| 1. |
- Pizzari, T., et al.
(författare)
-
A novel test of the phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis reveals independent components of fertility
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970 .- 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 271:1534, s. 51-58
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis predicts that male sexual ornaments signal fertilizing efficiency and that the coevolution of male ornaments and female preference for such ornaments is driven by female pursuit of fertility benefits. In addition, directional testicular asymmetry frequently observed in birds has been suggested to reflect fertilizing efficiency and to covary with ornament expression. However, the idea of a phenotypic relationship between male ornaments and fertilizing efficiency is often tested in populations where environmental effects mask the underlying genetic associations between ornaments and fertilizing efficiency implied by this idea. Here, we adopt a novel design, which increases genetic diversity through the crossing of two divergent populations while controlling for environmental effects, to test: (i) the phenotypic relationship between male ornaments and both, gonadal (testicular mass) and gametic (sperm quality) components of fertilizing efficiency, and (ii) the extent to which these components are phenotypically integrated in the fowl, Gallus gallus. We show that consistent with theory, the testosterone-dependent expression of a male ornament, the comb, predicted testicular mass. However, despite their functional inter-dependence, testicular mass and sperm quality were not phenotypically integrated. Consistent with this result, males of one parental population invested more in testicular and comb mass, whereas males of the other parental population had higher sperm quality. We found no evidence that directional testicular asymmetry covaried with ornament expression. These results shed new light on the evolutionary relationship between male fertilizing efficiency and ornaments. Although testosterone-dependent ornaments may covary with testicular mass and thus reflect sperm production rate, the lack of phenotypic integration between gonadal and gametic traits reveals that the expression of an ornament is unlikely to reflect the overall fertilizing efficiency of a male.
|
|
| 2. |
- Smolla, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
Underappreciated features of cultural evolution
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954 .- 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 376:1828
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cultural evolution theory has long been inspired by evolutionary biology. Conceptual analogies between biological and cultural evolution have led to the adoption of a range of formal theoretical approaches from population dynamics and genetics. However, this has resulted in a research programme with a strong focus on cultural transmission. Here, we contrast biological with cultural evolution, and highlight aspects of cultural evolution that have not received sufficient attention previously. We outline possible implications for evolutionary dynamics and argue that not taking them into account will limit our understanding of cultural systems. We propose twelve key questions for future research, among which are calls to improve our understanding of the combinatorial properties of cultural innovation, and the role of development and life history in cultural dynamics. Finally, we discuss how this vibrant research field can make progress by embracing its multidisciplinary nature.
|
|
| 3. |
- Adamowicz-Skrzypkowska, Aleksandra, et al.
(författare)
-
Joint inhibition of mitochondrial complex IV and alternative oxidase by genetic or chemical means represses chloroplast transcription in Arabidopsis
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 375:1801
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the functional state of mitochondria have profound effects on other cellular compartments. Genome-wide expression analysis of Arabidopsis rps10 mutants with an RNAi-silenced expression of mitoribosomal S10 protein has revealed extensive transcriptional reprogramming. A meta-analysis comparing expression datasets of 25 mitochondrial perturbations showed a high similarity of the aox1a:rpoTmp mutant, which is defective in the alternative oxidase (AOX1a) and dual-targeted mitochondrial and plastid RNA polymerase (RPOTmp), to rps10. Both rps10 and aox1a:rpoTmp showed a significantly decreased electron flux through both the cytochrome and the alternative respiratory pathways, and a markedly decreased the expression of nuclear-encoded components of the chloroplast transcription machinery. In line with this, a decreased level of plastid transcripts was observed in rps10 and aox1a: rpoTmp, which was reflected in a reduced rate of chloroplast transcription. Chemical treatment of wild-type seedlings with respiratory inhibitors showed that only simultaneous and direct inhibition of complex IV and AOX activity decreased the level of plastid transcripts. Taken together, both chemical and genetic studies show that the limitation of the activity of two mitochondrial terminal oxidases, complex IV and AOX, negatively impacts chloroplast transcription. Salicylic acid and oxygen are discussed as putative mediators of the signalling pathway between mitochondria, nucleus and chloroplasts. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles’.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Allen, John, et al.
(författare)
-
General discussion
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 1471-2970. ; 358:1429, s. 217-222
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 7. |
- Allen, John
(författare)
-
The function of genomes in bioenergetic organelles.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 1471-2970. ; 358:1429, s. 19-37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts are energy-transducing organelles of the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They originated as bacterial symbionts whose host cells acquired respiration from the precursor of the mitochondrion, and oxygenic photosynthesis from the precursor of the chloroplast. The host cells also acquired genetic information from their symbionts, eventually incorporating much of it into their own genomes. Genes of the eukaryotic cell nucleus now encode most mitochondrial and chloroplast proteins. Genes are copied and moved between cellular compartments with relative ease, and there is no obvious obstacle to successful import of any protein precursor from the cytosol. So why are any genes at all retained in cytoplasmic organelles? One proposal is that these small but functional genomes provide a location for genes that is close to, and in the same compartment as, their gene products. This co-location facilitates rapid and direct regulatory coupling. Redox control of synthesis de novo is put forward as the common property of those proteins that must be encoded and synthesized within mitochondria and chloroplasts. This testable hypothesis is termed CORR, for co-location for redox regulation. Principles, predictions and consequences of CORR are examined in the context of competing hypotheses and current evidence.
|
|
| 8. |
- Anderies, J. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Connecting human behaviour, meaning and nature
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 379:1903
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much of the discourse around climate change and the situation of diverse human societies and cultures in the Anthropocene focuses on responding to scientific understanding of the dynamics of the biosphere by adjusting existing institutional and organizational structures. Our emerging scientific understanding of human behaviour and the mechanisms that enable groups to achieve large-scale coordination and cooperation suggests that incrementally adjusting existing institutions and organizations will not be sufficient to confront current global-scale challenges. Specifically, the transaction costs of operating institutions to induce selfish rational actors to consider social welfare in their decision-making are too high. Rather, we highlight the importance of networks of shared stories that become real—imagined orders—that create context, meaning and shared purpose for framing decisions and guiding action. We explore imagined orders that have contributed to bringing global societies to where they are and propose elements of a science-informed imagined order essential to enabling societies to flourish in the Anthropocene biosphere.
|
|
| 9. |
- Andersson, Claes, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
The transition from animal to human culture – simulating the social protocell hypothesis
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 1471-2970 .- 0962-8436. ; 378:1872
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The origin of human cumulative culture is commonly envisioned as the appearance (some 2.0-2.5 million years ago) of a capacity to faithfully copy the know-how that underpins socially learned traditions. While certainly plausible, this story faces a steep 'startup problem'. For example, it presumes that ape-like early Homo possessed specialized cognitive capabilities for faithful know-how copying and that early toolmaking actually required such a capacity. The social protocell hypothesis provides a leaner story, where cumulative culture may have originated even earlier-as cumulative systems of non-cumulative traditions ('institutions' and 'cultural lifestyles'), via an emergent group-level channel of cultural inheritance. This channel emerges as a side-effect of a specific but in itself unremarkable suite of social group behaviours. It is independent of faithful know-how copying, and an ancestral version is argued to persist in Pan today. Hominin cultural lifestyles would thereby have gained in complexity and sophistication, eventually becoming independent units of selection (socionts) via a cultural evolutionary transition in individuality, abstractly similar to the origin of early cells. We here explore this hypothesis by simulating its basic premises. The model produces the expected behaviour and reveals several additional and non-trivial phenomena as fodder for future work. This article is part of the theme issue 'Human socio-cultural evolution in light of evolutionary transitions'.
|
|
| 10. |
- Andersson, Siv, et al.
(författare)
-
On the origin of mitochondria: a genomics perspective.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 1471-2970. ; 358:1429, s. 165-177
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The availability of complete genome sequence data from both bacteria and eukaryotes provides information about the contribution of bacterial genes to the origin and evolution of mitochondria. Phylogenetic analyses based on genes located in the mitochondrial genome indicate that these genes originated from within the f-proteobacteria. A number of ancestral bacterial genes have also been transferred from the mitochondrial to the nuclear genome, as evidenced by the presence of orthologous genes in the mitochondrial genome in some species and in the nuclear genome of other species. However, a multitude of mitochondrial proteins encoded in the nucleus display no homology to bacterial proteins, indicating that these originated within the eukaryotic cell subsequent to the acquisition of the endosymbiont. An analysis of the expression patterns of yeast nuclear genes coding for mitochondrial proteins has shown that genes predicted to be of eukaryotic origin are mainly translated on polysomes that are free in the cytosol whereas those of putative bacterial origin are translated on polysomes attached to the mitochondrion. The strong relationship with f-proteobacterial genes observed for some mitochondrial genes, combined with the lack of such a relationship for others, indicates that the modern mitochondrial proteome is the product of both reductive and expansive processes.
|
|
