Motivational Interviewing for reducing high-risk sexual behaviour in women : an evaluation
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of STD and AIDS (London). - : Sage Publications. - 0956-4624 .- 1758-1052. ; 29:4, s. 396-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate brief Motivational Interviewing (MI) to facilitate behaviour change in women at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs). One hundred and seventy-three women (mean age 24.7) at high risk of contracting STIs were randomized to a brief risk-reducing MI counselling intervention (n = 74) or assigned to the control group (n = 99). MI skill was assessed using the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) Coding System. Seventeen of 74 (23%) women tested for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in the MI intervention group and 22 of 99 (22%) in the control group had a genital CT infection 0-24 months before baseline. All additional CT testing was monitored up to 24 months for all 173 women in the study. None of the 49 CT-retested women in the MI group was CT infected, as compared to 3 of 72 (4%) women in the control group. A generalized estimating equations model with sexual high-risk behaviour measured at baseline and at six-month follow-up produced an adjusted estimated odds ratio of 0.38 (95% confidence interval = 0.158, 0.909), indicating efficacy. Brief manual-based single-session MI counselling seems to be effective in reducing high-risk sexual behaviour in women at high risk of acquiring STIs.
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