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| 2. |
- Burova, LA, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of myocarditis in rabbits injected with group A streptococci
- 2004
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Ingår i: Indian Journal of Medical Research. - 0971-5916. ; 119, s. 183-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & objectives: We have earlier proposed that group A streptococcal (GAS) immunoglobulin binding surface proteins (IgGBPs) might trigger anti-IgG production and immune complex formation leading to glomerulonephritis. In the present study, cardiac tissue material from rabbits injected with heat-killed GAS was investigated. Methods: Rabbits were injected intravenously with 10(9) colony forming units of streptococci three times weekly for 8 wk. Cardiac tissue samples were obtained at different times and deposition of IgG, C3, TNF-alpha and IL-6 was studied. Results: After 8 or more weeks of intravenous (iv) injections, minimal changes were seen in animals receiving an IgG non-binding GAS strain, type T27, whereas in those animals receiving either of two IgG binding GAS strains, types M1 or M22, strong inflammatory and degenerative myocardial changes accompanied by deposition of IgG and C3 were noted. Furthermore, on injecting rabbits with defined mutants of a type M22 strain, the development of myocardial tissue damage proved to. be dependent on the presence streptococcal IgGBPs. Interpretation & conclusion: The present data supported a role of streptococcal IgGBPs in the induction of myocardial tissue injury by GAS.
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| 4. |
- Daivadanam, Meena, et al.
(författare)
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Catastrophic health expenditure & coping strategies associated with acute coronary syndrome in Kerala, India.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Indian Journal of Medical Research (IJMR). - 0971-5916. ; 136:4, s. 585-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: India contributes a significant number of deaths attributed to coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to the rest of the world. Data on catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) related to acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the major cause of deaths in CAD, are limited in the literature. We estimated the magnitude of CHE and studied the strategies used to cope with CHE.METHODS: Two hundred and ten ACS patients (mean age 56 yr, 83% men) were randomly selected proportionately from six hospitals in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India. Information on demographics, ACS-related out-of-pocket expenditure and coping strategies was collected using a pre-tested structured interview schedule. CHE, defined as ACS-related expenditures exceeding 40 per cent of a household's capacity to pay, was estimated using the World Health Organization methods. Health security was defined as protection against out-of-pocket expenditure through an employer or government provided social security scheme. Socio-demographic variables, effect on participants' employment, loans or asset sales for treatment purposes, health security coverage and type of treatment were considered as potential correlates of CHE. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the correlates of CHE.RESULTS: CHE was experienced by 84 per cent (95% CI: 79.04, 88.96) of participants as a consequence of treating ACS. Participants belonging to low socio-economic status (SES) were 15 times (odds ratio (OR): 14.51, 95% CI: 1.69-124.41), whose jobs were adversely affected were seven times (OR: 7.21, CI: 1.54-33.80), who had no health security were six times (OR: 6.00, CI: 2.02-17.81) and who underwent any intervention were three times (OR: 3.24, CI: 1.03-10.16) more likely to have CHE compared to their counterparts. The coping strategies adopted by the participants were loans (41%), savings (14%), health insurance (8%) and a combination of the above (37%).INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that viable financing mechanism for treating ACS is warranted to prevent CHE particularly among low SES participants, those having no health security, requiring intervention procedures and those with adversely affected employment.
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| 5. |
- Diderholm, Barbro
(författare)
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Perinatal energy metabolism with reference to IUGR & SGA : Studies in pregnant women & newborn infants
- 2009
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Ingår i: Indian Journal of Medical Research (IJMR). - 0971-5916. ; 130:5, s. 612-617
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glucose is the most important fetal energy substrate. During the third trimester increased maternal glucose production and insulin resistance improves fetal glucose availability. Maternal malnutrition, chronic disease and/or placental dysfunction can disturb glucose delivery, resulting in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and an infant born small for gestational age (SGA). Hypoglycaemia is a problem frequently occurring in infants born SGA; they are also at long-term risk of developing insulin resistance. In the studies presented, energy substrate production was investigated using stable isotope dilution technique, in normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In addition energy substrate production in infants born SGA was studied on their first day of life. We found that late pregnancy was associated with an almost twofold increase in rate of lipolysis. This provides substrates for maternal energy metabolism, sparing glucose for the fetus. Even though glucose production was comparable in the two groups of pregnant women, those with IUGR had a lower rate of lipolysis. A reduced supply of energy substrates could be one factor underlying IUGR. In spite of the insulin resistance of late gestation, insulin still had a regulatory role in energy substrate production in the women with normal pregnancies, but not in those with IUGR. Although infants born SGA have limited energy stores, we demonstrated that they are capable of both lipolysis and glucose production. Data on insulin and IGFBP-1 in the SGA infants indicate that insulin sensitivity is increased peripherally but reduced in the liver.
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| 6. |
- Falhammar, H
(författare)
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Diabetic foot ulcers - The time to act is now
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Indian journal of medical research. - : Medknow. - 0971-5916. ; 156:4&5, s. 570-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Falhammar, H
(författare)
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Diabetic foot ulcers - The time to act is now
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Indian journal of medical research. - : Medknow. - 0971-5916. ; 156:44&5, s. 570-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Jan
(författare)
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Neonatal energy substrate production
- 2009
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Ingår i: Indian Journal of Medical Research (IJMR). - 0971-5916. ; 130:5, s. 618-623
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glucose is the most important foetal energy substrate. At birth the transplacental transfer of substrates is terminated. Before the start of breastfeeding the newborn infant must produce its own glucose particularly for the need of the central nervous system. Neonatal hypoglycaemia commonly occurs in risk groups such as immature and low birth weight infants, infants of mothers with diabetes and infants born large for gestational age. Our data show that extremely immature infants can also produce their own glucose during the first day of postnatal life. Although their stores of depot fat are limited, they also have a capacity for lipolysis. Infants of diabetic mothers have unimpaired lipolysis in spite of hyperinsulinaemia. This may represent a mechanism to compensate for the reduced rate of glucose production in these infants. The number of infants born large for gestational age is increasing in several countries partly consequent to increases in maternal weight. We have shown that foetal weight depends on maternal glucose production, which in turn is related to parameters associated with maternal fat mass. Like infants born small for gestational age, those born large for gestational age are at risk for metabolic disease later in life. Owing to a high fat mass these infants have a high rate of lipolysis, which can be one reason underlying the reduced insulin sensitivity seen already during the first day of life.
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| 9. |
- Jasir, Aftab, et al.
(författare)
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New antimicrobial peptide active against Gram-positive pathogens
- 2004
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Ingår i: Indian Journal of Medical Research. - 0971-5916. ; 119:Suppl., s. 74-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & objectives: Human and animal cystatins have been shown to inhibit the replication of certain viruses and bacteria, though it is not directly demonstrated that the effects are due to protease inhibitory capacity of the cystatins. We report antibacterial properties of a novel antimicrobial peptidyl derivative, (2S)-2-(N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-arginyl-leucylamido)-1-(E)-cinnamoyla mido-3-methylbutane, structurally based upon the aminoterminal segment of the inhibitory centre of the human cysteine protease inhibitor, cystatin C. Methods: Clinical isolates of group A, B, C and G streptococci were collected. The antibacterial activity of Cystapep 1 derivative was tested by agar well diffusion method. Results: Cystapep 1, displayed antibacterial activity against several clinically important Gram-positive bacteria. It displayed minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of about 16 mug/ml for both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. In radial agar diffusion assays, groups A, B, C and G streptococci as well as staphylococci were generally susceptible to the action of Cystapep 1, whereas pneumococci and enterococci were less susceptible. No activity against Gram-negative bacteria was observed. Interpretation & conclusion: Cystapep 1 also showed high activity against methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) and multi-antibiotic resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), suggesting its mechanism of action to be different from most currently used antibiotics.
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| 10. |
- Krupanidhi, S, et al.
(författare)
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Copper & biological health
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Indian journal of medical research. - 0971-5916. ; 128:4, s. 448-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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