| 1. |
- Jansson, Irene, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of personality disorder features on social functioning in substance-abusing women five years after compulsive residential treatment.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9891 .- 1022-6877. ; 15:1, s. 25-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Personality disorders (PD) are related to negative outcome in substance abuse treatment, and in the general population, personality disorders are related to negative outcome in overall functioning. Little is known about the impact of PD on adjustment following substance abuse treatment. METHODS: A cohort of 132 women was followed for 5 years after their index treatment episode in compulsory treatment. During treatment, patients were assessed with the SCID-II. At follow-up, patients were administered a timeline follow-back interview covering their functioning, including employment status over the years, and linked with hospital and criminal justice registers. RESULTS: The impact of PD on functioning varied substantially between disorders and outcome domains. Conduct disorder alone was associated with criminal justice involvement, and conduct disorder and avoidant PD features were associated with unemployment. Dependent PD and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder features were positively associated with employment. Borderline PD features were associated with hospital admissions. DISCUSSION: We discuss how strategies associated with various PDs may foster or hinder social adjustment in general and employment patterns in particular.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Claes
(författare)
-
Comparison of WEB and Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Methods for Delivering Brief Alcohol Interventions to Hazardous-Drinking University Students : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 21:5, s. 240-252
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated automated techniques including personalized normative feedback and protective behavioral strategies, for brief interventions intended to reduce peak alcohol concentrations in university students. After completing baseline assessment, a total of 1,678 hazardous-drinking consumers were randomized to a single or a repeated Internet (WEB) or Interactive Voice Response (IVR) intervention, or to a control group (Single WEB: 323; Single IVR: 329; Repeated WEB: 318; Repeated IVR: 334; Control group: 374). At follow-up, six weeks after baseline, questionnaires were returned by 1,422 participants (Single WEB: 277; Single IVR: 286; Repeated WEB: 259; Repeated IVR: 279; Control group: 321). It was found that peak estimated BAC was reduced in the total group (b -0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.023; -0.005), in the total (b -0.17, 95% CI -0.027; -0.007) and single (b -0.021, 95% CI -0.032; -0.011) WEB group, and in the total (b -0.011, 95% CI -0.021; -0.015) and repeated (b -0.012, 95% CI -0.023; -0.000) IVR groups, compared to controls. The reduction in peak estimated BAC was greater in the single WEB group compared to the single IVR group (b -0.011, 95% CI -0.022; -0.000). This study concluded that both WEB and IVR interventions have a small but significant effect in reducing heavy episodic drinking, which may be due to the relatively large sample size. Repeated intervention may be needed if delivered by IVR.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Berman, Anne H., et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) in criminal justice and detoxification settings and in a Swedish population sample
- 2005
-
Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 11:1, s. 22-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychometric properties of the 11-item self-report Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) were evaluated in a sample of heavy drug users from prison, probation, and inpatient detoxification settings, and in a general Swedish population sample. In the drug user sample, the DUDIT predicted drug dependence with a sensitivity of 90% for both DSM-4 and ICD-10 and a respective specificity of 78 and 88%. Reliability according to Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.80. In the population sample, 3.1% scored positive on the DUDIT; T-score values are suggested. The DUDIT screens effectively for drug-related problems in clinically selected groups and may prove useful in the context of public health surveys.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bjarnadottir, G. D., et al.
(författare)
-
Intravenous Use of Prescription Psychostimulants; A Comparison of the Pattern and Subjective Experience between Different Methylphenidate Preparations, Amphetamine and Cocaine
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 22:5, s. 259-267
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Methylphenidate (MPH) has been the most commonly used intravenous (i.v.) substance in Iceland in recent years. In Iceland, MPH is available in 3 forms: immediate-release (IR) tablets (MPH IR, short-acting), sustainable-release (SR) capsules (MPH SR, long-acting) and osmotic-release (OROS) tablets (MPH OROS, long-acting). The aims of the study were to compare the pattern and subjective effects of i.v. MPH use to other i.v. psychostimulants and examine whether the pattern of use differs among MPH preparations. Methods: This is a nationwide descriptive study. Information was collected from 95 i.v. substance users undergoing inpatient detoxification and reporting i.v. MPH use in the last 30 days using a semi-structured interview. Results: MPH SR was both the most commonly used (96%) and preferred i.v. psychostimulant (57%). The intensity and duration of 'euphoria' did not differ between cocaine and MPH SR. No participant reported MPH OROS as their preferred substance even though a third had used it in the past month. Conclusions: The pattern of i.v. MPH use is similar to other psychostimulants among treatment seeking patients. MPH OROS was the least preferred i.v. psychostimulant, despite having the largest market share in Iceland. The results indicate that MPH OROS has less abuse potential than other MPH preparations. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
|
|
| 6. |
- Bloomfield, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in Alcohol-Related Harm after Alcohol Policy Changes in Denmark
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 15:4, s. 224-231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This paper examines changes in alcohol-related harm in Denmark between 2003 and 2005 after changes in alcohol policies were introduced between 2003 and 2005. Methods: Interrupted time series analysis was performed with data on violent assaults and hospitalisations for acute alcohol intoxication from 2003 through 2005. Results: A 26% increase in the number of acute alcohol intoxication hospitalisations among people aged 15 years and younger was detected after the tax reduction on spirits. No significant increase in violent assaults and acute intoxication among adults was found. Conclusions: Even modest alcohol price policies can affect more vulnerable population sub-groups such as under-age youth. Policy makers should consider such consequences when forming economic policies that also have public health implications.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bodin, MC, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictors of 2-year drinking outcomes in a Swedish treatment sample
- 2007
-
Ingår i: European addiction research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 13:3, s. 136-143
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> Few studies have investigated predictors of short- and longer-term outcomes in relatively well functioning treatment samples. <i>Methods:</i> Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of continuous abstinence in 188 individuals during their 2nd year after private 12-step treatment in Sweden, and findings are related to a previous report on 1-year outcomes. <i>Results:</i> Individual baseline characteristics were not directly related to 2nd year outcomes, while a higher 1st-year drinking severity decreased the likelihood of 2nd-year abstinence. Satisfaction with treatment and affiliation with Alcoholics Anonymous, but not program aftercare during the 1st year increased the likelihood of 2nd-year abstinence. <i>Conclusion:</i> Results are consistent with previous studies showing that shorter-term outcomes are likely to be maintained, and that baseline characteristics and treatment factors account less for outcomes over longer terms.
|
|
| 8. |
- Bramness, Jorgen G., et al.
(författare)
-
A Bibliometric Analysis of European versus USA Research in the Field of Addiction. Research on Alcohol, Narcotics, Prescription Drug Abuse, Tobacco and Steroids 2001-2011
- 2014
-
Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : Karger. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 20:1, s. 16-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To compare the publication and citation rate within the areas of drug abuse and dependence research in Europe with that in the USA. Methods: This is a bibliometric study using the Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge as data source, 40 key words were used as search terms, but certain scientific publications not concerning the issue were excluded. Scientific publications from Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the USA were studied. The number of publications in each country and in each year in addition to the citation indices for these publications was retrieved. Results: Approximately two thirds of the publications came from the USA. Both in absolute and relative figures, Europe lagged behind. The trend over the last decade was a greater gap between the amount of research performed in Europe versus the USA. There were thematic differences. Smaller European countries had a greater relative publication rate. The citations were relatively evenly distributed. Conclusions: It has been claimed that 85% of the world's research within the field of drug abuse and dependence is carried out in the USA. This study challenges this figure, but European research within this field is lagging behind. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
