| 1. |
- Aranke, Omkar, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructural Evolution and Sintering of Suspension Plasma-Sprayed Columnar Thermal Barrier Coatings
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of thermal spray technology (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1059-9630 .- 1544-1016. ; 28:1-2, s. 198-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suspension plasma spray (SPS) is capable of producing coatings with porous columnar structure, and it is also a much cheaper process compared to the conventionally used electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). Although TBCs with a columnar microstructure that are fabricated using SPS have typically lower thermal conductivity than EB-PVD, they are used sparingly in the aerospace industry due to their lower fracture toughness and limited lifetime expectancy. Lifetime of TBCs is highly influenced by the topcoat microstructure. The objective of this work was to study the TBCs produced using axial SPS with different process parameters. Influence of the microstructure on lifetime of the coatings was of particular interest, and it was determined by thermal cyclic fatigue testing. The effect of sintering on microstructure of the coatings exposed to high temperatures was also investigated. Porosity measurements were taken using image analysis technique, and thermal conductivity of the coatings was determined by laser flash analysis. The results show that axial SPS is a promising method of producing TBCs having various microstructures with good lifetime. Changes in microstructure of topcoat due to sintering were seen evidently in porous coatings, whereas dense topcoats showed good resistance against sintering.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bahbou, M. Fouzi, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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On-Line measurement of plasma-sprayed ni-particles during impact on a ti-surface : influence of surface oxidation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of thermal spray technology (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1059-9630 .- 1544-1016. ; 16:6, s. 506-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of plasma-sprayed Ni5%Al particles on polished and grit-blasted Ti6Al4V samples under oxidized and nonoxidized conditions. For this purpose, measurements of thermal radiation and velocity of individual plasma-sprayed particles were carried out. From the thermal radiation at impact, splat diameter during flattening and temperature evolution during cooling were evaluated. Characteristic parameters related to the quality of contact between the splat and the substrate were retrieved. The flattening speed was introduced to characterize wetting, while the cooling rate was used to characterize solidification. The idea was to get a signature of particle impact for a given surface roughness and oxidation state by identifying parameters which strongly affect the splat behavior. Sieved Ni5%Al powder in a narrow range (+65 −75 μm) was sprayed on four sets of titanium alloy surfaces, consisting of polished and grit-blasted samples, one set had a nonoxidized surface and the other one was oxidized in an oven at 600 °C for two hours. Resulting splats after impact were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, the splats on oxidized surface showed pores in their core and detached fingers at the periphery. The cooling rate and flattening degree significantly increased on the oxidized smooth surface compared to the nonoxidized one. This trend was not found in grit-blasted surfaces, which implies that impact phenomena are different on grit-blasted surfaces than on smooth surfaces thus further work is needed.
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| 5. |
- Choquet, Isabelle, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Clogging and lump formation during atmospheric plasma spraying with powder injection downstream the plasma gun
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of thermal spray technology (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1059-9630 .- 1544-1016. ; 16:4, s. 512-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to numerically and experimentally investigate lump formation during atmospheric plasma spraying with powder injection downstream the plasma gun exit. A first set of investigations was focused on the location and orientation of the powder port injector. It turned out impossible to keep the coating quality while avoiding lumps by simply moving the powder injector. A new geometry of the powder port ring holder was designed and optimized to prevent nozzle clogging, and lump formation using a gas screen. This solution was successfully tested for applications with Ni-5wt.%Al and ZrO2-7wt.%Y2O3 powders used in production. The possible secondary effect of plasma jet shrouding by the gas screen, and its consequence on powder particles prior to impact was also studied.
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| 6. |
- Curry, Nicholas, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Lifetime and Thermal Conductivity of Dysprosia-Stabilized Thermal Barrier Coating Systems
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of thermal spray technology (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1059-9630 .- 1544-1016. ; 22:6, s. 864-872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was the further development of dysprosia stabilised zirconia coatings for gas turbine applications. The target for these coatings was a longer lifetime and higher insulating performance compared to today's industrial stan dard thermal barrier coating. Two morphologies of ceramic top coat were studied; one using a dual layer systems and the second using a polymer to generate porosity. Evaluations were carried out using laser flash technique to measure thermal properties. Lifetime testing was conducted using thermal shock testing and thermo-cyclic fatigue testing. Microstructure was assessed with SEM and Image analysis used to characterise porosity content. The results show that coatings with an engineered microstructure give performance twice that of the present reference coating.
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| 7. |
- Curry, Nicholas, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Impurity Content on the Sintering Resistance and Phase Stability of Dysprosia- and Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of thermal spray technology (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1059-9630 .- 1544-1016. ; 23:1-2, s. 160-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dysprosia-stabilized zirconia (DySZ) is a promising candidate to replace yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as a thermal barrier coating due to its lower inherent thermal conductivity. It is also suggested in studies that DySZ may show greater stability to high temperature phase changes compared to YSZ, possibly allowing for coatings with extended lifetimes. Separately, the impurity content of YSZ powders has been proven to influence high-temperature sintering behavior. By lowering the impurity oxides within the spray powder, a coating more resistant to sintering can be produced. This study presents both high purity and standard purity dysprosia and YSZ coatings and their performance after a long heat treatment. Coatings were produced using powder with the same morphology and grain size; only the dopant and impurity content were varied. Samples have been heat treated for exposure times up to 400 h at a temperature of 1150 °C. Samples were measured for thermal conductivity to plot the evolution of coating thermal properties with respect to exposure time. Thermal conductivity has been compared to microstructure analysis and porosity measurement to track structural changes. Phase analysis utilizing x-ray diffraction was used to determine differences in phase degradation of the coatings after heat treatment. © 2013 ASM International.
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| 8. |
- Curry, Nicholas, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Next generation thermal barrier coatings for the gas turbine industry
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of thermal spray technology (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1059-9630 .- 1544-1016. ; 20:1-2, s. 108-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to develop the next generation of production ready air plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating with a low conductivity and long lifetime. A number of coating architectures were produced using commercially available plasma spray guns. Modifications were made to powder chemistry, including high purity powders, dysprosia stabilized zirconia powders, and powders containing porosity formers. Agglomerated & sintered and homogenized oven spheroidized powder morphologies were used to attain beneficial microstructures. Dual layer coatings were produced using the two powders. Laser flash technique was used to evaluate the thermal conductivity of the coating systems from room temperature to 1200 °C. Tests were performed on as-sprayed samples and samples were heat treated for 100 h at 1150 °C. Thermal conductivity results were correlated to the coating microstructure using image analysis of porosity and cracks. The results show the influence of beneficial porosity on reducing the thermal conductivity of the produced coatings. © 2010 ASM International.
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| 9. |
- Ekberg, Johanna, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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The Influence of Heat Treatments on the Porosity of Suspension Plasma-Sprayed Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Coatings
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Thermal Spray Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1059-9630 .- 1544-1016. ; 27:3, s. 391-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suspension plasma-sprayed coatings are produced using fine-grained feedstock. This allows to control the porosity and to achieve low thermal conductivity which makes the coatings attractive as topcoats in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Used in gas turbine applications, TBCs are exposed to high temperature exhaust gases which lead to microstructure alterations. In order to obtain coatings with optimized thermomechanical properties, microstructure alterations like closing of pores and opening of cracks have to be taken into account. Hence, in this study, TBC topcoats consisting of 4 mol.% yttria-stabilized zirconia were heat-treated in air at 1150 °C and thereafter the coating porosity was investigated using image analysis (IA) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) cryoporometry. Both IA and NMR cryoporometry showed that the porosity changed as a result of the heat treatment for all investigated coatings. In fact, both techniques showed that the fine porosity decreased as a result of the heat treatment, while IA also showed an increase in the coarse porosity. When studying the coatings using scanning electron microscopy, it was noticed that finer pores and cracks disappeared and larger pores grew slightly and achieved a more distinct shape as the material seemed to become more compact.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion of NiCoCrAIY Coatings and TBC Systems Subjected to Water Vapor and Sodium Sulfate
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of thermal spray technology (Print). - : Springer. - 1059-9630 .- 1544-1016. ; 24:6, s. 953-964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems are commonly used in gas turbines for protection against high-temperature degradation. Penetration of the ceramic top coat by corrosive species may cause corrosion damage on the underlying NiCoCrAlY bond coat and cause failure of the TBC system. In the current study, four oxidation/corrosion conditions were tried: (i) lab air, (ii) water vapor, (iii) sodium sulfate deposited on the specimens, and (iv) water vapor + sodium sulfate. The test was done at 750 °C in a cyclic test rig with 48 h cycles. The corrosion damage was studied on NiCoCrAlY-coated specimens, thin APS TBC specimens, and thick APS TBC specimens. Water vapor was found to have very minor influence on the oxidation, while sodium sulfate increased the TGO thickness both for NiCoCrAlY specimens and TBC-coated specimens; the influence of the TBC thickness was found to be very small. Sodium sulfate promoted thicker TGO; more Cr-rich TGO; the formation of Y oxides, and internally, Y sulfides; pore formation in the coating as well as in the substrate; and the formation of a Cr-depleted zone in the substrate.
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