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| 2. |
- Axsäter, Sven
(författare)
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Inventory Control when the Lead-time Changes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Production and Operations Management. - : Wiley. - 1059-1478. ; 20:1, s. 72-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A single-echelon inventory system with continuous review and Poisson demand is considered. There are standard linear holding and backorder costs but no ordering or set-up costs. We study a change in the lead-time, which is rather typical in connection with application of a Just-In-Time philosophy. Our main focus is a lead-time decrease but we also consider a lead-time increase. Due to the lead-time change, the optimal steady state solution will also, in general, change. We consider the transient problem of minimizing the costs when bringing the system from its original steady state to the new steady state.
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| 3. |
- Azadegan, Arash, et al.
(författare)
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Operational slack and venture survival
- 2013
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Ingår i: Production and operations management. - : Wiley. - 1059-1478 .- 1937-5956. ; 22:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Slack can act as a double-edged sword. While it can buffer against environmental threats to help ensure business continuity, slack canalso be costly and reduce profitability. In this study, we focus on operational slack, the form related to the firm’s production processes. We investigate the role of operational slack on firm survival during its venture stage, when its survival is significantly challenged by environmental threats. Specifically, we explore how change in three types of environmental uncertainty, namely dynamism, complexity and lack of munificence affect the relationship between operational slack and venture survival. Results suggest that with increase inenvironmental uncertainty, operational slack lowers the likelihood of venture failure.
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| 4. |
- Berling, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Heuristic Coordination of Decentralized Inventory Systems Using Induced Backorder Costs
- 2006
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Ingår i: Production and operations management. - : Production and Operations Management Society, Baltimore, Md.. - 1059-1478 .- 1937-5956. ; 15:2, s. 294-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate a one-warehouse multiple-retailer system, where the inventory control decisions are coordinated using a near optimal induced backorder cost, β*. All installations use continuous review installation-stock (R, Q) policies. The analysis builds on an approximation model where the stochastic warehouse delays are replaced by their correct averages. The contributions include insights as to how β* is influenced by system parameters, and the determination of simple closed form β* estimates. The latter offering a practical means to achieve coordinated control of large size systems.
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| 5. |
- Berling, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Inventory control in production–inventory systems with random yield and rework : The unit-tracking approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Production and Operations Management. - : Wiley. - 1059-1478 .- 1937-5956. ; 31:6, s. 2628-2645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper considers a single-stage make-to-stock production–inventory system under random demand and random yield, where defective units are reworked. We examine how to set cost-minimizing production/order quantities in such imperfect systems, which is challenging because a random yield implies an uncertain arrival time of outstanding units and the possibility of them crossing each other in the pipeline. To determine the order/production quantity in each period, we extend the unit-tracking/decomposition approach, taking into account the possibility of order-crossing, which is new to the literature and relevant to other planning problems. The extended unit-tracking/decomposition approach allows us to determine the optimal base-stock level and to formulate the exact and an approximate expression of the per-period cost of a base-stock policy. The same approach is also used to develop a state-dependent ordering policy. The numerical study reveals that our state-dependent policy can reduce inventory-related costs compared to the base-stock policy by up to 6% and compared to an existing approach from the literature by up to 4.5%. From a managerial perspective, the most interesting finding is that a high mean production yield does not necessarily lead to lower expected inventory-related costs. This counterintuitive finding, which can be observed for the most commonly used yield model, is driven by an increased probability that all the units in a batch are either of good or unacceptable quality.
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| 6. |
- Saïah, Félicia, et al.
(författare)
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Process modularity, supply chain responsiveness, and moderators : The Médecins Sans Frontières response to the Covid-19 pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: Production and Operations Management. - : Wiley. - 1059-1478 .- 1937-5956. ; 32:5, s. 1490-1511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unprecedented scale of the Covid-19 pandemic has been a challenge for health supply chains around the world. Many international humanitarian organizations have had to ensure the continuity of their already complex development programs, while addressing their supply chain disruptions linked to the pandemic. Process modularity has frequently been advocated as a strategy to mitigate such disruptions, although empirical evidence regarding its impact on supply chain responsiveness and what moderates this impact is scarce. This exploratory research uses supply chain data analysis, qualitative content analysis, interviews, and a three-round Delphi study to investigate how Doctors without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières; MSF) and its 151 missions employed process modularity during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our results show that despite severe disruptions, process modularity—based on a modular architecture, interfaces, and standards—has helped MSF maintain supply chain responsiveness. Specifically, it (1) enabled time-consuming, nonessential tasks to be skipped, (2) relieved internal and external bottlenecks, and (3) facilitated better allocation and prioritization. Our analyses also put forward eight moderators, structured in three dimensions (visibility, alignment, and resource orchestration), which can affect the impact of process modularity on supply chain responsiveness. We extend the literature on supply chain responsiveness and process modularity by presenting extensive empirical results suggesting that process modularity improves responsiveness in crisis situations, how it does so, and what moderates this impact. Our study thereby highlights the potential of this strategy and provides operationally relevant insights that could help organizations to implement or to review and redesign their process modularity.
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| 7. |
- Schaer, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive competitive intelligence with prerelease online search traffic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Production and operations management. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-1478 .- 1937-5956. ; 31:10, s. 3823-3839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In today's competitive market environment, it is vital for companies to gain insight about competitors' new product launches. Past studies have demonstrated the predictive value of prerelease online search traffic (PROST) for new product forecasting. Relying on these findings and the public availability of PROST, we investigate its usefulness for estimating sales of competing products. We propose a model for predicting the success of competitors' product launches, based on own past product sales data and competitor's prerelease Google Trends. We find that PROST increases predictive accuracy by more than 18% compared to models that only use internally available sales data and product characteristics of video game sales. We conclude that this inexpensive source of competitive intelligence can be helpful when managing the marketing mix and planning new product releases.
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| 8. |
- Tang, Ou, et al.
(författare)
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Economic lot scheduling problem with returns
- 2006
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Ingår i: Production and operations management. - 1059-1478 .- 1937-5956. ; 15:4, s. 488-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motivated by a case study of a company that produces car parts, we study the multi-product economic lot scheduling problem for a hybrid production line with manufacturing of new products and remanufacturing of returned products. For this economic lot scheduling problem with returns (ELSPR), we consider policies with a common cycle time for all products, and with one manufacturing lot and one remanufacturing lot for each product during a cycle. For a given cycle time, the problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MIP) problem, which provides the basis for an exact solution. The application of this model for one of the core products of the case study company indicates a 16% reduction in cost compared to the current lot scheduling policy.
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| 9. |
- Tatikonda, Mohan V., et al.
(författare)
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The role of operational capabilities in enhancing new venture survival : a longitudinal study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Production and operations management. - : Wiley. - 1059-1478 .- 1937-5956. ; 22:6, s. 1401-1415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate relationships between operational capabilities and new venture survival. On the basis of operations management and entrepreneurship literature, we develop a contingency framework of operational capabilities especially appropriate at different life phases of a new venture's evolution. We expect that in the first years of a new venture's life, entrepreneurs should emphasize high inventory turnover to preserve working capital, support customer responsiveness, and aid firm adaptability. As new ventures grow, entrepreneurs should emphasize internal working capital generation via larger gross margins to support production ramp-up. Later, new venture entrepreneurs should emphasize employee productivity to buttress sustainable volume production. We analyze a 6-year longitudinal sample of 812 Swedish manufacturing new ventures using a gamma frailty-based Cox regression. The findings show that specific operational capabilities, while always supporting new venture survival, have exceptional influence in specific new venture life phases. The three hypotheses are confirmed, suggesting that higher inventory turnover, gross margin, and employee productivity further increase new venture survival likelihoods, respectively, in the venture's start-up, growth, and stability phases. This suggests a phased-capabilities approach to new venture survival. This study contributes to operations management and entrepreneurship theory and practice, and sets a foundation for future research on operations strategy for new ventures.
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| 10. |
- Wu, Desheng, et al.
(författare)
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A Trade Credit Model with Asymmetric Competing Retailers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Production and operations management. - : Wiley. - 1059-1478 .- 1937-5956. ; 28:1, s. 206-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study a supply chain of a manufacturer selling to two asymmetric retailers engaged in inventory (order quantity) competition in the presence of demand uncertainty and an exogenously given retail price. The effective demand of each retailer includes its primary demand and reallocated demand from its competitor. We model two salient features causing asymmetry: (i) the weak retailer is capital-constrained and (ii) the bargaining power of the dominant retailer implies that it enjoys a lower wholesale price. The manufacturer offers trade credit to the weak, capital-constrained retailer. We show that such trade credit can be used by the manufacturer as a strategic response to the bargaining power of its dominant retailer. Computational examples reveal that under inventory competition, the capital-constrained retailer benefits from the trade credit, leaving the dominant retailer worse off. We show that demand substitution increases the profit of the dominant retailer and the manufacturer but, somewhat surprisingly, decreases the weak retailer's profit. When both bank and trade credit are available, we show conditions under which trade credit is preferred over bank credit by the manufacturer. Compared with a trade credit with an endogenous interest rate (and an exogenously given wholesale price), a trade credit with an endogenous wholesale price (and an exogenously given interest rate) is preferred by the manufacturer, but is only preferred by the system when the weak retailer's initial working capital is small.
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