| 1. |
- Arnetz, Judith E., et al.
(författare)
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Patient Involvement : A New Source of Stress in Health Care Work?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Health Communication. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1041-0236 .- 1532-7027. ; 31:12, s. 1566-1572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients have become increasingly well informed with higher expectations to be involved in decision-making processes regarding their care and treatment. However, few studies have examined the impact of patient involvement on health care providers' partnership-building communication. The aim of this study was to measure and explore the self-reported effects of patient involvement on the work of physicians and nurses. A questionnaire survey was distributed among cardiology staff in 12 Swedish hospitals (N=488, response rate 67%). The sample was comprised of registered nurses (RNs, n=303), licensed practical nurses (LPNs, n=132), and physicians (MDs, n=53). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine seven questionnaire statements concerning implications of patient involvement for one's clinical work. Regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with staff's partnership-building communication. Analysis confirmed two distinct factors accounting for 57% of the total variance, representing both negativeHasslesand positiveUpliftsaspects of patient involvement. Regression analyses revealed that only positive aspects (i.e., uplifts) of patient involvement predicted staff behavior aimed at involving patients. Working with actively involved patients may be a source of stress, both negative and positive, for health care professionals. By developing work routines for involving patients in their care, health care workplaces may help health care professionals to buffer the negative effects, and enhance the positive effects, of that stress.
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| 2. |
- Brännström, Inger, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Mass communication and health promotion : The power of the media and public opinion
- 1994
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Ingår i: Health Communication. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1041-0236 .- 1532-7027. ; 6:1, s. 21-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By means of content analysis, this study evaluated the ways in which a community-based preventive program in Sweden in the field of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes was reported in the news by the Swedish mass media We were also interested in determining whether, and to what extent, 5 years of exposure to the media had affected the health habits of the residents in the intervention area. Thus, the views of the public were obtained via a cross-sectional posttest survey of all adults 16 to 80 years of age. Responses were obtained from 65% of the population. Data were interpreted within a framework of a three-dimensional power approach: control of issue resolution, control of information content, and emphasis and control of ideology. The health program has attracted much attention, and some of the contents have been commented on in depth (e.g., dietary habits, health examinations, and organizational issues). The authorities, including the health and medical staff, were the main actors on the media stage. The media coverage was largely restricted to middle-aged men, whereas women, children, young people, and pensioners were less salient in the news. The mass media were found to emphasize an individual standpoint concerning health habits, and when the "ordinary people" appeared it was as exemplary models in the spirit of the health program. The results indicated sex and social class differences among people recalling the media news. Men in manual occupations were the least affected by the media coverage of the health program.
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| 3. |
- Fernandes, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Using an educational multimedia application to prepare children for outpatient surgeries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Health Communication. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1041-0236 .- 1532-7027. ; 30:12, s. 1190-1200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgery is a highly stressful event for children and caregivers. Extensive effort has been made to improve preoperative care in order to alleviate worry about the surgical procedure itself. This study tested the impact of an educational multimedia intervention on the cognitive, emotional, and physiological responses of children undergoing surgery, as well as on parental state anxiety. Children (n = 90) were assigned to three different groups: an educational multimedia intervention (experimental group), an entertainment video game intervention (comparison group), and a control group (no intervention). Children who received the educational multimedia intervention reported lower level of worries about hospitalization, medical procedures, illness, and negative consequences than those in the control and in the comparison groups. Parental state anxiety was also lower in the both the educational and the entertainment video game interventions compared to the control group. These findings suggest that providing information to children regarding medical procedures and hospital rules and routines is important to reduce their preoperative worries, and also relevant for parental anxiety.
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| 4. |
- Gavioli, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Reflections on Doctor Question – Patient Answer Sequences and on Lay Perceptions of Close Translation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Health Communication. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1041-0236 .- 1532-7027. ; 36:9, s. 1080-1090
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lay perception of those who work with interpreters in their professional conversations (and sometimes of interpreters themselves) is that translation of what they and their patients/clients say should be as close as possible. The very idea of close translation may seem simple, but the practice of rendering spontaneous talk-in-interaction as close as possible is quite complex, and requires much more from the mediator than textually close renditions. In this paper, we discuss what is involved in the accomplishment of close rendering in talk. We focus on question-answer sequences with clinicians and patients, when details about the patients’ history and their symptoms are collected. We show that meaning is achieved and rendered through processes that may go rather beyond the single words and utterances and that involve the contribution of all the interlocutors. We show three types of sequences taken from a collection of authentic data audio-recorded in health care services in Italy and transcribed to allow for analysis. The sequences show three different forms of talk, found in the data, where participants pursue close, precise rendition of medical details. The analysis highlights that the Italian intercultural mediators (just like those trained and assigned as public service interpreters in other countries), even in these cases which are peculiarly focused on precise details, do need to take responsibility not only for translating the textual items but also for coordinating turns at talk. It is responsible turn-coordination which leads to rendering meaning closely.
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| 5. |
- Gerger, Heike, et al.
(författare)
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Lay Perspectives on Empathy in Patient-Physician Communication : An Online Experimental Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Health Communication. - : Routledge. - 1041-0236 .- 1532-7027. ; 39:6, s. 1246-1255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research indicates that patients consider empathy as a key factor contributing to the quality-of-care. However, ambiguities in the definition of this multidimensional construct complicate definite conclusions to-date. Addressing the challenges in the literature, and using a hypothetical physician-patient interaction which explored patient-perceived differences between expressions of affective empathy, cognitive empathy, compassion and no empathy, this study aimed to test whether lay participants' evaluations of the quality-of-care depend on the type of empathic physician behavior, and on the physician's gender. We conducted a randomized web-based experiment using a 4 (type of empathy) by 2 (physician gender) between-subjects design. Empathy was subdivided into three concepts: first, affective empathy (i.e. feeling with someone); second, cognitive empathy (i.e. understanding); and third, compassion (i.e. feeling for someone and offering support). Perceived quality-of-care was the primary outcome. Compared with non-empathic interactions, quality-of-care was rated higher when physicians reacted cognitively empathic or compassionate (d = 0.71; 0.43 to 1.00 and d = 0.68; 0.38 to 0.98). No significant difference was found between affective empathy and no empathy (d = 0.13; -0.14 to 0.42). The physician's gender was not related with quality-of-care. Aspects of participants' personality but not their age, gender or the number of physician visits were associated with quality-of-care. No interactions were observed. In showing that patients rated quality-of-care higher when physician reactions were described as cognitively empathic and compassionate, as compared with affectively empathic or non-empathic, our findings refine views about the kinds of empathy that are important in patient care with implications for clinical practice, education and communication trainings.
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| 6. |
- Geusens, Femke, et al.
(författare)
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First Comes Substance Use, Then Comes Social Media Posts? : Examining the Temporal Ordering and Relative Strength of Relations Across Alcohol, Tobacco and Marijuana Use and Posting Behavior
- 2023
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Ingår i: Health Communication. - : Routledge. - 1041-0236 .- 1532-7027.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social media posts represent a major route by which youth share their substance use cognitions and experiences with others. Extant research has primarily examined relations between alcohol-related posts and posters’ own alcohol use, yet little is known about the role of social media in the use of less socially accepted substances, namely tobacco and marijuana. Our study represents the first to examine the relative strength of this relation across alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. The current research used a one-month time lag to tease apart the temporal ordering of substance-use-posting and participants’ own substance use. A sample of 282 15-20-year-olds (Mage = 18.4, SD = 1.3, 52.9% female) in the United States completed two self-report surveys, one month apart. Results of a cross-lagged panel model revealed significant effects of alcohol and marijuana consumption on subsequent alcohol- and marijuana-related posting, respectively (i.e., selection effects). However, reverse relations (i.e., self-effects) were not significant. Further, we found no differences in the strength of selection effects across substances, suggesting they are similar for both more (alcohol) and less (marijuana and tobacco) socially acceptable substances. Results point to the importance of using young people’s social media posts as a way to help identify individuals at risk for heightened substance use and social media as a mechanism for targeted prevention programming.
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| 7. |
- Heckemann, Birgit, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Finding the Person in Electronic Health Records. A Mixed-methods Analysis of Person-centered Content and Language
- 2022
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Ingår i: Health Communication. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1041-0236 .- 1532-7027. ; 37:4, s. 418-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The co-creation and sharing of documentation of person-centered care is important, but challenging in clinical practice. Online access to health records is considered essential to increase patient participation and empowerment in person-centered care provision. The aims of this study were (1) to identify the extent of person-centered content in medical inpatient records and discharge letters; (2) to describe the characteristics of the language and rhetoric used in discharge letters. This was a concurrent, mixed-methods study involving a deductive, quantitative analysis of person-centered content in 69 Patient Accessible Electronic Health Records from patients with pituitary tumors, and an iterative, qualitative language analysis of a nested sample of 57 discharge letters. Both the content and language of inpatient records were mostly patient-centered. Records were concerned with the documentation of symptoms and medical and care interventions. There was little person-centered documentation of patients’ preferences, wishes and needs, and shared decision-making. In the discharge letters, written for the patients, some physicians had attempted to write in a person-centered way, using plain language and a narrative. However, most wrote in a style that was reflective of their discourse community, using abbreviations and medical terms. Established norms for documentation in healthcare are a barrier to person-centered documentation. Patients’ needs and preferences about documentation should be explored to increase understanding of how person-centered documentation can be achieved in clinical practice.
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| 8. |
- Hellström, Andreas, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Whole System in the Room: Toward Systems Integration in Healthcare
- 2018
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Ingår i: Health Communication. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1532-7027 .- 1041-0236. ; 33:7, s. 800-808
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How might systems integration be furthered in healthcare? The paper addresses this by exploring critically the potentials of appreciative inquiry for accelerating systems integration through a large group intervention. We analyze a one-day dialog workshop to get “the whole system in the room” to improve cancer care in a regional health authority in south west Sweden. Seeing systems integration as socialization and enhanced common understandings, we suggest that discourse may play a crucial role in bringing together the various stakeholders in the system. Our analysis of the group discussions of the event demonstrates however that the degree of shared understanding can vary considerably across the discussion themes of appreciative inquiry. We argue that the “patient,” as a linguistic artifact, can act as a boundary signifier that enables those present to interact in a meaningful and coherent way but that this stops short of systems integration.
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| 9. |
- Herlitz, Anders, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The Counseling, Self-care, Adherence Approach to Person-centered Care and Shared Decision Making: Moral Psychology, Executive Autonomy, and Ethics in Multi-dimensional Care Decisions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Health Communication. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1041-0236 .- 1532-7027. ; 31:8, s. 964-973
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article argues that standard models of person-centred care (PCC) and shared decision making (SDM) rely on simplistic, often unrealistic assumptions of patient capacities that entail that PCC/SDM might have detrimental effects in many applications. We suggest a complementary PCC/SDM approach to ensure that patients are able to execute rational decisions taken jointly with care professionals when performing self-care. Illustrated by concrete examples from a study of adolescent diabetes care, we suggest a combination of moral and psychological considerations to support the claim that standard PCC/SDM threatens to systematically undermine its own goals. This threat is due to a tension between the ethical requirements of SDM in ideal circumstances and more long-term needs actualized by the context of self-care handled by patients with limited capacities for taking responsibility and adhere to their own rational decisions. To improve this situation, we suggest a counseling, self-care, adherence approach to PCC/SDM, where more attention is given to how treatment goals are internalized by patients, how patients perceive choice situations, and what emotional feedback patients are given. This focus may involve less of a concentration on autonomous and rational clinical decision making otherwise stressed in standard PCC/SDM advocacy.
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| 10. |
- Howell, Marcia, et al.
(författare)
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Switched On : How the Timing of Aversive Content in Traffic Safety Videos Impact Psychophysiological Indicators of Message Processing
- 2019
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Ingår i: Health Communication. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1041-0236 .- 1532-7027. ; 34:13, s. 1663-1672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates how timing of the introduction of unpleasant emotional tone in a traffic safety video impacts the intensity of the viewer?s emotional experience. Traffic safety advertising is a multi-million-dollar business in the United States. In many instances, 30?60?s ads are produced to raise awareness of the consequences of unsafe behaviors with the expectation that simply providing information will motivate safer behaviors. Producing videos intended to generate behavior change requires a complex understanding of what motivates behavior. Behavior change theory, neuroscience, and psychophysiology all provide guidance to improve the persuasive power of traffic safety videos. This study consisted of a 3 (message tone)???3 (video)???4 (order) repeated measures within subjects designed experiment. Participants (N?=?75) were 20?30-year-old men who were shown nine traffic safety videos. Arousal intensity, attention, and negative emotion were tracked with the psychophysiological measures of skin conductance (measuring intensity of arousal), heart rate (measuring attention paid during the video), and corrugator muscle activation (measuring the negative emotional experience). Videos with three different aversive tones were used, low, high, and videos in which the tone switched from low to high aversive. Aversive tone is defined as stimuli that motivate a desire to escape or avoid something like death or pain. All videos were designed to prevent motor vehicle crashes. The results obtained from this study indicate that when attempting to persuade males aged 20?30 to practice safer driving behaviors, switched message tone appears to be the most effective message design in terms the intensity of emotional arousal and maintenance of attention.
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