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- Ahnesjö, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Obituary : Staffan Ulfstrand
- 2024
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press. - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 35:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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- Anderson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Root herbivory affects oviposition and feeding behavior of a foliar herbivore
- 2011
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 22, s. 1272-1277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Performance and distribution of phytophagous insects are driven by direct and indirect competitive interactions. Plant-feeding arthropods have been shown to interact indirectly through the plants' response to herbivory. In the case of systemically induced plant responses, this interaction extends to herbivores inhabiting different parts of a plant, for example, above- and belowground herbivores. Plant-induced responses elicited by root herbivores have been shown to affect feeding and development of aboveground herbivores. However, little is known about how root feeding affects host choice behavior of aboveground herbivores, including both adult oviposition behavior and larval host acceptance. Here, we report that root feeding by the wireworm, Agriotes lineatus, influences oviposition decisions and larval leaving rate of an aboveground herbivore, Spodoptera littoralis. In choice experiments, female S. littoralis deposited more and larger egg batches on undamaged plants when compared with wireworm-infested plants. In a larval feeding experiment, a higher percentage S. littoralis larvae moved away from the wireworm-infested plant onto a neighboring undamaged plant as compared with larvae feeding on previously undamaged plants. Larvae did not show an increased tendency to leave when feeding on plants previously exposed to conspecific larvae. Our results show that indirect interactions between belowground and aboveground herbivores extend to behavioral avoidance, both in terms of oviposition and larval feeding decisions. This allows the foliar herbivore to avoid systemic plant responses elicited by root herbivory, which likely represent reduced food quality and increased apparency toward natural enemies.
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- Andersson, Malte, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Female sociality and kin discrimination in brood parasitism: unrelated females fight over egg laying
- 2015
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 26:3, s. 755-762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In conspecific brood parasitism, some females ("parasites") lay eggs in nests of other females of the same species ("hosts"). This reproductive tactic is particularly common in waterfowl, in which studies suggest that parasites are often related to the host. Here, we test the hypothesis that hosts may discriminate and reject unrelated parasites. Based on observations and >4100 h of digital video film, we analyze behavioral interactions at 65 nests of High Arctic common eiders during the laying sequence. We also estimate parasitism and host-parasite relatedness by albumen fingerprinting of 975 eggs from 232 nests. Among the video-filmed nests in which interactions were recorded during the egg-laying period, 11 had eggs from 2 females. At 8 of these 11 nests, there was overt female aggression and significantly lower host-parasite relatedness (mean coefficient of relationship r = -0.40) than in the nests with tolerant or no interactions (r = 0.91). The results demonstrate active female kin discrimination in common eiders, used against nonrelatives that try to lay eggs in the nest. Other females trying to access the nest were often prevented from doing so: in 65% of 34 such attempts, the sitting female rejected the intruder. Brood "parasitism" in eiders and other waterfowl is complex, ranging from violent female conflict and parasitic exploitation of the host's parental care to nest takeover and potential kin selection favoring acceptance of related parasites. These and other aspects of female sociality in eiders are discussed; in some respects, they may resemble certain long-lived matriarchal mammals.
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- Arct, Aneta, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature variability is associated with the occurrence of extrapair paternity in blue tits
- 2024
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press. - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 35:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In birds, extrapair paternity (EPP) constitutes an alternative mating strategy, with potentially important fitness consequences for both males and females and their offspring. Several factors have been identified that can influence the occurrence of EPP, but the role of environmental variability has so far received relatively little attention. Using long-term data set from a wild population of the blue tit (Cyanistes cearuleus), we assess the importance of ambient temperature in modulating the levels of extrapair paternity. Here, we showed that the variability of local thermal conditions affects the occurrence of EPP. Specifically, we found that the probability of EPP increased with rising variability in ambient temperature experienced by females prior to egg laying. This pattern is consistent with an idea of plastic female responses to unpredictable environments. Our results suggest that extrapair mating may represent an adaptive behavioral strategy to compensate for the potential negative effects of unstable environmental conditions.
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- Arlt, Debora, et al.
(författare)
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Proximate causes of avian protandry differ between subspecies with contrasting migration challenges
- 2016
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 27, s. 321-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many migratory birds, males precede females during migration and arrival at the breeding sites. Three proximate mechanisms are proposed to explain this phenomenon of protandry: males 1) winter closer to breeding sites, 2) start spring migration earlier, and/or 3) migrate faster than females. So far, the relative contribution of these mechanisms to protandry is unknown. The present study investigated the importance of each of the 3 proximate mechanisms of protandry for a songbird migrant wintering in Africa, the northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe). Two subspecies co-occur in Europe on migration, of which the leucorhoa northern wheatears breeding from Iceland to Canada have to cross the North Atlantic, whereas the nominate form breeding in Europe does not face any significant sea barrier. We show that the leucorhoa subspecies had a significantly higher degree of protandry at stopover sites across Europe than the oenanthe subspecies (-6 vs. -2 days). Leucorhoa northern wheatear's higher degree of protandry was associated with a larger age effect, in which old males preceded young males, and greater sex-specific differences in wing shape and refueling yielding higher migration speeds in males than females. In oenanthe northern wheatears, light-level geolocators revealed that males did not winter closer to the breeding sites or migrate faster than females, but initiated spring migration earlier. Our results demonstrate that the significance of the mechanisms causing protandry can differ between related taxa and highlight the importance of the advancement in male arrival date with age as a potential factor shaping the degree of protandry.
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- Arnqvist, Göran, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Mating rate and fitness in female bean weevils
- 2005
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 16:1, s. 123-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Females of most animal taxa mate with several males during their lifespan. Yet our understanding of the ultimate causes of polyandry is incomplete. For example, it is not clear if and in what sense female mating rates are optimal. Most female insects are thought to maximize their fitness by mating at an intermediate rate, but it has been suggested that two alternative fitness peaks may be observed if multiple costs and benefits interact in determining the relationship between mating rate and fitness. We studied the relationship between female fitness and mating rate in the bean weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), a species in which several distinct direct effects of mating to females have been reported. Our results show that female fitness, measured as lifetime offspring production, is lowest at an intermediate mating rate. We suggest that this pattern is the result of multiple direct benefits to mating (e.g., sperm replenishment and hydration/nutrition effects) in combination with significant direct costs to mating (e.g., injury from male genitalia). Females mating at low rates may efficiently minimize the costs of mating, whereas females mating at high rates instead may maximize the benefits of mating. If common, the existence of bimodal relationships between female mating rate and fitness may help explain the large intra- and interspecific variation in the degree of polyandry often seen in insects.
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