| 1. |
- Bhatt, Isha M., et al.
(author)
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Histological changes in the cell wall structure during wood decay by Trametes hirsuta and Trametes versicolor in neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss)
- 2016
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In: Journal of Sustainable Forestry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1054-9811 .- 1540-756X. ; 35:8, s. 578-590
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Structural alterations in the wood cell walls of neem inoculated with by Trametes hirsuta and T. versicolor were studied by microscopic methods. In vitro decayed wood showed extensive weight loss of test blocks (26.7 and 41.38% by T. versicolor and T. hirsuta, respectively) at the end of 3 months. Selective delignification in the initial phase followed by simultaneous removal of lignin was evident in test blocks inoculated with both the species. The separation of middle lamellae and patches of cellulosic polysaccharides stained blue with Astra blue in the delignified region of the fiber wall during early stages indicates selective mode of decay. In contrast, the occurrence of erosion troughs with characteristic U-notch in tangential sections is a characteristic feature of simultaneous rot that was apparent after 3 months of incubation. The decay pattern occurred concomitantly in all the xylem elements irrespective of general resistance pattern shown by vessel and axial parenchyma cells. At an advance stage, both species of Trametes showed formation of erosion channels along the microfibrils angle of cellulose which is considered as characteristics of soft rot decay type. The sharing of white rot and soft rot decay pattern by both the fungi suggest a phylogenetic link between both groups of fungi.
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| 2. |
- Cuadra, Margarita
(author)
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Dual Governance and the Shadow of State Authority: Co-Management Realities in Rema-Kalenga Protected Area of Bangladesh
- 2022
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In: Journal of Sustainable Forestry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1054-9811 .- 1540-756X. ; 41, s. 319-346
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Forest co-management models between local communities and the state have gained considerable attention over the past two decades to reconcile ecological conservation with sustainable livelihoods of local communities. Grounded in an exploratory qualitative methodological focus, this study examines how forest co-management realities have fared vis-a-vis continued asymmetrical power relationships between communities and the state in Bangladesh's top-down forest governance system, specifically de facto forest governance structures in the case of Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary and its larger landscape zone. Rema-Kalenga's regional forest actors have been struggling to develop a shared understanding regarding the goals and distribution of power in protected area co-management. The study points toward two developments: First, a low realized level of devolution as Rema-Kalenga's co-management institutions operate as mere unpaid "helpers" under the shadow of the state's centralized top-down governance in the Wildlife Sanctuary. Second, this study found signs of emerging dual governance in which local co-management institutions have created their own spaces of engagement and de facto influence in the larger Rema-Kalenga landscape zone, while significantly lacking active involvement in the core zone. Connections between these two spheres are sporadic, hampering ecosystem-approaches in Rema-Kalenga, and questioning the cohesiveness of co-management purposes in the studied area.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ferreira, José, et al.
(author)
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Life Cycle Assessment of Maritime Pine Wood : A Portuguese Case Study
- 2021
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In: Journal of Sustainable Forestry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1054-9811 .- 1540-756X. ; 40:5, s. 431-445
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Life Cycle Assessment has become one of the most recognized and internationally accepted method for examining the environmental performance of forest products and processes. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the potential environmental impact associated with different commercial outputs of maritime pine wood (round, industrial, and residual) produced in the Portuguese forest under natural regeneration. Identifying the hotspots in the life cycle (cradle-to-gate) of each sort of maritime pine was another objective of the study. SimaPro software was used for this study, whilst the CML-IA (baseline) method was chosen to assess the environmental impacts. The study showed that round wood presented the highest values in all impact categories and industrial wood presented the lowest values except in photochemical oxidation where residual wood was the best co-product when economic allocation is chosen. The major hot spots appeared to be the felling and hauling processes due to fossil fuel combustion in the chainsaw and forwarder, respectively. The co-product that should be more environmentally friendly considerably depends on the allocation procedure chosen.
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| 5. |
- Gerhardt, Karin
(author)
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Tree Species Diversity in Community Managed and National Park Forests in the Mid-Hills of Central Nepal
- 2014
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In: Journal of Sustainable Forestry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1054-9811 .- 1540-756X. ; 33, s. 796-813
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Community forestry is expanding in developing countries but there is limited knowledge of, and contradictory findings about, its contribution to biodiversity conservation. This study aims at increasing the understanding of tree species diversity in community forests compared to National Parks. A forest inventory was carried out in four community forests and one National Park in the mid-hills of central Nepal. The study found that community forestry has contributed to high tree species diversity where forest management communities have interests in multiple species, but most community forests are moving toward promoting limited timber yielding species that have high economic value. Linking community forestry with economic incentives for conserving multiple tree species could therefore be a strategy to conserve biodiversity outside of protected areas.
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| 6. |
- Holm, Stig-Olof
(author)
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A Management Strategy for Multiple Ecosystem Services in Boreal Forests
- 2015
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In: Journal of Sustainable Forestry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1054-9811 .- 1540-756X. ; 34:4, s. 358-379
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A change of the forestry management approach where semi-natural forests are re-created after logging instead of tree plantations will contribute to a sustainable forestry. Such a change will increase resilience to damages on trees, thus contributing to a more reliable supply of wood, improve reindeer husbandry, and reduce climate-driving gases. Furthermore, re-creation of semi-natural forests will better secure biodiversity. Since adequate protection of many threatened forest species, however, is not compatible with even moderate logging, a functional conservation model also has to include total saving of parts of the forest landscape.
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| 7. |
- Koyani, Rina D., et al.
(author)
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The Delignification Pattern of Ailanthus excelsaWood by Inonotus hispidus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst.
- 2015
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In: Journal of Sustainable Forestry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1054-9811 .- 1540-756X. ; 34:5, s. 502-515
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AbstractIn vitro laboratory decay tests on Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. wood revealed that I. hispidus exhibits a combination of both white-rot and soft-rot patterns of wood decay. Early stages of wood decay showed dissolution of the middle lamella as well as defibration and localized delignification of fiber walls; vessels, axial, and ray parenchyma remained unaltered. Delignification commenced from the middle lamellae at the cell corners without any marked effect on the primary and secondary wall layers. In later stages of growth, the species produces typical soft-rot decay pattern by forming erosion channels through the S2 layers of fiber walls, transverse bore holes in the cell walls, and erosion channels alongside/following the orientation of cellulose microfibrils. The rays showed signs of cell wall alterations only after the extensive damage to the fiber walls. After 120 days of incubation, the vessels also showed localized delignification, the erosion of pits, and separation from associated xylem elements. The extensive weight losses under natural and in vitro decayed wood as well as the very soft nature of severely degraded wood indicate that I. hispidus alters wood strength and stiffness.
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| 8. |
- Mate, Rosta, et al.
(author)
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Stem volume equations for valuable timber species in Mozambique
- 2015
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In: Journal of Sustainable Forestry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1054-9811 .- 1540-756X. ; 34, s. 787-806
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Development of stem volume for umbrella-shaped crown trees remains a big challenge for efficient use of forest resources in Mozambique. In this study, species-specific stem volume equations were developed for the first time for three of the most important timber species in Mozambique: Afzelia quanzensis Welw. (Chanfuta), Millettia stuhlmannii Taub. (Jambire) and Pterocarpus angolensis D.C. (Umbila). The study was carried out at three locations in Mozambique: Inhaminga, Mavume and Tome covering 58 trees from which, 24 of Chanfuta, 15 of Jambire and 19 of Umbila. The volume of the sampled stem sections (logs) was calculated using Smalian’s formula, where stem volume total was obtained through the sum of the respective defined sections. Using a nonlinear procedure, different volume models were tested for each tree species independently. The coefficient of the determination of the tested equations in the tree species ranged from .90 to .95, making the equations potential candidate models for the stem volume equations object of the study. Based on the statistical parameter analysis, the best fit nonlinear power equations was Equation 2 with the lowest AICc and lowest average absolute bias. The stem volume for the studied species is better explained by models including both diameter and height as explanatory variables.
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| 9. |
- Mohammadi Limaei, Soleiman, et al.
(author)
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Optimal Forest Management Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming Approach – A Case Study from the Hyrcanian Forests of Iran
- 2023
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In: Journal of Sustainable Forestry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1054-9811 .- 1540-756X. ; 42:1, s. 120-134
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to estimate the optimal forest harvest considering economic and environmental objectives in an uneven-aged forest in the north of Iran. Required data were collected such asstumpage price, harvesting variable costs, growth, volume, basalarea, sequestrated carbon, carbon dioxide storage, and price. The required input models for optimization were estimated using the collected data. A stochastic dynamic programming technique was used for optimization. The results indicated that the harvesting volume was higher when only the economic objective was considered instead of considering economic and environmental objectives. The results also indicated that the harvesting volume would occur at a higher level of volume per hectare if we only consider the environmental objective. The results showed that the expected present value was higher when economic and environmental objectives were considered simultaneously. The results indicated when interest rate increased, the harvesting time and the expected present value decreased. The results showed that the expected present value increases with increasing the risk. The results of this study can be a guideline for optimal forest management.
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| 10. |
- Mohammed, Elmugheira M. I., et al.
(author)
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Livestock Browsing Threatens the Survival of Balanites aegyptiaca Seedlings and Saplings in Dinder Biosphere Reserve, Sudan
- 2022
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In: Journal of Sustainable Forestry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1054-9811 .- 1540-756X. ; 41:10, s. 1046-1063
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While the impact of livestock grazing has been frequently assessed for grasses, little is known about how livestock affects tree seedlings and saplings. We explored the effects of goat, cattle and camel browsing on the survival of Balanites aegyptiaca seedlings and saplings, a broadleaved evergreen tree species indigenous to Sudan, in Dinder Biosphere Reserve-Sudan (DBR). We used a stratified sampling design with four sites: GOA (mainly browsed by goats), CAT and CAM being mainly browsed by cattle and camels, respectively, while CON was a control area without any livestock browsing. We tested the survival, mortality and recovery of seedlings and saplings across different sites. Our results revealed that mortalities of seedlings in GOA were almost four times higher than that of CAM and CON and twice that of CAT (F3,196 = 100.39, P < .001). Further, sapling mortality was three times higher in GOA than that observed in CAT and CON (F3,196 = 73.4, P < .001). We found that seedlings recover better than saplings, and, unexpectedly, goat browsing severely affected the natural regeneration of B. aegyptiaca in DBR compared to other livestock species. Our study findings contribute to sustainable forest management and show that particularly goat browsing needs to be suppressed for conservation of vulnerable tree species.
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