| 1. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Remittances and relative concerns in rural China
- 2016
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Ingår i: China Economic Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 1043-951X. ; 37, s. 191-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper investigates the impact of remittances on the relative concerns of households in rural China. Using the Rural to Urban Migration in China (RUMiC) dataset we estimate a series of subjective well-being functions to simultaneously explore relative concerns with respect to income and remittances. Our results show that although rural households experience substantial welfare loss due to income comparisons, they gain well-being by comparing their remittances with those received by their reference group. In other words, we find evidence of a "status effect" with respect to income and of a "signal effect" of similar magnitude with respect to remittances. This finding is robust to various specifications, alternative reference group definitions, controls for the endogeneity of remittances and selective migration, as well as the use of migrants' net contribution to household income.
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| 2. |
- Du, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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State advances and private retreats? : Evidence of aggregate productivity decomposition in China
- 2014
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Ingår i: China Economic Review. - : Elsevier. - 1043-951X. ; 31, s. 459-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is motivated by the recent debate on the existence and scale of China's '. Guo Jin Min Tui' phenomenon, which is often translated as 'the state sector advances and the private sector retreats'. We argue that the profound implication of an advancing state sector is not the size expansion of the state ownership in the economy per se, but the likely retardation of the development of the already financially constrained private sector and the issues around the sustainability of the already weakening Chinese economy growth. Drawing on recent methodological advances, we provide a critical analysis of the contributions of the state and non-state sectors in the aggregate Total Factor Productivity and its growth over the period of 1998-2007 to verify the existence of GJMT and its possible impacts on Chinese economic growth. Overall, we find strong and consistent evidence of a systematic and worsening resource misallocation within the state sector and/or between the state sectors and private sectors over time. This suggests that non-market forces allow resources to be driven away from their competitive market allocation and towards the inefficient state sector.
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| 3. |
- Fan, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Search frictions in rental markets : Evidence from urban China
- 2024
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Ingår i: China economic review. - : Elsevier BV. - 1043-951X .- 1873-7781. ; 83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we study consumer search in a housing market subject to objective frictions induced by intermediaries and psychological frictions intrinsic to tenants themselves. Using rental data from a leading real estate brokerage company during 2016 and 2018, we find a unimodal distribution of objective search frictions and a bimodal distribution of psychological search frictions revealed by tenants' search behaviors. This bimodal distribution originates from divergent search strategies of tenants with different search criteria. Furthermore, psychological search frictions explain the deviation between a tenant's actual choice and stated preference, and enhance the degree of overpay/mark-up in the deal. These effects of psychological frictions led by divergent search strategies hold when we consider the expertise/incentive of agents and the rigidity/opportunity cost of tenants' search. Aggregately, psychological search frictions result in a dispersed and asymmetric distribution of rent residuals.
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| 4. |
- Feng, Xunan, et al.
(författare)
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Escaping Political Extraction: : Political Participation, Institutions, and Cash Holdings in China
- 2014
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Ingår i: China Economic Review. - : Elsevier. - 1043-951X. ; 30, s. 98-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the effects of political participation on holdings of liquid assets in Chinese privately controlled listed firms. Previous research has shown that the risk of political extraction by politicians and bureaucrats in countries with weak institutions has an adverse effect on holdings of liquid assets. We propose that political participation by private entrepreneurs can function as a means to alleviate some of that risk. We find that political participation in China is positively related to cash holdings in regions with weaker institutions. Our results also show that investments in "hard" assets such as PPE and inventories, which are less susceptible to the grabbing hand, are higher in regions with weaker institutions, but that political participation mitigates this effect. Finally, cash holdings have an insignificantly positive effect on firm value on its own, while political participation is positively associated with firm value. The interaction between cash holdings and political participation is positively related to firm value, again suggesting that political participation facilitates the holding of liquid assets in China, which in turn results in better firm performance.
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| 5. |
- Gao, Y. N., et al.
(författare)
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Accounting and determinants analysis of China's provincial total factor productivity considering carbon emissions
- 2021
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Ingår i: China Economic Review. - 1043-951X. ; 65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most undesirable output of China's rapid economic growth has been increasing carbon emissions. This study measures and analyzes the impact of carbon emissions on China's regional total factor productivity from 2000 to 2017. Using global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity indexes, we re-estimate the provincial total factor productivity taking carbon emission into account, comparing different assumptions of returns to scale and considering the rank reverse issue. The differences of technical progress and efficiency change across Chinese regional economies are also investigated and we found that the former was the primary contributor to improved Chinese provincial productivity performance. In addition, we analyze the influencing factors of productivity based on provincial panel data. Our results indicate that innovation capacity, energy and employment structure had significant impact on the provincial productivities while urbanization had a negative impact. A more sustainable development can be expected by expanding regional investment in R&D, adjusting and optimizing structures of regional industries and energies.
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| 6. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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China's urban poor – Comparing twice poverty between residents and migrants in 2013 and 2018
- 2023
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Ingår i: China economic review. - 1043-951X. ; 80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using data from the China Household Income Project in 2013 and 2018, this paper studies relative poverty among rural hukou holders living in urban China and urban hukou holders. People living in households with an income below a fixed percent of the median per-capita income and wealth below the same fixed percent of the median per-capita wealth among urban residents are deemed as relative poor. Although migrants with rural hukou living in urban China were more prone to twice poverty than urban residents in 2013, this was not generally the case in 2018. A multivariate analysis shows several factors to be related to the probability of being twice relative poor. Even considering these factors, a rural hukou status increased the probability of being twice relative poor in 2013. In contrast, such an excess risk of being twice relative poor was much lesser outspoken in middle and low-ranking cities in 2018. However, rural to urban migrants living in high-ranking cities had a somewhat higher risk of being relative poor than urban residents with the same characteristics in 2018.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Data for Studying Earnings, the Distribution of Household Income and Poverty in China
- 2014
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Ingår i: China economic review. - : Elsevier BV. - 1043-951X. ; 30, s. 419-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses data used in publishing statistics on earnings, the distribution of household income and poverty in China by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) which is widely used by policy makers, international agencies and researchers. Unlike many other countries, China until recently had a dual system of household surveys - one rural and one urban. This has had consequences for providing official data on wages, income and poverty which we discuss along with other challenges. Since the end of the 1980s, researchers have been active in the construction of large databases aimed at mapping earnings, household income and poverty, and we present seven of these in the paper.
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Rank, income and income inequality in urban China
- 2009
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Ingår i: China Economic Review. - 1043-951X. ; 20:3, s. 497-507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While some workers in China attain senior professional level and senior cadre level status (Chuzhang and above), others attain middle rank including middle rank of professional and cadre (Kezhang). This aspect of the Chinese labor force has attracted surprisingly little attention in the literature, a fact which this paper aims to rectify. We define various segments of the urban population in work-active ages and use data from the Chinese Income Project (CHIP) covering eastern, central and western China for 1995 and 2002. For 2002, persons of high rank make up 3 percent and persons of middle rank make up 14 percent of persons in work-active ages. Factors that affect a person’s likelihood of having high or middle rank are investigated by estimating a multinomial probit model. We find that education, age and gender strongly affect the probability of being employed as a worker of high rank. There is relatively little income inequality among workers of high rank as well as among workers of middle rank. Mean income and household wealth per capita of highly-ranked workers developed more favorably than for other segments of the population studied, and personal income is more polarized by segment in 2002 than in 1995. Workers of high rank, and to a lesser degree, workers of middle rank, are among the winners in economic terms while the increasingly large category of non-workers are the losers. Rates of return to education have increased but income function analysis indicates that this provides only a partial explanation for the increased favorable income situation for workers of high and middle ranks.
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| 9. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Villages where China's Ethnic Minorities Live
- 2009
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Ingår i: China Economic Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 1043-951X. ; 20:2, s. 193-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates how ethnic minorities in rural China are faring compared with the ethnic majority. The village is the unit of analysis and large surveys for 2002 are used. Minority villages in northeast China are found to have a somewhat better economic situation than the average majority village, but minority villages in the southwest are clearly faring worse. Industrialisation, inputs in agricultural production, stock of human capital of the labour force, wage level on the local labour market as well as indicators of path dependency are all found to affect the economic situation of a village. Location is the single most important circumstance working against a favourable economic situation for minority villages in the northwest and particularly the southwest. Low village income results in long-distance migration for many ethnic minorities, but for some minorities their ethnicity hinders migration.
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Wage growth and inequality in urban China: 1988–2013
- 2020
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Ingår i: China Economic Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 1043-951X. ; 62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the evolution of wage levels, wage inequality, and wage determinants among urban residents in China using China Household Income Project data from 1988, 1995, 2002, 2007, and 2013. Average wage grew impressively between each pair of years. Wage inequality had long been on the increase, but between 2007 and 2013 no clear changes occurred. In 1988, age and wages were positively related throughout working life, but more recently older workers' wages have been lower than those of middle-aged workers. The relationship between education and wages was weak in 1988 but strengthened rapidly thereafter—a process that came to a halt in 2007. During the period in which China was a planned economy the gender wage gap was small in urban China, but it widened rapidly between 1995 and 2007. We also report the existence of a premium for being employed in a foreign-owned firm or in the state sector.
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