| 1. |
- Bloise, E, et al.
(författare)
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Acute Effects of Viral Exposure on P-Glycoprotein Function in the Mouse Fetal Blood-Brain Barrier
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9778. ; 41:3, s. 1044-1050
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Viral infection during pregnancy is known to affect the fetal brain. The toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 is a pattern recognition receptor activated by viruses known to elicit adverse fetal neurological outcomes. The P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter protects the developing fetus by limiting the transfer of substrates across both the placenta and the fetal blood-brain barrier (BBB). As such, inhibition of P-gp at these blood-barrier sites may result in increased exposure of the developing fetus to environmental toxins and xenobiotics present in the maternal circulation. We hypothesized that viral exposure during pregnancy would impair P-gp function in the placenta and in the developing BBB. Here we investigated whether the TLR-3 ligand, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C), increased accumulation of one P-gp substrate in the fetus and in the developing fetal brain. Methods: Pregnant C57BL/6 mice (GD15.5) were injected (i.p.) with PolyI:C (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline). [3H]digoxin (P-gp substrate) was injected (i.v.) 3 or 23h post-treatment and animals were euthanized 1h later. Maternal plasma, ‘fetal-units’ (fetal membranes, amniotic fluid and whole fetus), and fetal brains were collected. Results: PolyI:C exposure (4h) significantly elevated maternal plasma IL-6 (P<0.001) and increased [3H]digoxin accumulation in the fetal brain (P<0.05). In contrast, 24h after PolyI:C exposure, no effect on IL-6 or fetal brain accumulation of P-gp substrate was observed. Conclusion: Viral infection modeled by PolyI:C causes acute increases in fetal brain accumulation of P-gp substrates and by doing so, may increase fetal brain exposure to xenobiotics and environmental toxins present in the maternal circulation.
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| 2. |
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| 4. |
- Fezai, Myriam, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of colon carcinoma cell migration following treatment with purified venom from lesser weever fish (Trachinus Vipera)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. - : S. Karger AG. - 1015-8987 .- 1421-9778. ; 41:6, s. 2279-2288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Injury by the sting of Lesser weever fish (Trachinus vipera) may lead to severe pain, edema or tissue necrosis. Cellular effects of the venom are still incompletely understood. Previous observations revealed that purified Lesser weever fish venom (LWFV) induces suicidal death of erythrocytes and HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells. The present study addressed the effect of the venom on colon carcinoma cell toxicity, shape and migration both in p53+/+ and/or p53-/- conditions. Methods: Cells were exposed to medium without or with 500 μg/ ml LWFV. Cell shape, cell area and circularity were visualized and quantified by fluorescence microscopy. Cell volume, granularity and cells toxicity were assessed via the apoptotic parameters dissipation of mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential, phosphatidylserine surface exposure and cell membrane permeabilization were measured utilizing flow cytometry. Cell migration was evaluated using wound healing assay and two-dimensional migration assay. Results: LWFV treatment was followed by a marked change of cell shape and size, significant decrease of cell area and circularity, significant impairment of cell migration, as well as induction of apoptosis after long exposition. Conclusions: LWFV exposure leads to cell shrinkage, increased granularity, apoptosis and impairment of cell migration, effects presumably contributing to LWFV-induced tissue injury.
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| 5. |
- Gizurarson, Sigfus, et al.
(författare)
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Electrophysiological Effects of Lysophosphatidylcholine on HL-1 Cardiomyocytes Assessed with a Microelectrode Array System
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. - : S. Karger AG. - 1015-8987 .- 1421-9778. ; 30:2, s. 477-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sudden death due to malignant ventricular arrhythmias is the most important cause of death in acute myocardial infarction. Improved knowledge about the pathophysiology underlying these arrhythmias is essential in the search for new anti-arrhythmic strategies. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a hydrolysis product of (membrane) phospholipid degradation, is one of the most potent pro-arrhythmic substances that accumulate in the human heart during myocardial ischemia. The aim of this study was to set up and validate an in vitro experimental system for studies on the effects of LPC on electrophysiological parameters in beating cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results: Spontaneously beating HL-1 cardiomyocytes were cultured on multielectrode array microchips for three days for the recording of electrical activities in the form of field potentials (FP). FPs were recorded at baseline and after addition of 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 mu M of LPC to the cell medium (n=9). We found that LPC could induce rapid effects on electrical parameters in the HL-1 cells. The overall half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of LPC was around 12 mu M. The beating rate and peak-peak amplitude of FP thus decreased at concentrations >= 12 mu M and were inversely proportional to increased LPC concentration. The duration of FP was significantly prolonged with LPC above 12 mu M and was concentration-dependent. LPC delayed signal propagation, an effect which was mimicked by blocking gap junctions with heptanol and attenuated by pre-treatment with isoprenaline and atropine. Finally, asynchronous activity was induced by LPC at >12 mu M. Conclusions: LPC induced prompt and pronounced electrophysiological alterations that may underlie its observed pro-arrhythmic properties. Our in vitro model with HL-1 cells and microelectrode array system may be a useful tool for preclinical studies of electrophysiological effects of various pathophysiological concepts. Copyright (C) 2012 S Karger AG, Basel
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| 7. |
- Hafizi, Sassan, et al.
(författare)
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Profibrotic effects of endothelin-1 via the ETA receptor in cultured human cardiac fibroblasts
- 2004
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Ingår i: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. - : S. Karger AG. - 1015-8987 .- 1421-9778. ; 14:4-6, s. 285-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in pathologic remodelling and tissue repair processes in the heart. We investigated the effects of ET-1 on growth and collagen synthesis responses in cardiac fibroblasts isolated from human hearts. We also studied the receptor subtype(s) mediating such responses and the factors regulating their expression. Methods: Fibroblasts were isolated from cardiac transplant recipient hearts and characterised by immunocytochemistry. Serum-starved cells were exposed to ET-1 and incorporation of [H-3]proline and thymidine were measured as indexes of collagen and DNA synthesis respectively. Blocking experiments utilised the selective ETA receptor antagonist BQ123 and the ETB antagonist BQ788. Results: ET-1 elicited a potent collagen synthesis response in cardiac fibroblasts, with a maximum 29+/-5% increase that was abolished by BQ123. Cardiac fibroblasts responded to ET-1 with a concentration-dependent decrease to those of TGF-beta. Radioligand binding studies revealed the presence of high-affinity ET-1 binding sites on these cells, which were upregulated by treatment with the growth factors PDGF and EGF but downregulated by TGF-beta. Conclusions: These results therefore implicate ET-1 as a trophic agent in the human heart with the ability to influence the development of cardiac fibrosis. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 9. |
- He, Shudong, et al.
(författare)
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In Silico Identification and in Vitro Analysis of B and T-Cell Epitopes of the Black Turtle Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Lectin
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. - : S. Karger AG. - 1015-8987 .- 1421-9778. ; , s. 1600-1614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: The incidence of lectin allergic disease is increasing in recent decades, and definitive treatment is still lacking. Identification of B and T-cell epitopes of allergen will be useful in understanding the allergen antibody responses as well as aiding in the development of new diagnostics and therapy regimens for lectin poisoning. In the current study, we mainly addressed these questions. Methods: Three-dimensional structure of the lectin from black turtle bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was modeled using the structural template of Phytohemagglutinin from P. vulgaris (PHA-E, PDB ID: 3wcs.1.A) with high identity. The B and T-cell epitopes were screened and identified by immunoinformatics and subsequently validated by ELISA, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine profile analyses. Results: Seven potential B-cell epitopes (B1 to B7) were identified by sequence and structure based methods, while three T-cell epitopes (T1 to T3) were identified by the predictions of binding score and inhibitory concentration. The epitope peptides were synthesized. Significant IgE binding capability was found in B-cell epitopes (B2, B5, B6 and B7) and T2 (a cryptic B-cell epitope). T1 and T2 induced significant lymphoproliferation, and the release of IL-4 and IL-5 cytokine confirmed the validity of T-cell epitope prediction. Abundant hydrophobic amino acids were found in B-cell epitope and T-cell epitope regions by amino acid analysis. Positively charged amino acids, such as His residue, might be more favored for B-cell epitope. Conclusion: The present approach can be applied for the identification of epitopes in novel allergen proteins and thus for designing diagnostics and therapies in lectin allergy.
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| 10. |
- Janson, Veronica, et al.
(författare)
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Acquisition of Cisplatin-resistance in Malignant Mesothelioma Cells Abrogates Na,K(+),2Cl(-;)-cotransport Activity and Cisplatin-induced Early Membrane Blebbing
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. - : S. Karger. - 1015-8987 .- 1421-9778. ; 22:1-4, s. 45-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Resistance mechanisms are important limiting factors in the treatment of solid malignancies with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin). To gain further understanding of the effects of acquired cisplatin-resistance, we compared a human malignant pleural mesothelioma cell line (p31) to a sub-line (p31res1.2) with acquired cisplatin-resistance.METHODS AND RESULTS: The role of Na(+),K(+),2Cl(-)-cotransport (NKCC1) activity in cisplatin-induced morphological changes and acquired cisplatin-resistance was investigated in a time-resolved manner. Acquisition of cisplatin-resistance resulted in markedly reduced NKCC1 activity, absence of cisplatin-induced early membrane blebbing, and increased basal caspase-3 activity. At equitoxic cisplatin concentrations, P31res1.2 cells had a faster activation of caspase-3 than P31 cells, but the end-stage cytotoxicity and number of cells with DNA fragmentation was similar. Bumetanide inhibition of NKCC1 activity in P31 cells repressed cisplatin-induced early-phase membrane blebbing but did not increase P31 cell resistance to cisplatin.CONCLUSIONS: Together, these results suggest that active NKCC1 was necessary for cisplatin-induced early membrane blebbing of P31 cells, but not for cisplatin-resistance. Thus, acquisition of cisplatin-resistance can affect mechanisms that have profound effects on cisplatin-induced morphological changes but are not necessary for the subsequent progression to apoptosis.
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