| 1. |
- Alfonsson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
The Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form : Psychometric evaluation in one non-clinical and two clinical Swedish samples
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 30:3, s. 631-642
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Self-compassion has been defined as the ability to be with one's feelings of suffering in a warm and caring way. Research has shown a negative association between self-compassion and mental illness, and that low self-compassion can make psychotherapeutic effects less likely. The ability to measure a patient's self-compassion in a fast and reliable way is therefore important in investigating effects of psychotherapies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) in both non-clinical (NC) and clinical samples.Methods: Cross-sectional data were gathered in a NC community sample (n = 1,089), an eating disorder (ED) sample (n = 253) and a borderline personality disorder (BPD) sample (n = 151). All participants were asked to complete a number of questionnaires, including the SCS-SF, and 121 participants in the NC sample repeated the assessment after 2 weeks for test-retest analysis.Results: Confirmatory factor analyses supported the first-order model suggested in previous research. Good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78-0.87) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation = 0.84) were demonstrated for the entire scale. Results also showed good convergent validity, demonstrating moderate negative associations between self-compassion and mental illnesses, as expected, and acceptable divergent validity, demonstrating weak positive associations between self-compassion and quality of life and mindfulness.Discussion: The correlations between the SCS-SF and the instruments used for validation were weaker in the clinical samples than the NC sample. This may be due to difficulties measuring these constructs or that the associations differ somewhat between different populations, which could warrant further research. The results added some support to the assumption that self-compassion may overlap with mindfulness yet still represents a distinct construct.Conclusions: Analyses of the SCS-SF provided evidence of adequate to good psychometric properties, supporting use of the scale's total sum score and a first-order factor structure. This is in accordance with previous evaluations of the SCS-SF, suggesting that it is a reliable and time-efficient instrument for measuring a general level of self-compassion. This may be important when evaluating psychotherapy and investigating self-compassion and its influence on psychiatric illness.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Testing the Mediating Effects of Obsessive Beliefs in Internet-Based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder : Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 22:6, s. 722-732
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although cognitive interventions for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been tested in randomized trials, there are few trials that have tested the specific mechanisms of cognitive interventions, i.e. how they achieve their effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mediating effects of a short cognitive intervention in the treatment of OCD and used data from a recently conducted randomized controlled trial where 101 participants were allocated to either Internet-based CBT (ICBT) or to a control condition. Obsessive beliefs were measured at pre-treatment, at the time they had received the cognitive intervention, and also at post-treatment. Weekly OCD symptoms were measured throughout the 10 weeks of treatment. We hypothesized that (1) the ICBT group would have greater reductions in obsessive beliefs (controlling for change in OCD symptoms) after completing the cognitive intervention, and that (2) this reduction would, in turn, predict greater OCD symptom reduction throughout the rest of the treatment period. Contrary to our expectations, the longitudinal mediation analysis indicated that (1) being randomized to ICBT actually increased the degree of obsessive beliefs after receiving the cognitive intervention at weeks 1-3, and (2) increase in obsessive beliefs predicted better outcome later in treatment. However, when repeating the analysis using cross-sectional data at post-treatment, the results were in line with the initial hypotheses. Results were replicated when the control condition received ICBT. We conclude that, although obsessive beliefs were significantly reduced at post-treatment for the ICBT group, early increase rather than decrease in obsessive beliefs predicted favourable outcome. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
|
| 3. |
- Beckman, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
A behaviour-based coding tool for assessing supervisors' adherence and competence : Findings from a motivational interviewing implementation study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 29:6, s. 1942-1949
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supervision seems to be an essential part of therapist training and thus also of implementing evidence-based practices. However, there is a shortage of valid and reliable instruments for objective assessment of supervision competence that include both global measures and frequency counts of behaviour—two essential aspects of supervisory competence. This study tests the internal consistency and inter-rater reliability of an assessment tool that includes both these measures. Additionally, strategies and techniques used by 10 supervisors in 35 Motivational interviewing supervision sessions are described. Codings were conducted after two separate coding training sessions. The internal consistency across the global measures was acceptable (α = 0.70; 0.71). After the second training, the inter-rater reliabilities for all frequency counts were in the moderate to good range, except for two that were in the poor range; inter-rater reliability for one of the four global measures was in the moderate range, and three were in the poor range. A prerequisite for identifying specific supervisor skills central to the development of therapist skills, teaching these skills to supervisors and performing quality assurance of supervision, is to create instruments that can measure these behaviours. This study is a step in that direction.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Carvalho, S. A., et al.
(författare)
-
A pilot randomized controlled trial of online acceptance and commitment therapy versus compassion-focused therapy for chronic illness
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. - : Wiley. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 29:2, s. 524-541
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Literature suggests that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is effective in improving well-being and in reducing psychopathological symptoms commonly experienced by people with chronic illness (CI). Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) reduces psychological distress, especially in individuals with high levels of shame and self-criticism, but few studies have explored CFT in CI. Additionally, studies almost exclusively compared ACT and CFT with inactive controls (wait-list; treatment as usual). Also, there is an interest in developing cost-effective mental health solutions, such as low-intensity online psychological interventions. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to assess the acceptability and compare the efficacy of four-session online ACT (n = 25) and CFT (n = 24) interventions in a sample of people with CI. Results showed both interventions were acceptable, with attrition rates at post-intervention comparable to those found in similar studies (around 50%). Intention-to-treat analyses showed that participants presented significantly less illness-related shame, less uncompassionate self-responding and more valued living after the intervention, although no difference was found between conditions. Results were sustained at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Results did not find statistical differences between conditions through reliable change index (RCI). Correlation between demographics and RCI showed that, at post-intervention, younger participants presented more behavioural awareness, men presented more valued action, and participants with CI for shorter periods presented less uncompassionate self-responding and less anxiety. Results suggest that low-intensity (four sessions) online ACT and CFT are cost-effective approaches to promote mental health of individuals with CI. Results and limitations are thoroughly discussed.
|
|
| 6. |
- Carvalho, Sérgio A., et al.
(författare)
-
Cognitive fusion and depressive symptoms in women with chronic pain : A longitudinal growth curve modelling study over 12 months
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 26:5, s. 616-625
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to (a) explore individual differences in women with chronic pain (CP) in regard to pain intensity, functional impairment, cognitive fusion, and depressive symptoms and (b) longitudinally test whether cognitive fusion is a significant predictor of depression symptoms, while controlling for pain intensity and functional impairment, over a 12-month period. This study follows a longitudinal design and was conducted in a sample of 86 women with CP who responded to an online battery of questionnaires in three equally spaced assessment moments. In order to explore the growth trajectory of variables of interest, latent growth curve models were examined. Also, correlation analyses were conducted between demographic and illness-related variables and depressive symptoms, as well as between all variables in all assessment moments. Cognitive fusion and functional impairment (but not pain intensity) were significantly associated with baseline levels of depressive symptoms. Cognitive fusion significantly predicted the growth trajectory of depressive symptoms, whereas pain intensity and functional impairment did not. No demographic (age, marital status, education, socio-economic) nor illness-related variables (number of CP diagnoses, duration of CP, taking medication) were associated with depressive symptoms at any point. These results suggest that the trajectory of depressive symptoms in women with CP is not predicted by the intensity of pain nor pain-related functional impairment, but rather by the tendency to get entangled with internal experiences (e.g., thoughts, emotions, and physical sensations), which may or may not be related to pain-specific contents. Clinical implications are discussed.
|
|
| 7. |
- Chaplin, John, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
DISABKIDS Smiley questionnaire. The TAKE 6 Assisted Health-related Quality of Life measure for 4 to 7 year olds.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : Wiley. - 1099-0879 .- 1063-3995. ; 15:3, s. 173-180
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The DISABKIDS Smiley TAKE 6 was developed to meet the need for a research instrument to measure the health-related quality of life (HrQoL) of children 4–7 years old. TAKE 6 is a European generic assisted-report questionnaire with a proxy version. The items of TAKE 6, scored using a five-point Likert scale, cover a single HrQoL domain. Child and parent focus groups identified the statements which, following a European pilot study, were reduced to six items. A field study of 435 children with a chronic disease in seven European countries revealed that the questionnaire had good reliability (inter-class correlation 0.69), had convergent validity with the KINDL-R (child quality of life questionnaire-revised) (rho 0.60) and satisfactory construct validity showing separation between severity and different medical conditions. The questionnaire was understandable by young children and could be completed within two minutes.
|
|
| 8. |
- Crane, Catherine, et al.
(författare)
-
Suicidal imagery in a previously depressed community sample
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : WILEY. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 19:1, s. 57-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study sought to replicate previous findings of vivid suicide-related imagery in previously suicidal patients in a community sample of adults with a history of depression. Twenty-seven participants were interviewed regarding suicidal imagery. Seventeen participants reported prior suicidal ideation or behaviour in the clinical assessment, and the vast majority of these also reported experiencing suicide-related imagery when at their most depressed and despairing, in many cases in the form of flash-forwards to imagined future suicidal acts. Interestingly, five of the 10 participants who did not report suicidal ideation or behaviour in the clinical interview also described prominent imagery related to themes of death and suicide, but in several cases, these images were associated with meanings that seemed to act to reduce the likelihood of subsequent suicidal acts. Severity of prior suicidality was associated with lower levels of imagery-related distress and higher levels of imagery-related comfort. These findings support the idea that suicide-related imagery is an important component in the phenomenology of depression and despair and hint at potentially important differences in the meaning associated with such imagery between those individuals who report experiencing suicidal ideation or behaviour when depressed and those who do not. The findings are consistent with Joiner's model of acquired capability for suicide through habituation to pain and fear of suicide and suggest that it may be useful to tackle such imagery directly in the treatment of suicidal patients. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
|
| 9. |
- Davies, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Involuntary Memories after a Positive Film Are Dampened by a Visuospatial Task : Unhelpful in Depression but Helpful in Mania?
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : WILEY. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 19:4, s. 341-351
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spontaneous negative mental images have been extensively researched due to the crucial role they play in conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder. However, people can also experience spontaneous positive mental images, and these are little understood. Positive images may play a role in promoting healthy positive mood and may be lacking in conditions such as depression. However, they may also occur in problematic states of elevated mood, such as in bipolar disorder. Can we apply an understanding of spontaneous imagery gained by the study of spontaneous negative images to spontaneous positive images? In an analogue of the trauma film studies, 69 volunteers viewed an explicitly positive (rather than traumatic) film. Participants were randomly allocated post-film either to perform a visuospatial task (the computer game Tetris) or to a no-task control condition. Viewing the film enhanced positive mood and immediately post-film increased goal setting on a questionnaire measure. The film was successful in generating involuntary memories of specific scenes over the following week. As predicted, compared with the control condition, participants in the visuospatial task condition reported significantly fewer involuntary memories from the film in a diary over the subsequent week. Furthermore, scores on a recognition memory test at 1?week indicated an impairment in voluntary recall of the film in the visuospatial task condition. Clinical implications regarding the modulation of positive imagery after a positive emotional experience are discussed. Generally, boosting positive imagery may be a useful strategy for the recovery of depressed mood. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
|
| 10. |
- Elfström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Validation of the Swedish version of the clinical outcomes in routine evaluation outcome measure (CORE-OM)
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : Wiley. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 20:5, s. 447-455
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to perform an initial validation of a Swedish translation of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). The CORE-OM is a broad self-report instrument of psychological problems, designed as an outcome measure for evaluating the effects of psychological therapy. Participants included a non-clinical group of 229 university students and a clinical group of 619 persons from four primary care sites. The Swedish CORE-OM showed excellent acceptability, high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as acceptable convergent validity. There was strong differentiation of the clinical and non-clinical samples, with the clinical group scoring significantly more psychological problems than the non-clinical group. Sensitivity to change was demonstrated in psychological treatments in primary care. Overall, the psychometric characteristics of the Swedish CORE-OM were very similar to the original UK data. Nevertheless, the validity of the Swedish version needs to be examined more in detail, in larger and more diverse samples. Our results so far, however, provide support for using the Swedish CORE-OM as a psychological problems measure. To our knowledge, there are few other relatively short measures in Swedish that are free to reprint that meet the demands for psychometric properties and utility in primary care settings in which patients typically present a broad range of psychological problems.
|
|
