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- Adriaenssens, Bart, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Shy trout grow faster: exploring links between personality and fitness-related traits in the wild.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - 1045-2249. ; 22:1, s. 135-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many animals, individual differences in behavior show remarkable consistency across situations and contexts (i.e., animal personality and behavioral syndromes). Studies on the association between personality traits and fitness-related measures in nature are, however, important to clarify the causes and consequences of this phenomenon. Here, we tested for correlations between 3 behavioral axes in brown trout (Salmo trutta) parr: exploration tendency, behavioral flexibility, and aggressiveness. Next, we tested how these individual behaviors relate to social dominance and performance under natural conditions (growth, survival, and movement). We found support for behavioral syndromes in brown trout with less explorative individuals being less aggressive and showing more flexible behavior. In addition, these low-explorative personality types grew faster than bolder conspecifics in the wild. Standardized aggression in the laboratory was a poor indicator of social dominance, and neither of these 2 traits affected performance in the wild. These results challenge the view that personality traits can be predicted by constant associations with life-history trade-offs (e.g., boldness is linked with rapid growth). Moreover, our findings suggest that fitness predictions from laboratory measures of behavior should be made with caution and ideally tested in nature.
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| 5. |
- Ahnesjö, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Obituary : Staffan Ulfstrand
- 2024
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press. - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 35:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 8. |
- Anderson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Root herbivory affects oviposition and feeding behavior of a foliar herbivore
- 2011
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 22, s. 1272-1277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Performance and distribution of phytophagous insects are driven by direct and indirect competitive interactions. Plant-feeding arthropods have been shown to interact indirectly through the plants' response to herbivory. In the case of systemically induced plant responses, this interaction extends to herbivores inhabiting different parts of a plant, for example, above- and belowground herbivores. Plant-induced responses elicited by root herbivores have been shown to affect feeding and development of aboveground herbivores. However, little is known about how root feeding affects host choice behavior of aboveground herbivores, including both adult oviposition behavior and larval host acceptance. Here, we report that root feeding by the wireworm, Agriotes lineatus, influences oviposition decisions and larval leaving rate of an aboveground herbivore, Spodoptera littoralis. In choice experiments, female S. littoralis deposited more and larger egg batches on undamaged plants when compared with wireworm-infested plants. In a larval feeding experiment, a higher percentage S. littoralis larvae moved away from the wireworm-infested plant onto a neighboring undamaged plant as compared with larvae feeding on previously undamaged plants. Larvae did not show an increased tendency to leave when feeding on plants previously exposed to conspecific larvae. Our results show that indirect interactions between belowground and aboveground herbivores extend to behavioral avoidance, both in terms of oviposition and larval feeding decisions. This allows the foliar herbivore to avoid systemic plant responses elicited by root herbivory, which likely represent reduced food quality and increased apparency toward natural enemies.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Malte, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Female sociality and kin discrimination in brood parasitism: unrelated females fight over egg laying
- 2015
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 26:3, s. 755-762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In conspecific brood parasitism, some females ("parasites") lay eggs in nests of other females of the same species ("hosts"). This reproductive tactic is particularly common in waterfowl, in which studies suggest that parasites are often related to the host. Here, we test the hypothesis that hosts may discriminate and reject unrelated parasites. Based on observations and >4100 h of digital video film, we analyze behavioral interactions at 65 nests of High Arctic common eiders during the laying sequence. We also estimate parasitism and host-parasite relatedness by albumen fingerprinting of 975 eggs from 232 nests. Among the video-filmed nests in which interactions were recorded during the egg-laying period, 11 had eggs from 2 females. At 8 of these 11 nests, there was overt female aggression and significantly lower host-parasite relatedness (mean coefficient of relationship r = -0.40) than in the nests with tolerant or no interactions (r = 0.91). The results demonstrate active female kin discrimination in common eiders, used against nonrelatives that try to lay eggs in the nest. Other females trying to access the nest were often prevented from doing so: in 65% of 34 such attempts, the sitting female rejected the intruder. Brood "parasitism" in eiders and other waterfowl is complex, ranging from violent female conflict and parasitic exploitation of the host's parental care to nest takeover and potential kin selection favoring acceptance of related parasites. These and other aspects of female sociality in eiders are discussed; in some respects, they may resemble certain long-lived matriarchal mammals.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Malte, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Kin selection and reciprocity in flight formation?
- 2004
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - 1045-2249. ; 15:1, s. 158-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reasons for conspicuous "V" and other flight formations in birds are debated. Theory and recent empirical advances show that energy saving is one important function of flight formations, but some aspects remain poorly understood. Combining theories of animal flight and sociality, we suggest that some of the variation in flight formations has its base in kin selection and reciprocation. The bird leading an acute V formation saves less energy than does the trailing participants. The disadvantage of leading is reduced in more obtuse formations, and when the longitudinal distance between neighbors is small, the leading bird can save about as much energy as others. Therefore, acute V formations are predicted to occur mainly in circumstances conducive to kin selection or reciprocity. These mechanisms seem possible, for example, in small flocks of adults with offspring, such as in swans, geese, and cranes. Inclusive fitness advantages may then favor an energetically expensive leader role for adults. In small groups, reciprocity is also possible among unrelated adults that recognize each other and take turns leading the V formation. In contrast, obtuse formations are expected in large flocks of unrelated individuals, such as spring flocks of waders migrating long distances. Possibilities for testing these ideas are discussed.
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