| 1. |
- Boisvert, Isabelle, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term monaural auditory deprivation and bilateral cochlear implants
- 2012
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 23:3, s. 195-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term binaural auditory deprivation is associated with poorer speech recognition outcomes after cochlear implantation, even for postlingual hearing loss. It is, however, unknown to what extent the outcomes of implantation are related to the peripheral changes occurring monaurally or to changes at a higher level in the auditory system related to binaural deafness. This retrospective study aimed to unravel peripheral and central contributions to cochlear implantation outcomes by comparing outcomes obtained in individual ears for adults with long-term monaural auditory deprivation (i.e. unilateral use of hearing aid) who received bilateral cochlear implants. Results showed that similar outcomes can be obtained with the implant placed in the auditory-deprived or in the aided ear. This suggests that the peripheral changes related to monaural auditory deprivation have little effect on outcomes of cochlear implantation. NeuroReport 23: 195-199
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| 2. |
- Bomberg, Eric M, et al.
(författare)
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Central ghrelin induces feeding driven by energy needs not by reward
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:6, s. 591-595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Centrally administered ghrelin, the endogenous agonist of the growth hormone secretegogue receptor, powerfully stimulates food intake. Although the orexigenic action of this peptide has been well established, it remains unclear whether ghrelin-induced hyperphagia is driven by energy needs or by reward. In our study ghrelin was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle or the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of rats given a choice between a palatable yet calorie-dilute sucrose solution and a calorically dense chow. As a result of intraventricular and hypothalamic paraventricular ghrelin injections, animals increased intake of chow but not sucrose. When the sucrose solution was offered as the only source of calories, rats treated with ghrelin infused in the ventricle and site-specifically increased sucrose consumption. These results suggest that the primary effect of ghrelin is to stimulate food intake to satisfy energy needs.
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| 3. |
- Brännvall, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Central nervous system stem/progenitor cells form neurons and peripheral glia after transplantation to the dorsal root ganglion.
- 2006
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 17:6, s. 623-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We asked whether neural stem/progenitor cells from the cerebral cortex of E14.5 enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic mice are able to survive grafting and differentiate in the adult rat dorsal root ganglion. Neurospheres were placed in lumbar dorsal root ganglion cavities after removal of the dorsal root ganglia. Alternatively, dissociated neurospheres were injected into intact dorsal root ganglia. Enhanced green fluorescent protein-positive cells in the dorsal root ganglion cavity were located in clusters and expressed beta-III-tubulin or glial fibrillary acidic protein after 1 month, whereas after 3 months, surviving grafted cells expressed only glial fibrillary acidic protein. In the intact adult DRG, transplanted neural stem/progenitor cells surrounded dorsal root ganglion cells and fibers, and expressed glial but not neuronal markers. These findings show that central nervous system stem/progenitor cells can survive and differentiate into neurons and peripheral glia after xenotransplantation to the adult dorsal root ganglion.
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| 4. |
- Brännvall, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental cues from CNS, PNS, and ENS cells regulate CNS progenitor differentiation
- 2008
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 19:13, s. 1283-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellular origin and environmental cues regulate stem cell fate determination. Neuroepithelial stem cells form the central nervous system (CNS), whereas neural crest stem cells generate the peripheral (PNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS). CNS neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) fate determination was investigated in combination with dissociated cultures or conditioned media from CNS, PNS, or ENS. Cells or media from ENS or PNS cultures efficiently promoted NSPC differentiation into neurons, glia, and smooth muscle cells with a similar morphology as the feeder culture. Together with CNS cells or its conditioned medium, NSPC differentiation was partly inhibited and cells remained immature. Here, we demonstrate that secreted factors from the environment can influence CNS progenitor cells to choose a PNS-like cell fate.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Duan, Maoli, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging of the guinea pig cochlea following round window gadolinium application
- 2004
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 15:12, s. 1927-1930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precise, non-invasive determination of the aetiology and site of pathology of inner ear disorders is difficult. The aim of this study was to describe an alternative method for inner ear visualization, based on local application of the paramagnetic contrast agent gadolinium. Using a 4.7 T MRI scanner, high contrast images of all four cochlear turns were obtained 3.5 h after placing gadolinium on the round window membrane. Gadolinium cleared from the cochlea within 96 h. Auditory brainstem response measurements performed on a separate group of animals showed no significant threshold shifts after the application, indicating that gadolinium is non-toxic to the guinea pig cochlea.
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| 7. |
- Ekman, A., et al.
(författare)
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Neuromuscular block and the electroencephalogram during sevoflurane anaesthesia
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:17, s. 1817-1820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of neuromuscular block on the anaesthetic depth of hypnosis is an elusive question. We simultaneously investigated the influence of neuromuscular block on the bispectral index, a measure of hypnosis during general anaesthesia, and on the electroencephalogram. Patients were anaesthetized with sevoflurane. Noxious tetanic electrical stimulation was applied on two occasions: before and after profound neuromuscular block achieved with rocuronium. Neuromuscular block significantly attenuated the effect from noxious stimulation on electroencephalogram power and synchrony in the γ band (P<0.05), and the corresponding effect on bispectral index (P<0.02). These findings are probably due to the reduced arousing afferent input from paralysed muscles, and not to changes in the frontal electromyogram.
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| 8. |
- Englund, Ulrica, et al.
(författare)
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The use of a recombinant lentiviral vector for ex vivo gene transfer into the rat CNS
- 2000
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 11:18, s. 3973-3977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major obstacle in ex vivo gene transfer has been the loss of transgene expression soon after implantation of the grafted transduced cells. Recently, a lentiviral vector system has been developed which has proven to express high levels of transgenes in vivo after direct injection into the tissue. In this study, we have investigated the use of such a vector for ex vivo gene transfer to the brain. A number of neural cell types were found to be permissive to transduction by the lentiviral vector in vitro and a majority of them expressed the transgene after transplantation to the rat brain. Transgene expression was detected up to 8 weeks post-grafting. These findings suggest that recombinant lentiviral vectors may be used for further development of ex vivo gene therapy protocols to the CNS.
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| 9. |
- Evstigneeva, Maria D., et al.
(författare)
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Muscle contraction force and fatigue : Effects on mismatch negativity
- 2010
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 21:18, s. 1152-1156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muscle load can affect performance of concurrent cognitive task. This effect is often explained by limited resources in the voluntary attention system. To examine whether earlier stages of cognitive information processing might be affected, we recorded the Mismatch Negativity component (MMN) of the auditory event-related brain potential before, during and after sustained handgrip at 7% and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction. MMN is an index of automatic detection of a deviating auditory event. MMN was not affected by force level. However, its amplitude at fronto-central sites decreased during the fatiguing 30% contraction, while it tended to increase during the light 7% work. Thus, muscle fatigue may affect auditory information processing at preattentive and preconscious stages, which could modify cognitive performance
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| 10. |
- Fridberger, Anders, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Local mechanical stimulation of the hearing organ by laser irradiation
- 2006
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 17:1, s. 33-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Light produces force when interacting with matter. Such radiation pressure may be used to accelerate small objects along the beam path of a laser. Here, we demonstrate that a moderately powerful laser can deliver enough force to locally stimulate the hearing organ, in the absence of conventional sound. Damped mechanical oscillations are observed following brief laser pulses, implying that the organ of Corti is locally resonant. This new method will be helpful for probing the mechanical properties of the hearing organ, which have crucial importance for the ear's ability to detect sound.
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